4 research outputs found
Setting rights: Resource flows, life-course norms and the dynamics of citizenship in European pension systems
No full textThe title of my thesis already indicates that I did my research on what is called a hot topic: pensions in Europe. In all countries, pensions are built up through the labour market. This is true in two perspectives: firstly, for the individual entitlements and, secondly, for the financial means. With other words, the legitimation and the source of pensions are channelled through the wage. This logic is obsolete in present-day economies since the units of social rights changed as well as the economic and demographic situation. One should not forget that it is several decades ago that the different pension systems were introduced. Since then, the dynamics of capitalist economies changed the variables of the system and their interrelatedness. Consequently, reform policies need to be accompanied by updating the assumptions of the original systems. I approached the problematic institutionalization of the life-course and of resource flows through two concepts, that of the life course, put forward by Martin Kohli, and that of instituted economic processes, put forward by Karl Polanyi. Based on this comprehensive and anthropological approach the result of my research is that different countries' pension logics need to be combined and redefined. Let me concentrate on the individual entitlements first. Recent pension reforms tie pension rights to an ideal work biographies. In addition, they transform pensions to individual entitlements by abolishing derived rights such as widows pensions. This pension logic, one might say, assumes an adult worker model, as Jane Lewis called it. This adult worker model, however, is not to be found in any European country. In addition, the calculation norms of pensions even widen the well-known gender wage gap. Therefore, I analysed welfare systems in more detail and also other but labour market entitlements. These are on the one hand, countries that value learning periods and caring responsibilities, such as France, Austria, and Germany, and, on the other hand, countries whose pension systems entail residency based pensions, such as Denmark or the Netherlands. And although these systems are better from a practical as well as normative point of view, full pensions are, also in these systems, linked to an individual work biography in an ideal and therefore non-adequate way. My research also showed that recent reforms do not improve individual pension rights. Nonetheless, individual entitlements, and those of women in particular, are increasingly important since pension systems develop from a social insurance to a kind of individual account and investment system. This is even more the case since retrenchments of public pensions ask for building up pensions in several schemes which generally calculate entitlements on a more direct link to paid contributions. Let me now come to the second side of the pension coin which is that of resources. Welfare arrangements are still financed through the wage, either through contributions or through taxation. However, the wage-relatedness of resource flows is problematic since life courses change so that relatively shorter periods of time are spent in paid employment and relatively more periods of time are spent on education and retirement. Changing policies to stimulate longer working biographies are first efforts to ease this misbalance of 'producing' resources and benefiting from them. However, since education and care is increasingly part of the agenda as necessary means to sustain capitalist economies, it seems necessary to include other but financial resources. In concrete, there are academic demands to include 'solidaric elements' (a term put forward by John Myles), which is care in particular, in the calculation of the GNP. In short, the different economic modes of market exchange, welfare economies, household economies and voluntary activities need to be taken into consideration. As a consequence, sustainable welfare systems need to include more than labour market related entitlements into their pension norms. Pensions then would be composed of a variety of pension entitlements linked to contributions that go beyond the labour market
Author correction: obesity and ethnicity alter gene expression in skin
No full textDaniel Butler was omitted from the author list in the original version of this Article. The Author contributions section now reads: “J.M.W. designed, conducted, and contributed to the writing of the manuscript, prepared Fig. 1. S.G. evaluated and did statistical analysis on the skin and fat samples, prepared Figs. 2–9. J.O.A. evaluated and contributed to writing the manuscript. D.B prepared and sequenced DNA libraries for the skin microbiota data, and wrote the applicable parts of the methods section. C.M. analyzed and wrote up the skin microbiota data, prepared Fig. 10. All authors have read the manuscript and approved its contents. D.D. analyzed and wrote up the skin microbiota data. S.Z. ran and analyzed the skin metabolite data. J.S. assisted in design, analysis and wrote up the skin metabolite data. J.K. assisted in analysis write up of skin and fat data. J.L.B. assisted in analysis, interpretation and writing of the manuscript. P.R.H. designed, analyzed, interpreted the data, and was the primary author of the manuscript.” This has been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article, and in the accompanying Supplementary Information file.</p
Production of propylene carbonate from carbon dioxide and propylene oxide with MgO as a heterogeneous catalyst
No full textDelftChemTechApplied Science
0002
No full textDAILY PALO AL'tv, TIMES WEDNESDAY, OCT. -*.*.
