5,209 research outputs found
Adapting authoritarianism: institutions and co-optation in Egypt and Syria
No full textThis PhD thesis compares Egypt and Syria’s authoritarian political systems. While the tendency in social science political research treats Egypt and Syria as similarly authoritarian, this research emphasizes differences between the two systems with special reference to institutions and co-optation. Rather than reducibly understanding Egypt and Syria as sharing similar histories, institutional arrangements, or ascribing to the oft-repeated convention that “Syria is Egypt but 10 years behind,” this thesis focuses on how events and individual histories shaped each states current institutional strengthens and weaknesses. Specifically, it explains the how varying institutional politicization or de-politicization affects each state’s capabilities for co-opting elite and non-elite individuals.
Beginning with a theoretical framework that considers the limited utility of democratization and transition theoretical approaches, the work underscores the persistence and durability of authoritarianism. Chapter two details the politicized institutional divergence between Egypt and Syria that began in the 1970s. Chapter three and four examines how institutional politicization or de-politicization affects elite and non-elite individual co-optation in Egypt and Syria. Chapter five discusses the study’s general conclusions and theoretical implications.
This thesis’s argument is that Egypt and Syria co-opt elites and non-elites differently because of the varying degrees of institutional politicization in each governance system. Rather than view one country as more politically developed than the other, this work argues that Syria’s political institutions are more politicized than their Egyptian counterparts. Syria’s political arena is, thus, described as politicized-patrimonialism. Syria’s politicized-patrimonial arena produces uneven co-optation of elites and non-elites as they are diffused through competing institutions. Conversely, the Egyptian political arena remains highly personalized as weak institutions and individuals are manipulated and molded according to the president’s ruling clique. This is referred to as personalized-patrimonialism. As a consequence, Egypt’s political establishment demonstrates more flexibility in ad hoc altering and adapting its arena depending on the emergence of crises.
This study’s theoretical implications suggest that, contrary to modernization and democratization theory’s adage that institutions lead to a political development, politicized institutions within a patrimonial order actually hinder regime adaptation because consensus is harder to achieve and maintain. It is within this context that Egypt’s de-politicized institutional framework advantages its top political elite. In this reading of Egyptian and Syrian politics, Egypt’s personalized political arena is more adaptable than Syria’s. These conclusions do not indicate that political reform is a process underway in either state
"Ren Qing" versus the "Big 5": The Role of Culturally Sensitive Measures of Individual Difference in Distributive Negotiations
No full textShanxi province (China), people irrigating from a well on the Taiyuan plain
No full textIrrigating from a well on the Taiyuan Plain.Image is part of research conducted by Raymond T. Moyer for the article: Agricultural Soils in a Loess Region of North China
Author(s): Raymond T. Moyer
Source: Geographical Review, Vol. 26, No. 3 (Jul., 1936), pp. 414-425
Published by: American Geographical Society
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/209047http://www.jstor.org/stable/209047Grayscal
Raymond Williams and the limits of cultural materialism
Full text linkCultural materialism has become an influential discipline in recent
years, particularly so in 'Renaissance' studies, but also more generally in
'English', as well as departments defined as practising 'cultural' or
'communications' studies. The phrase is usually linked with the name of
Raymond Williams, but a cursory examination of Williams's own work
quickly establishes that it is a phrase he rarely uses, and only schematically
attempts to define. The thesis therefore takes the form of an investigation into
the way cultural materialism has come to be understood, by examining in
detail the trajectory of Raymond Williams's theoretical development, and how
his own engagement with various theoretical positions has helped to set
'limits' on the meaning of cultural materialism.
Chapters 1 and 2 deal with some of Williams's earliest work,
particularly Reading and Criticism, as a way of investigating how reasonable
it is to tag him as a 'Left-Leavisite', arguing that Leavis's undoubted
influence is resisted (though not entirely rejected) from a very early stage. The
first chapter considers in detail Leavis's work at Cambridge, the influence of
Eliot, and the significance of the 'Organic Community'. Chapter 2, which is
based around a comparative analysis of Williams's and Leavis's readings of
Dickens, argues that Williams rejects the 'organic community' in favour of his
'knowable community'. Chapters 4 and 5 deal with specific 'theoretical'
issues: the first, based around a reading of Terry Eagleton's critique of
Williams's use of the Marxist metaphor of 'base and superstructure', shows
some of the problems which arise from Williams's cultural model, as well as
suggesting refinements; the second deals with the influence of Volosinov's
theories on Williams. Chapter 6 comes out of Williams's readings of the
'Country-House' poems in The Country and the City, showing how his
practice of literary criticism relies on an acceptance of 'ideology' apparently
denied in his more 'theoretical' writings. This analysis is extended as a result
of investigations into the 'De L'Isle' manuscripts relating to the Penshurst
estate. Chapter 7 argues that it is possible to see the work of Fredric Jameson
as developing Williams's cultural materialism into Jameson's debates on
postmodernism.
