182,339 research outputs found
Friendship Selection
No full textWe model the formation of friendships as repeated cooperation within a set of heterogeneous players. The model builds around three of the most important facts about friendship: friends help each other, there is reciprocity in the relationship and people usually have few friends. In our results we explain how similarity between people affects the friendship selection. We also characterize when the friendship network won’t depend on the random process by which people meet each other. Finally, we explore how players’ patience influences the length of their friendship relations. Our results match and explain empirical evidence reported in social studies on friendship. For instance, our model explains why troublesome subjects have few friends.Friendship, cooperative game, grim trigger strategy, social networks
Direct and extended friendship effects on minority and majority children’s interethnic attitudes: A longitudinal study.
No full textLongitudinal direct and extended cross-ethnic friendship effects on out-group evaluations amongst German (majority status, N = 76) and Turkish (minority status, N = 73) children (age 7-11 yrs) in ethnically heterogeneous elementary schools were examined at the beginning and end of the school year (time-lag: 7 months). The results showed that amongst majority status children, but not minority status children, direct cross-ethnic friendship predicted over time positive out-group evaluations. This association was partly mediated by perceived social norms about cross-ethnic friendship relations. No longitudinal effects of extended cross-ethnic friendship were found. This longitudinal study demonstrates for the first time the causal direction between greater direct cross-ethnic friendship and more positive outgroup attitudes amongst ethnic majority children. In addition, our results suggest that in ethnically heterogeneous contexts, direct friendship is more effective in changing intergroup attitudes than extended friendship and that social status moderates direct friendship effects
Friendship Dynamics Between Emotions and Trials
No full textThe aim of this article is to analyze friendship ties and the emotions connected to them in some particular phases of life: periods when subjects are faced with difficult challenges such as mourning, separation, job loss or illness. Under these circumstances, friendship ties and emotions take on exceptional intensity. To investigate this moments I will use the analytical concept of trial and I will outline its heuristic utility in the analysis of friendship ties. The article is based on a research project on the dynamics of friendship relationships among adults conducted in the urban area of the city of Milan. In order to shed light on the dynamics of friendship in difficult moments of life, the article is organized in three sections: in the first part, I will introduce some narratives collected during the research. In the second part, I will shed light on the way that trial phases of life are the periods in which the relation between friendship and emotions becomes more visible, in particular through the way that friendship bonds offer the possibility of narrating and sharing emotions themselves, thus introducing an element of reflexivity. In the third part, I will conclude by underlining the way that this kind of analysis of friendship ties can reveal some more structural dynamics of contemporary individualized society.Friendship, Emotions, Trial, Recognition, Individualization
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Bridget Manningham's Rivall Friendship and the Discourses of Friendship, Classical and Early Modern
No full textChapter 6 places Bridget Manningham's Rivall Friendship within the historical context of discourses on friendship, dominated by male authors since classical antiquity starting with Cicero, and taken up most prominently in the Renaissance by Montaigne. Manningham's romance is then juxtaposed to Spenser's Faerie Queene and Wroth's Urania, as well as the treatment of friendship by her contemporary, Margaret Cavendish, and the Restoration London painter Mary Beale. Manningham's venturing into discourses-on friendship as well as politics-heretofore almost exclusively the purview of male writers was enabled and encouraged by the social and political upheaval of the English Civil Wars. Rivall Friendship constitutes an exemplary instance of the medium of manuscripts deployed by women to address themselves to political subjects
The association between friendship companionship and friendship temporality
No full text"Changes and continuity that occurs in individuals' lives over time can positively or negatively impact their personal relationships. This paper introduces a new concept referred to as friendship temporality. Friendship temporality refers to the length of time children have maintained their friendships. The purpose of this study was to identify specific factors that impacted the temporality of children's friendships. Participants in this study were 346 fifth grade students and their mothers from either Black or White ethnic backgrounds. Hierarchical generalized linear modeling was used to determine if both friendship-level (companionship, friendship context, and the number of contexts in which friendships were maintained) and child-level (ethnicity) variables were predictive of friendship temporality. Further, friendship context, number of contexts, and child ethnicity were examined as potential moderators of the association between friendship companionship and friendship temporality. Both White children and Black children reported friendships from 8 different contexts (school, neighborhood, church, child care, relative-as-friend, parent network, extracurricular activities, and other effort). Friendship companionship and more contexts of friendships increased the likelihood that friendships would be long-term. Friendships maintained within contexts that included parents (neighborhood, family-friend, same-age relative, other efforts) increased the odds that friendships would be long-term rather than short-term. Friendship context, number of contexts, and child ethnicity did not moderate the relation between friendship companionship and friendship temporality."--Abstract from author supplied metadata
Parent-child relationships and dyadic friendship experiences as predictors of behavior problems in early adolescence
No full textThis study focused on support and conflict in parent–child relationships and dyadic
friendships as predictors of behavior problems in early adolescence (n¼182;
M age¼12.9 years, 51% female, 45% African American, 74% two-parent homes).