l-AC.F. THREE
Pl„.mr.\l. .IIIVKItTISKMKXT I urn Al.VK.tTlSKMIVT
POLITICAL Al.VKHTISKMENT
.-OI.ITK-AI. All.'KIITISKMEN'T
IF Proposition No.2
■P iProhibition Amendment.
Should be Garried==-----=
An investment of 50,000,000 on which depends the livelihood
of 20,000 persons. California's investment in viticulture represents ;ht lo
restrain him. The idea is quite unfounded that, upon
entering into society we give up any natural ri^lu.'
-Thomas Jefferson
Vote "No" on Proposition No. 2
Commendation
The following, commendation ma*
iniltrit-llleal |iv |- it,.ui vali,, !,-,
know V a. Stuart ever since his nr-
■ rival in Pnlo Alto eleven yearn npn-
\ The voter la npt to overlook the
EXPOSITION BENEFIT
TO WHOLE STATE
,.-,....,,,..... ,„..,,,,., „, Alameda County Plans to Raise
1,000,000 foi Exposition
RAILROAD MANAGERS PREDICT
i ALL TRAVEL RECORDS BROKEN;
: THOUSANDS OF VISITORS AND
! SETTLERS WILL INSPECT EVERT
SECTION OF CALIFORNIA
;of„-n l'»- tli*™ no, a,,.|. ,.. anal,,.-
tha ..ullo. uf tha !.-..,-
"rti-tal. tna, Ita... uiH.n ih.. romSninl.
■|. i. ,in tnatanca ... tin.. .1.0 .-.,„
.ml.ul.,,. ..f a ...nm. h.i,.. .i |...,,.._.
tha, I, nltii.1,1 inillttili,.., ..i.t lh.- nn-
fortnnalaa and in.- dtfarl.vaa *!,..
i ...nil t,i. nn...■...:!.! ,.f .1 ...iiiiiiiiii!. ,
i. lh,- ,..i.,h ahi. ha. aonr wrong.I _
,(,. «... -ho 1. lm|.ru.,..,„. ,.,.,. fn' 0n •*»"-"'-' '••• • ""- « • ""»
limit Instanres be directed nrtsht hv ImixTrtant mannara *»iii bo takea
i th,- Ki nil word iitnt tin* i nnaldtnitai -hroimhout t'sllfurnls when Senate
;..i|\ln* nr ihe con •■ t.i Me who-..' doty I AntWttlXWnt NO ::i iNo i? on Novem.
'i ,- t.. look after ihem, Th** Imt ballot i, million-.inn AUmada
.,;i.uit -,. called, '•• imt always enmity in rnlm* fl.inni.im.i UnrnSj thv
IvI-floU*. In- tiiii. t,,. n|nt|ih iuir.it r.iii.iin.. I*... Uli' Internal muni Kt'ioBl-
[tonata. .noi nnahls t.> Htenre **>>tv tlon ...ma- bafhn tin- totmt or the
tha- lllta-iliKi-til tiffla'nl will tn* nt.:.* t* state
D '.ivn: of lh.* das*
inn m (hi- class nnd to help than
reaa n ' nseful place in the mm
w.' ti ..-.n.ii.H ..,, uausnal quality*
,.r Judgment In ... deal -Mil. tin* mtMi --.,„., , -,„. ,,,„ ,,„,,„„,
virion-, .iti.l the . rlmlinil tli.it fine
Pm Uli' hit, in itlmi.il K-alnmltKill.