In the Introduction and Conclusion, I have taken the opportunity to
look briefly at the activity of cultural materialism as it has developed since
Raymond Williams's death in 1988. The Introduction emphasizes what I see
to be important methodological differences between 'cultural materialism'
and 'new historicism'; the Conclusion deals with the continuing debate over
the value of a cultural materialist approach by considering the 'appropriation'
of Shakespeare
Raymond Gervais : 3 x 1
Full text link"Raymond Gervais 3 X 1 traces and elucidates the important or little-known moments in the practice of Raymond Gervais, an artist who has explored the notion of the aural imagination since the mid 1970s. An erudite author, Gervais joins forces here with Nicole Gingras, a researcher and curator interested in what connects sound, image, and words. The first major publication on the work of a conceptual artist questioning whether thought is acoustic" -- p. [4] of cover
Special announcement from Raymond R. Best, Raymond R., Director of the Tule Lake camp, Japanese = 特別告示
No full textJapanese translation of a special announcement from Raymond R. Best, Raymond R., Director of the Tule Lake camp regarding permanent leave from the segregation center.The Kiyoshi Uyekawa Tule Lake Camp Collection comprises of the wartime publications collected by Kiyoshi Uyekawa while incarcerated in the Tule Lake camp, such as Tule Lake newsletters and bulletins, materials issued by the Pro-Japanese group, Sokoku Hoshidan (or Hoshi Dan), WRA publications, his family's incarceration documents, which include documents regarding his and his wife, Mitsuye‘s repatriation, his fictional works’ manuscripts, bulletins and manuscripts of haiku poems authored by the members of the haiku societies incarcerated in the camps, and letters from Kyo Koide, who was a prominent figure in the community as a photographer, physician, and poet under the pseudonym, Banjin Koide
Rudolph E. Friedman Collection 1933-1946, 1973-2000s 1933-1945
No full textThe Rudolph E. Friedman Collection holds the papers and correspondence of the businessman Rudolph E. Friedman. The collection includes extensive correspondence, some official documents and personal papers, and his American military papers. Information on his family members is also present, especially through his correspondence.The bulk consists of correspondence from 1930-1940, almost entirely in German. A smaller part is comprised of related documents, such as passports, US military service documents, etc. Also included are photographs, a chronology of Rudolph E. Friedman's life from birth in 1914 through 1945, a brief genealogy of Rudolph E. Friedman's parents and siblings going back a couple of generations, as well as a memoir written by his wife.Rudolph E. Friedman's letters, written when he began serving in the US Army in 1941 to 1945, are all in English. This 1941-1945 correspondence is available in electronic form only in LBI's Digital Archive.Rudolph E. Friedmann was born in Danzig in 1914. After arriving in California from Danzig in 1938, Rudolph E. Friedman was drafted into the US Army in 1941. In 1944 he was transferred to Camp Ritchie in Maryland where he was promoted to the rank of Master Sergeant and became an interrogator of prisoners of war. Upon completion of his training at Camp Ritchie in December 1944, he was deployed to Europe where he served on the front lines of the US Seventh Army as it made its way from France into Germany, where he was on VE day in May 1945 when the war ended. He remained in Europe with the US Army through mid-September 1945. His experiences while serving in the army are chronicled in the 1941-1945 correspondence.A memoir written by Rudolph Friedman’s wife, Mara Friedman, ‘From Kobe to Zurich, Shanghai & San Francisco: My Life’, was removed to the LBI Library.Rudolf Friedmann was born in 1914 in the city of Danzig (today Gdańsk, Poland), the youngest son of Benno Friedmann and Lily Elisabeth Friedmann (née Hirsch, called Else). Rudolf had an older brother, Walter, born in 1911. In 1903 Benno had moved to Danzig, where he purchased a business that developed into a grain brokerage business, largely handling Polish grain exports. Rudolf (also called Rudi) attended high school until 1930; he then worked as an apprentice for the firm J. Adler Junior, a scrap metal business in Frankfurt am Main. While in Frankfurt he also studied economics for four years. He then returned to Danzig to assume his duties in the family firm. In 1937 his brother Walter emigrated to the United States. Rudolf did the same in February 1938, arriving in New York on February 29, 1938. Rudolf Friedmann spent his first few months in New York, where his brother Walter lived, but through the help of the National Coordinating Committee in May 1938 he found a position as a clerk in Louisville, Kentucky, eventually moving to California.Rudolf and Walter's parents, Benno and Else Friedmann joined their sons in America: in June 1938 they left Danzig for Brussels, Belgium, where they waited for their American visas, which arrived in August 1939. After a brief stay in New York, in October 1939 they journeyed to San Francisco, where Rudolf had arranged an apartment for them.On February 1, 1941 Rudolf was inducted into the American Army. His first two-and-a-half years were spent as part of the 250th Coast Artillery at Fort Raymond, outside of Seward, Alaska. In 1943 he became an American citizen and changed the spelling of his name to Rudolph Ernest Friedman. He trained at the army's Military Intelligence Training School at Camp Ritchie, Maryland, and in November 1944 Master Sergeant Rudolph Friedman was deployed to Europe as part of the Interrogators of Prisoners of War (IPW) Team 164. After a stay in England, he was sent to France in January 1945, where his unit went through France and Germany, often on the front line, where they came under attack from Nazi forces. After the end of the war in Europe he assisted in the surrender of German forces and also met concentration camp victims. In September 1945 he was sent home, honorably discharged from service on September 24, 1945. While in the Army he was awarded a Bronze Star Medal for meritorious service in France and Germany.After the war he settled in San Francisco where his mother lived, who was widowed when Benno Friedmann died of cancer in February 1945. On August 3, 1947 he married Mara Jedeikin; the couple had three sons. He worked in sales and later became a real estate broker who specialized in the sales and leasing of commercial and industrial properties on the San Francisco peninsula. His mother Else died in July 1979. Rudolph Friedman died on December 28, 1999 in Hillsborough, California.ProcessedRonald Friedma
Shanxi (China), red soil basin around Qin Xian
No full textTopography in the red soil basin around Chinchow.Image is part of research conducted by Raymond T. Moyer for the article: Agricultural Soils in a Loess Region of North China
Author(s): Raymond T. Moyer
Source: Geographical Review, Vol. 26, No. 3 (Jul., 1936), pp. 414-425
Published by: American Geographical Society
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/209047http://www.jstor.org/stable/209047Grayscal
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