410 research outputs found
sj-docx-1-tva-10.1177_15248380231176062 – Supplemental material for Misogynistic Extremism: A Scoping Review
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-tva-10.1177_15248380231176062 for Misogynistic Extremism: A Scoping Review by Robin O’Hanlon, Frederick L. Altice, Roy Ka-Wei Lee, Jack LaViolette, Gloria Mark, Orestis Papakyriakopoulos, Koustuv Saha, Munmun De Choudhury and Navin Kumar in Trauma, Violence, & Abuse</p
Data_Sheet_1_Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Substance Use Disorders: A Scientometric Analysis and Visualization of Its Use Between 2001 and 2020.docx
No full textBackground: This study aimed to identify frontiers for further studies via brief understanding in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) for substance use disorders (SUDs).Materials and Methods: Publications on the use of CAM for treating SUDs were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection from 2001 to 2020 on July 12, 2020, and visualized by CiteSpace V.Results: A total of 3,807 publications were obtained. The USA, China, and England were the leading research centers. However, India and Pakistan have recently focused on assessing CAM for the treatment of SUDs. Frederick L Altice was found to be the most productive author. Addiction ranked first among the frequently cited journals, which exceeded 1,000. The most common CAM therapies were acupuncture and CAM psychotherapies, such as mindfulness meditation.Conclusion: CAM is gaining attention globally for treating SUDs. CAM psychotherapy and acupuncture are hotspots and deserve further study. Researchers should strengthen peer cooperation in this field.</p
Glob Public Health
No full textThe World Health Organization (WHO) recommends tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) in people with HIV (PWH), yet implementation remains poor, especially in rural communities. We examined factors influencing TPT initiation in PWH on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in rural South Africa using the Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARiHS) framework to identify contextual factors and facilitation strategies to successfully implement TPT. Patient and clinical factors were extracted from medical records at two primary healthcare clinics (PHCs). Among 455 TPT eligible indivdiuals, only 263 (57.8%) initiated TPT. Patient-level characteristics (older age and symptoms of fever or weight loss) were significantly associated with TPT initiation in bivariate analysis, but PHC was the only independent correlate of TPT initiation (aOR: 2.24; 95% CI: 1.49-3.38). Clinic-level factors are crucial targets for implementing TPT to reduce the burden of HIV-associated TB. Gaps in knowledge of HCW, staff shortages, and non-integrated HIV/TB services were identified barriers to TPT implementation. Evidence-based strategies for facilitating TPT implementation that might be under-prioritized include ongoing reprioritization, expanding training for primary care providers, and quality improvement strategies (organisational changes, multidisciplinary teams, and monitoring and feedback). Addressing contextual barriers through these facilitation strategies may improve future TPT implementation in this setting.K23 AI089260/AI/NIAID NIH HHSUnited States/U01 GH000524/GH/CGH CDC HHSUnited States/UL1 TR001863/TR/NCATS NIH HHSUnited States
Drug Use, HIV, and the High-Risk Environment of Prisons
No full textPrisons often concentrate people with or at risk for HIV within them and, due to the high-risk environment within prison, further amplify disease. Suboptimal access to evidence-based HIV prevention and treatment within prisons, including opioid agonist therapies with methadone or buprenorphine, antiretroviral therapy, and needle/syringe programs, results in worsening of disease during incarceration. Effective transitional programs that address continuity of prevention and treatment of HIV and substance use disorders, along with other co-morbid conditions, are crucial to reduce the harms from incarceration. Such programs not only must provide access to these services within prison but also must ensure that the services are continued after release. This chapter reviews how prisons contribute to negative health consequences related to HIV and addiction, provides examples of settings where policies and services greatly influence the high-risk prison setting, and offers a number of strategies to improve HIV detection, treatment, and prevention.</p
Attitudes Toward and Beliefs About Prenatal HIV Testing Policies and Mandatory HIV Testing of Newborns Among Drug Users
No full textHepatitis B Virus Infection in US Correctional Facilities: A Review of Diagnosis, Management, and Public Health Implications
No full textA Review of the Legal and Ethical Issues for the Conduct of HIV-Related Research in Prisons
No full textHIV/AIDS, hepatitis and tuberculosis-related mortality among incarcerated people: a global scoping review
No full textPurpose:
People in prison are at a higher risk of preventable mortality from infectious disease such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and tuberculosis (TB) than those in the community. The extent of infectious disease-related mortality within the prison setting remains unclear. The purpose of this paper was to collate available information on infectious disease-related mortality, including the number of deaths and calculate the person-time death rate.
Design/methodology/approach:
The authors searched databases between 1 January 2000 and 18 November 2020 for studies reporting HIV, HBV, HCV, TB and/or HIV/TB-related deaths among people in prison.
Findings:
The authors identified 78 publications drawn from seven Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS’ regions encompassing 33 countries and reporting on 6,568 deaths in prison over a 20-year period. HIV/AIDS (n = 3,305) was associated with the highest number of deaths, followed by TB (n = 2,892), HCV (n = 189), HIV/TB (n = 173) and HBV (n = 9). Due to the limitations of the available published data, it was not possible to meta-analyse or in any other way synthesise the available evidence.
Research limitations/implications:
To inform targeted efforts to reduce mortality, there is a need for more, better quality data to understand infectious disease-related mortality in custodial settings. Increased investment in the prevention and management of infectious diseases in custodial settings, and in documenting infectious disease-related deaths in prison, is warranted and will yield public health benefits.
Originality/value:
To the authors’ best knowledge, this is the first scoping review focussed on deaths due to these infections among people in prison internationally. The gaps identified form recommendations to improve the future collection and reporting of prison mortality data.No Full Tex
An Information–Motivation–Behavioral Skills Model of PrEP Uptake
No full textDespite documented effectiveness of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), PrEP uptake remains low among at-risk populations. The 2015 CDC report estimates that about 1.2 million people in the US have indications for PrEP. However, only 49,158 or 4% of the targeted population are currently using PrEP. Efforts to optimize uptake of PrEP may be facilitated by the development of a comprehensive theoretical framework which can be used to understand reasons for poor uptake and to develop interventions to maximize PrEP uptake and adherence. This article reviews research on correlates of PrEP uptake and presents findings organized within an Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (IMB) model framework. In the context of PrEP uptake, the IMB model asserts that to the extent that at-risk groups are well-informed about PrEP, motivated to act on their knowledge, and have necessary behavioral skills to seek out and initiate PrEP regimen, they will successfully overcome obstacles to initiate and adhere to PrEP. The article proposes an adaptation the IMB model for PrEP uptake, provides empirical support for the adapted IMB model extracted from related research, and discusses its application in PrEP uptake interventions
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