may In* Ii-wm'Ii.'.I ..n.l
.-It ti,. tM--t piotra ta-al 111 in
iys iiu- otBee rightly -i-tniinMerfii
oj i.'ii. t:i humanlt:
-t "f tha* taxpajfej
lit- ii,..i-ii .' I» .ii-*,Ikn..I to amend
I* I'l-'t-iit-ilioii by nllO*» Im* At.lllli-ala
nnt> lo bold nn election to rota on
nn.l
Pn. ttk* Inii-niitlli
The ntni-iiilnioiit I* iIi-kikiii'iI In allow
Al.iti..-.!;. nOOnfrj and that county only,
OT thel** submit tho proponed Iss levy of
In raring for • I.(WO.Othi (or Kipneltlon purposes, la
anal prOtaCUUi themnelve* nsaln«t [accordance with Us pledce. to the V.x-
ihe unfartunats victims or heredity position.
.in.l • ir. uiiiatiitnc. When tho locution for Iho Kipoal-
Prod a Btuart is a candidate ror """ *■■ p**n*im« bttaro Oongrtai Ala*
the omce nf constable in tbla lown ■■■*■. cowUy w,r,'a * >,l,,titt* at ,,*ou0*'
. ,_ ... . (mo If Sun VthihI-ii-ii tram MMOtOd *>»
t-lil, Ml*, chnrur er una a nml n*: .. „ ,. .. ,,
tin* Bnoaltlon uiir* After ttm derl-
nm wall know.,, nn.l if tbe rater* „on ^ undo thr Exposition dlrec-
bellere be will measure ntnewhat ton. pi-ocer - i*i,iiuiiil..n would not
IH-rinlt tin* calling of an election lo
raise tho maty hy lunula until a con*
■Ututlonal amendment: and uuaiiiiiiK
net I....! boon |ni»sa*il.
The matter ntily concorna lha- roal
dentta of Alsineda eounty, but tho a*n
tiro stiita- muat Miti- on the amendment which will enahle the county U»
call Iho election.
Alameda County's Obligation to tha
Site.
It Is widely rocuKnlzril that tha*
Pnniimii -Purine Inli-riiiiMnnnl KsiKial-
llnn la nn onlor|irlao In tho bont-nu-
Advcrtising Is the Way to Success of *Mcn tUn mUn HtnU' wiH -*rUcl'
pate. It la tint Sun Pratirlaco's Ks-
[mattlon. Although that city rained tin*
princely sum of *t -i ■ - ....... for thla
:■•••■■ Vair Omvihlril of the popula
Advcnising Brings Customers
Advertising Keeps Customers
Advcrtiiing Shown Pluck
Do You Need
A Carpenter?
If >nu have any cst|*enter
work to tie done ctill uoon me
in do It f<8.00
Per Cord
Delivered (
F. L. WORRELL
Phone 35
■ ■I".i.r 1' A. WH OOS HntiiW.
J. LEVIN
!
l-i'-i.or in Junk ol every de*
Kriptloo, soeond-haad stove
loola. Ssnltary imi t..,i-.. cans
t.>r tale,
DltlvSSKII l*.K l.HEf
direct from
RICCOMI IIIM»S.' IIII -I.TItV HANOI
Mountain View.
Krer Jtrl.vcry. Phono P. \. 14-t9>R3|
Advertising Is "Hi/1
Advertise or Bust
Advertise Long
Advertise Well
ADVERTISE
EFFECTS OK ALCOHOL ON
Naval and Military Work
s>
Tit AI.I. M1N -.KltVlM; T III-: I.Ml'lltl. IT IMS HCI'.N Plll>\l.l>
ll*i THI MfwaT fMlKKIL MTKNTW'IC KXPKItlMKMs ANH
i-tiMPi.irri:!.*, Oixi-TRMKII m ACT! \i, kvpkiiikni I-: is
ATHLETICS AND WAR
am A|li-to*l hy FlaaXD *t|\R**HII. U)RO ROUBaafsTS. \ ■**., K.ti.
