1,721,028 research outputs found
Chemical composition and antifungal activity of the essential oil of Cotinus coggygria Scoop. from marche region (Italy)
No full textThe present study reports the results of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analyses of the essential oil from flowering aerial parts of Cotinus coggygria Scoop. (Anacardiaceae), as well as its in vitro antifungal activity against nine plant pathogenic fungi. Moreover, the essential oil was evaluated for its antifungal activity using the agar dilution method, and also MICs (minimum inhibitory concentrations) and MFCs (minimum fungicidal concentrations) were determined. The major compounds identified by GC-MS were limonene (49.2%), (Z)-β-ocimene (13.6%), α-pinene (8.8%) and (E)-β-ocimene (5.9%). The oil showed in vitro antifungal activity against some species of the Fusarium genus, Botrytis cinerea, and Alternaria solani. Our study indicates that the oil of C. coggygria could be used as a control agent for plant pathogenic fungi in natural formulations
Further New Diterpenoids from Salvia miniata Fernald (Lamiaceae)
No full textIn course of our search on Salvia metabolites for the identification of new herbicides with diterpene and triterpene skeletons [1, 2] we have continued the study on Salvia miniata Fernald [3], a Mexican species whose aerial part exudate in a preliminary test showed anti-germinative activity against Papaver rhoeas L. and Avena sativa L., chosen on the basis of evaluating the seed germination response respectively of a common invasive species and of a common crop species. From Salvia miniata we had already isolated some new and known di- and triterpenes [4]; here we report two new compounds, obtained from the chromatographic separation of not previously considered fractions. The surface exudate, obtained by rinsing the plant material with CH2Cl2, and subjected to repeated column chromatography on Sephadex LH-20 and silica gel and to reversed-phase semi-preparative HPLC, yielded two new clerodane diterpenoids (1, 2) identified by IR and NMR analysis, including TOCSY, COSY, HSQC and HMBC experiments.
[1] Vyvyan JR. Allelochemicals as leads for new herbicides and agrochemicals. Tetrahedron. 2002; 58: 1631–1646. doi:10.1016/S0040-4020(02)00052-2
[2] Dayan FE, Duke SO. Trichomes and root hairs: natural pesticide factories. Pesticide Outlook. 2003; 8: 175–178. doi:10.1039/b308491b
[3] Epling C. A Revision of Salvia, subgenus Calosphace. In: Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis. Vol.110. Fedde F. Berkley, California: University of California Press,1940.
[4] Bisio A, Romussi G, Russo E, Cafaggi S, Fraternale D, De Tommasi N. New Clerodane Diterpenoids from Salvia miniata Fernald (Lamiaceae). Planta Med. 2008; 74: 1041. doi:10.1055/s-0028-108438
A new prostaglandine-like compound from Salvia adenophora Fernald.
No full textSalvia adenophora Fernald [1] is a Mexican species whose aerial part exudate showed herbicide activity against Papaver rhoeas L. and Avena sativa L. in a preliminary test [2]. The surface exudate, obtained by rinsing the plant material with CH2Cl2, was subjected to repeated column chromatography on Sephadex LH-20 and silica gel and to HPLC-MS and MS2 experiments followed by semi-preparative RP-HPLC, yielding a new prostaglandin-like (1). The new compound was identified by IR and NMR analysis, including TOCSY, COSY, HSQC, HMBC experiments, and ESI-TRAP-MS and HR-MS analysis.Bibliografia
1 Epling, C. A Revision of Salvia, subgenus Calosphace. In: Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis. Fedde F., University of California Press: Berkley, California, 1940, Vol.110.
2 Bisio, A., Fraternale, D., Giacomini, M., Giacomelli, E., Pivetti, S., Russo, E., Caviglioli, G., Romussi, G., Ricci, D., De Tommasi, N. Crop Protection, 2010, 29, 1434-144
The antiaging properties of Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G.Don essential oil: collagenase and elastase inhibition activities
No full textHelichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don is an evergreen shrub of the Asteraceae family whose aerial parts are a
source of essential oil. For this study, flowering samples have been harvested and hydrodistilled in July 2016
and the obtained essential oil has been characterized by means of GC/MS. Overall, 68 compounds were
identified, of which over 30% are oxygenated monoterpenes: among these compounds, nerol and its esters
are the most represented ones, with neryl acetate as the most abundant (15.4%) component of the EO. This
pattern is reported in the literature for other H. italicum EOs (1, 2). The characteristic helichrysum β-
diketones known as italidiones were detected in the composition: 4, 6, 9-trimethyl-8-decene-3, 5-dione
(italidione I) and 2, 4, 6, 9-tetramethyl-8-decene-3, 5-dione (italidione II) showed the most relevant relative
abundances.
For a long time, the essential oil of H. italicum (Roth) G. Don has been used in the preparation of cosmetic
products for skin care, including anti-aging products (5). The collagenase activity can be stimulated by
several factors as well as UV light: this causes degradation of matrix proteins and skin aging. Elastase are
proteolytic enzymes in the dermis that are responsible for the degradation of elastin in the extracellular
matrix. The loss of elastin plays a significant role in the development of the visible signs of aging (wrinkles,
sagging) in the skin (6). The essential oil of H. italicum inhibited the collagenase (Fig. 1) and elastase (Fig.
2) activities with an IC50 (μg/ml) of 36.99±1.52 and 235±6.32, respectively. Values shown represent the
mean ± SD from five independent experiments. These inhibition activities have been compared with those of
oleanolic acid, which is a skin-protective pentacyclic triterpene.
