1,259,048 research outputs found
“Proven patriots”: the French diplomatic corps, 1789-1799
No full textThis study analyzes a hitherto unexamined group, the French diplomatic corps during the Revolution (1789 to 1799), and focuses on the question of loyalty and conscience. For some diplomats choice was an illusion as their status often determined their fate. Some supported the king and continued to do so in spite of the high cost, often creatively sabotaging the Revolution. Others put nation, as they defined it, above king. Because the definition of loyalty constantly shifted the corps, like the army and the bureaucracy, was periodically purged. Those who had worked for or been sympathetic to the old regime or those who had allied with a certain political faction came under scrutiny. The turmoil in the diplomatic corps not only had international repercussions but also reflects larger societal trends, such as the attack on the aristocracy and the displacement of one elite by another. The French diplomatic corps was thus emblematic of many issues surrounding the revolutionary struggle of this decade.Publisher PD
Caste, class and profession in old regime France: the French army and the Ségur reform of 1781
No full textFirst published in French in 1974, David D. Bien’s essay on the nature of nobility in old regime France pivoted around the 1781 “Ségur regulation” that required four generations of nobility for most officers entering the army. Once seen as a classic manifestation of the so-called “aristocratic reaction” against commoners, the loi Ségur, in Bien’s deft analysis, instead emerges as a telling sign of tensions within an increasingly divided nobility. While exploding crude myths about class conflict and its causative role in the Revolution, Bien mounts a strong case for viewing eighteenth-century social tensions as the product of professional identity as much as social class. This study is presented here for the first time in English with a short preface by Rafe Blaufarb, and a wide-ranging introduction by Jay M. Smith that places Bien’s work in the wider context of historical thinking over the past half-century on the origins of the French Revolution.Publisher PD
Discharge certificate for Jonathan L. French
No full textA discharge certificate for Jonathan L. French. The certificate indicates that French enrolled on September 30th, 1861, for a period of three years. He was discharged in Annapolis, Maryland, on June 24th, 1862, due to loss of voice due to measles. The document describes French as having grey eyes, light hair, and 5' 3" tall. The certificate also includes that French was born in Manchester, New Hampshire, and was 19 at the time of discharge. His occupation at the time of enrollment was a farmer. Colonel John F. Staunton of the 67th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment signed the discharge. Strike through text indicates that the discharge rendered French unfit for the army. Handwritten perpendicular text written on June 26th, 1862, can be found on the discharge certificate. The reverse of the document contains a blank oath of identity
Discharge certificate for Jonathan L. French
No full textA discharge certificate for Jonathan L. French. The certificate indicates that French enrolled on September 30th, 1861, for a period of three years. He was discharged in Annapolis, Maryland, on June 24th, 1862, due to loss of voice due to measles. The document describes French as having grey eyes, light hair, and 5' 3" tall. The certificate also includes that French was born in Manchester, New Hampshire, and was 19 at the time of discharge. His occupation at the time of enrollment was a farmer. Colonel John F. Staunton of the 67th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment signed the discharge. Strike through text indicates that the discharge rendered French unfit for the army. Handwritten perpendicular text written on June 26th, 1862, can be found on the discharge certificate. The reverse of the document contains a blank oath of identity
Discharge certificate for J.L. French
No full textA discharge certificate for Jonathan L. French. The certificate indicates that French enrolled on August 11, 1862, for a period of three years. He was discharged near Alexandria, Virginia, on May 30, 1865, due to General Order Number 26 Headquarters AP May 17, 1865. The document describes French as having a light complexion, hazel eyes, light hair, and standing at 5' 5". The document also includes that French was born in Manchester, New Hampshire, and was 18 at the time of discharge. This discharge paper also lists French in Company G, 5th Battlement of New Hampshire. Commander of the company, 1st Lieutenant Rodney H. Ramsay, signed the discharge. Handwritten perpendicular text on the left of the text indicates paid June 2, 1865, by Henry McFarland. An additional handwritten signature is on the bottom left of the document, with notes below it in red ink. The reverse of the document contains a blank oath of identity. Three lines of handwritten text include Jonathan L. French's name
Discharge certificate for J.L. French
No full textA discharge certificate for Jonathan L. French. The certificate indicates that French enrolled on August 11, 1862, for a period of three years. He was discharged near Alexandria, Virginia, on May 30, 1865, due to General Order Number 26 Headquarters AP May 17, 1865. The document describes French as having a light complexion, hazel eyes, light hair, and standing at 5' 5". The document also includes that French was born in Manchester, New Hampshire, and was 18 at the time of discharge. This discharge paper also lists French in Company G, 5th Battlement of New Hampshire. Commander of the company, 1st Lieutenant Rodney H. Ramsay, signed the discharge. Handwritten perpendicular text on the left of the text indicates paid June 2, 1865, by Henry McFarland. An additional handwritten signature is on the bottom left of the document, with notes below it in red ink. The reverse of the document contains a blank oath of identity. Three lines of handwritten text include Jonathan L. French's name
Hold still, Madame: wartime gender and the photography of women in France during the Great War
No full textThis study investigates French images of women during the First World War, the feminine postures and roles captured by photographers, how female images were used in the wartime media and by the state, and how captions and other textual modes strengthened an overarching message of total consent. By analysing the three most prominent genres of female imagery during the period – women in distress, feminine devotion, and women toiling for the war effort – this book seeks to demonstrate how photography assisted in the gender work of the war. Photographers and publishers showed how traditional feminine traits could contribute to a male-designed and directed war effort, while also concealing instances of female dissent, which included feminist, socialist, popular and pacifist objections to the war. Yet, although the archives contain few wartime images created by French women themselves, this work also introduces a small group of period photographs, lithographs, articles and literary works that disrupted the visual narrative of subordination.Publisher PD
Dr. Jan French – Faculty Author Interview
No full textDr. Jan French, Assistant Professor of Anthropology, discusses her new book, Legalizing Identities: Becoming Black or Indian in Brazil’s Northeast, which shows how law can successfully serve as the impetus for the transformation of cultural practices and collective identity
The Effects of a "Fat Tax" on the Nutrient Intake of French Households
No full textThis article assesses the effects of a "fat tax" on the nutrient intake of French households across different income groups using a method that estimates the nutrient elasticities of French households. We estimate a complete demand system by aggregating an individual demand system over cohorts. The use of a cohort model is justified by the incompleteness of our data. We find that a "fat tax" would have ambiguous and extremely small effects on the nutrient intake of French households, and its associated economic welfare costs would be similarly weak.Household survey data, demand system, nutrient elasticities., Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety,
A study and catalogue of French flute music written between 1945 and 2008
No full textIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 352-368).French contemporary flute works are seldom performed outside France, and most of the composers are relatively unknown to the rest of the world. These works often include new instrumental performance techniques, known as ‘extended techniques’ or avant-garde techniques, which were developed by prominent flute performers in collaboration with composers. The study and performance of works which include extended techniques remain daunting to most South African flautists. Extensive research reveals no existence of a catalogue which represents all French composers and their works for flute after 1945. There is also a great shortage of available literature which prevents flautists, especially outside of Europe, from studying these works. The main objective of this dissertation is to fill this void
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