K. P.j nil.I» MARSHAL LORtl WOI-ltKI-KT. K. P.. li. C. It.
nml nun*. a.ilii-r nrmj limler*., thnl
ALCOHOL OR DRINK
in si.ow**. th** poteen to *■»■ Mimal*
(2) f llM'l Sl> pr-iinipl Jualument
CD -I'.'M ** ..■'i.i.-l. -!,.-.(hi-
(I) HASTBXS fata-ue
IS) i,i>si:\s rrelntnnro t" *tofewa*e nod Rapoanra
(fl) IStTlKAsKS *.linal. fnim vmuniU
We therefore most strongly urne you for your own Health and
I that at iewr-t as long an the war lantn you should beronie
TOTAL AllSTAINKHS
iSltnedl
THOMAs BARLOW. M.H.. F.R.S., K..'.V.t>.. lTe-. OOD. Phy-i..
Ptiy-i.lnn l*» H-M. Uie King
HtKHKI.Hk TRK\t-*S. I-IU'.H.. li.CA AK, Hon CM. It-A.M.t'..
T.F.. SorBenmt-Huri:-M.nilo II.M. tho Kln(£
c.. J. ll. KVATT. M.lt., tStSm Otargsoai On—lnl It.A.M.t*.
VKTiHl 1HHW1.KV. K.II.t .s.. IMl.s.. CtepCata ll. I.M.S.. T.F.
ti. IDM W-X>HHK.%I>. M.lt.. P.R.H.. lAM'ot. Il..\.>I.('., T.K.
To the People of Palo Alto
and Vicinity
The splendid sapporl itlven me nt iho primary election ol
viirn.t i&tfa taat, by the people of^Pato Itto and rlctnlty, eneo'ut*
.-ifi.- ma to betleee thai I may «eaiii i-erejve ;. like support upon
Korembai M lot ths oRtee of bounty I - • Aalde from the
ll Palo lit,, ..u.i Itl jiljsrent lerrltnry la entitle.] |o S
prominent repi*«««ntatlon In :hat offia-e. ins early nn**«M-i-*iion-
tlii-n. il »;n imrti ami lived tlieri* mam years] causes me to dope
thai iii. ..imii.in.v ma) be favorablj received by rour people, tf
.-•■ utmost i'ii'I'mht. f.ilthhiIIv perfnrm Iho du.
t .*- ..f Aaa—tor a*, boneatly. Impartlalli stiil cpnservatlvely aa. in
bj powar to i>*-rriiriii tbem,
C. Y. PITMAN
Candidate for County Assessor
Santa Clara County California
Kletltnn Va.vejTlli.-r :i, llll I. 10-27-&1 AdTI
PALO ALTO SCHOOL
SHORTHAND
nml
TYPEWRITING
:. 11 lit Ramona Buttd.ni
tlon ronhllns ahout Ihe llay of San
l*rnnchmo hsve mmio their hoinea npopj
Hn enalern nhnro Direct furry serr-
lee from Outtl'ihil hnn boon ostAlillshod
til il mal to Ihe Klponltlnn of 1 'mi.
Ann Thereby, st leant n million visitors will ho enabled to tarry In Alameda roimi>, afbtra there in am pie*
riM.in lor He'if aca omitHKlallon.