Support and conflict in one relationship context were hypothesized to moderate the
effects of experiences in the other relationship context. Adolescent-reported antisocial
behavior was low when either parent–child relationships or friendships were low in
conflict, and adolescent-reported depressed mood was low when either friendship
conflict was low or parental support was high. Parent-reported antisocial behavior
was high when high levels of conflict were reported in either parent–child or friendship
relationships and adolescent-reported depressed mood was high when either parental or
friendship support was low. Associations appear to be similar for boys and girls as no
interactions involving gender were significant.
Close but not too close: friendship as method(ology) in ethnographic research encounters
No full text‘Friendship as method’ is a relatively under-explored – and often unacknowledged - method of qualitative inquiry in the research literature, particularly within the field of sports and exercise studies. In this article, we consider the use of friendship as method in general, and situate this in relation to a specific qualitative research project in sport, which examined the lived experience of asthma amongst sports participants. The study involved researching individuals with whom the principal researcher and first author, ‘H’, had prior existing friendships. Via forms of confessional tales we explore some of the challenges encountered when attempting to negotiate the demands of the dual researcher-friend role particularly during interviews. To illustrate our analysis, four sets of tales are included, cohering around issues of: 1) attachment and when to ‘let go’; 2) interactional ‘game-play’; ‘rescuing’ participants; and 4) the need for researcher self-care when ‘things get too much’. The limits of inter-subjectivity and the need to guard against merger with research participants-as-friends are also addressed. In analysing the tales, we draw upon insights derived from Goffman’s theoretical frameworks on interactional encounters
Just like a woman? Effects of gender-biased perceptions of friendship network brokerage on attributions and performance
No full textDo women face bias in the social realm in which they are purported to excel? Across two different studies (one organizational and one comprising MBA teams), we examined whether the friendship networks around women tend to be systematically misperceived and whether there were effects of these misperceptions on the women themselves and their teammates. Thus, we investigated the possibility (hitherto neglected in the network literature) that biases in friendship networks are triggered not just by the complexity of social relationships but also by the gender of those being perceived. Study 1 showed that, after controlling for actual network positions, men, relative to women, were perceived to occupy agentic brokerage roles in the friendship network-those roles involving less constraint and higher betweenness and outdegree centrality. Study 2 showed that if a team member misperceived a woman to occupy such roles, the woman was seen as competent but not warm. Furthermore, to the extent that gender stereotypes were endorsed by many individuals in the team, women performed worse on their individual tasks. But teams in which members fell back on well-rehearsed perceptions of gender roles (men rather than women misperceived as brokers) performed better than teams in which members tended toward misperceiving women occupying agentic brokerage roles. Taken together, these results contribute to unlocking the mechanisms by which social networks affect women's progress in organizations
Friendship and Formations of Sociality in Late Modernity: the Challenge of 'Post Traditional Intimacy'
No full textStarting from the vantage point of a 'relational ontology' this paper explores the complex relationship networks of people who are single or are not living with a sexual partner. The ways in which people make sense of the boundaries of their connections is analysed. It is argued that the meaning of individual social bonds emerge relationally and that by asking why and how friendship matters to people, we begin to see what other kinds of interpersonal relationships also mean and why they matter. This lends insights into the ways relational networks operate within conditions of detraditionalisation and the emergence of non-linear life courses. In particular consideration is given to both the epistemic and ethical dimension through which friendship operate in daily life.Friendship, Intimacy, Individualisation, Personal Relationships, Families of Choice, Ethics of Friendship
The Development of Online Friendship Scale
No full textThis article discusses concept and measurement of online friendship in an Indonesian context. Online
friendship is considered to be superficial due to the lack of face-to-face interaction and emotional
intimacy. Based on grounded theory research, online friendship consists of five dimensions: caution,
voluntariness, companionship,sharing, and mutualsupport (Study 1). UGM’s Online Friendship Scale
was developed as measurement of online friendship (Study 2). Initial set of items was administered
to university students (N = 42) and resulted in 21 reliable items (r = .408-.687). Construct validity
testing was appropriately used for the data (Bartlett’s Test = 1174.1 (p<.05), KMO values = .837).
CFA confirms that the online friendship scale is multidimensional. The factor loads came up with
four dimensions: sharing (30.197%), voluntariness (8.576%), companionship (8.256%), and mutual
support (7.769%). Sharing (information and knowledge) wasthe dimension with highest contribution,
indicating online friendship serves more as means of networking between users rather than social
bonding
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