The mllll.'iia nf vlnllnrn who will
conn* to California In l:•!.'. will In
cludo vnat minil.a'rn who hnve fur
ji-i.m i planning to i i»u ths>
Dolden suit.* They will iimlouhtodly
Vlnlt even noil loll of Iho Htnto nml
pmonj tin* thousands of luvantora and
alulitaeera Alameda county will not
onl> Kill ii « trt'inemlniiM illrert ad-
rantaa*e l.y her npiiroprlutlnn of ll.
ii-ni'im hut evary voter Iti Iho State
will t„ in in hy tin- nnprnprlstloia
nltlioush ll will not coal him anythlnR
Ni'iiriy n bundled greet ctmreflUon*
•aH; I...i.t their sessions in Onklanal
nml fierkelei The beneflta tlmt au
mads county mm derlru (torn this
vaal Influi of rlalloln ettn only be os-
Hmatiil in iho lona of millions. Nut-
urn Ity, iha. public spirited people or
thla nel«bhorlm county feel lhat tlier
nre hauind h> fiery eotinfdeiallon.
moral nml economic, to twotribnte tha
million dollars whlrh tiny liiive (innil-
l«o.I The nalfan r.l tbo entire State*
depends upon thi payment of thlw
,ti.iia-> i,.ri.ro itn' i*:*.|Hi*itioii opena k»
untoa in the thronslni mllllona And
tio- voters nf Callforola. in auUioilklaa;
thla amandmant, win look m Almneda
'*..\ nu. pain Aim ootaily to mnke the moot ot tho op-
pnrt unit loa and prl vile■*»--■ which It
\ poaiai card seekn throiixh (*<ni*.tltiitl.,nal author
ity.
• Ill iirlnn our —
Elite Market
sii:n;nr a piut.i.itt
tmne 7. 2IH Knl-rrmlty Are.
nnpecteJ meats. No. 1 itrnds
iam» and bnrnnn. fist*, pout-
iy ard dellcarles.
AUTO DKI.lVKItY.
I» PtIN'/IM
Palo All-, (i-.rl.-a--.
■.■.;.(-.rn to your
sddruss at onr-a.
A BRITISH WAR POSTER
Any Paper
Can Print
Your
Advertisement
but It tskes a paper with
a circulation to make advertising nay. *
DO YOU MAKE IT^ PAY
1
Classified
Advertising
Is a Test of
Circulation
Have you noticed that
The TlmrH print** more
than twice ss msny Classified Ads ss its ncsresi
competitor?
Motorcycles
and
Bicycles
NKW AND SBOONI, ff.lNfi.
I Hill, ..INK HI- ACCKS80RIBII
..M, r.ll.TS.
HKPAIB 1VI.I.K lil .ll.AN". KK.I.
Qarcelon and
Donaldson
j I'lmne P. A. 7». ,VJO il,kl, HI
Conatltutlonal amendmenl No. 24,
iiiii'-niln.' iii No 17, nn iho Novembor
I.nllnl |.i-ririltlnir Alutneda county lo
tm ilfilf for lln contrlhullon to tha*
Piir.ntna Pm We loUnutlonal KsposK
tlon, which H ;.r< ttila»-il to the espo-
nitimi Winn Ihr llcht t.etwea ri Mow*
Orleans anil Sun Kranrlaro for the*
loa-ntnm of tho espnalllon was ba-
. fore rnnitresa, rends nn follows:
E"petition Contribution by Alameda
County.
Sonnt. f'onntllutlnnal Amentlment
St amendlnn Beellon i** of Article XI
of Constitution Preaaat nerilon uo-
. rhnnaed hut provlao sdd'-d authorising
Alnmeda county, at election therefor,
to Incur 1.1,Ml. it li.'l' ,-ilm-an not aj-
ceedlni 11,000,000, Iiearlna .■■ .. i not
ei. sodlnc Bve per pent, hondn :•.:.*,.n-
nlile with.ii forty yean nnd salabta at'
not loan Ihao par. proceed*, payahler
f.it terniH Used by SuiH'fvlaors to Pan
sum I'm ill. International Kxposltloo
t'on.pany for Exposition In San Ktaa-
Cisc-o; aulliorillng sperlal tax upon all
taxable property In Alameda county
to pay Interest and create a stnklaa;
fund for payment, of *ss!d booda