As evidenced, the elastase inhibition effect is particularly relevant. To the best of our knowledge, there is no
other published study dealing with the inhibiting effect of H. italicum EO on these enzymes activities
Essential oil composition and antimicrobial activity of aerial parts and ripe fruits of Echinophora spinosa (Apiaceae) from Italy
No full textThe chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils obtained from the flowering aerial parts and ripe fruits of Echinophora spinosa L. (Apiaceae) from central Italy were analyzed by GC/MS. The major constituents of the oil from the aerial parts were beta-phellandrene (34.7%), myristicin (16.5%), delta3-carene (12.6%), alpha-pinene (6.7%) and alpha-phellandrene (6.2%), and of the oil from the ripe fruits p-cymene (50.2%), myristicin (15.3%), alpha-pinene (15.1%) and alpha-phellandrene (8.1%). The two oils showed good antimicrobial activity against Clostridium difficile, C. perfringens, Enterococcus faecalis, Eubacterium limosum, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius and Candida albicans with MIC values respectively of 0.25, 0.25, 0.25, 0.25, 2.25, and 0.50%, v/v, and 0.13, 0.13, 0.13, 0.13, 2.25, 0.50%, v/v, for aerial parts and ripe fruits respectively. A less significant antimicrobial activity against bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, very important in the intestinal microflora, was also detected, with MIC values higher than 4.0%, v/v
Essential Oil Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Angelica archangelica L. (Apiaceae) Roots
No full textIn this paper, the chemical composition and the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Angelica archangelica L. (Apiaceae) roots from central Italy were analyzed. The major constituents of the oil were α-pinene (21.3%), δ-3-carene (16.5%), limonene (16.4%) and α-phellandrene (8.7%). The oil shows a good antimicrobial activity against Clostridium difficile, Clostridium perfringens, Enterococcus faecalis, Eubacterium limosum, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, and Candida albicans with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 0.25, 0.25, 0.13, 0.25, 2.25, and 0.50% v/v, respectively. A weaker antimicrobial activity against bifidobacteria and lactobacilli-very useful in the intestinal microflora-has also been shown with MIC values >4.0% v/
Photochemical response of parsley essential oil to red light growth treatments
No full textThe effect of different wavelengths on plants morphological characters is widely
described [1–4], but the chemical composition of the essential oil is influenced by the
lighting conditions the plant undergoes during growth, as well. In the present study, the
effect of both the enrichment (reversed Emerson enrichment effect) and the
monochromatic lighting treatments on the essential oil production and compositions of
Petroselinum crispum (Mill.)
Fuss samples have been analyzed on potted specimens. The extraction yield was
0.05% for all the samples, with a total of 66 identified volatile organic compounds
(VOCs). The control sample showed a composition rich in myristicin, 1,3,8-pmenthatriene,
β-phellandrene and apiole. Monoterpene hydrocarbons represented the most
abundant VOC chemical class (over 50%), followed by phenylpropanoids (over 30%).
Whilst the red-enrichment of the light spectrum did not induce major changes in the
essential oil composition, the end of the day monochromatic red (660 nm) treatment
caused a chemotype switch in the EO and relevant differences in the overall composition.
The red-enriched sample, indeed, showed slight differences in the relative abundances of
the same most relevant compounds.
The EO of the sample grown under monochromatic light, instead, was mainly rich
in (E,E)-α-farnesene, which was not detected in the other samples, and germacrene D, with
a decrement of the monoterpene hydrocarbons and the total absence of phenylpropanoids,
together with an increase in the relative abundances of sesquiterpenes (both oxygenated
and hydrocarbon ones) and oxygenated monoterpenes.
The light quality conditions are easy to modulate as needed: colored nets,
fluorescent or LED lamps can be used to achieve different growth conditions. Different
lighting conditions could be used as a tool to modulate the compounds present in the
essential oil, but further studies are needed to assess the effects on different species and
compounds
Nuovi diterpenoidi clerodanici dall’essudato delle parti aeree di Salvia miniata Fernald.
No full textIl prodotto di secrezione delle strutture epidermiche vegetali è coinvolto nelle interazioni pianta-pianta e pianta-ambiente [1-2], ed i suoi componenti vengono rilasciati nell’ambiente tramite dilavamento fogliare, volatilizzazione o decomposizione residuale [3]. Poiché l’essudato delle parti aeree di Salvia miniata Fernald [4] aveva mostrato in precedenza attività erbicida contro Papaver rhoeas L. ed Avena sativa L. in un test preliminare (totale inibizione della germinazione a 5 mg/L sia su Papaver sia su Avena; LC50 1.05±0.4 mg/L su Papaver e 0.75±0.4 mg/L su Avena) si è proceduto all’isolamento dei componenti di superficie delle parti aeree fresche (1.2 kg) mediante immersione in CH2Cl2 per 20 s. L’essudato (5 g, 0.42% w/w di pianta fresca) è stato estratto con n-esano, fornendo una frazione solubile in esano (0.2 g) ed una insolubile in esano (2.85 g). Ripetute purificazioni cromatografiche del residuo insolubile in esano su Sephadex LH-20 (porzioni da 0.8 g, 53x2.5 cm, miscela eluente CHCl3/ CH3OH 70:30), e su Kieselgel 60 (porzioni da 1 g, 60x2.6 cm, eluite con miscele di n-esano-CHCl3 a polarità crescente) hanno fornito vari gruppi di frazioni, da cui in precedenza erano stati ottenuti diversi nuovi composti [5-7]. Inoltre, sono stati isolati due nuovi diterpeni clerodanici, tramite HPLC-MS e MS2 seguiti da RP-HPLC preparativo (eluenti: A: CH3OH con 0.005% HCOOH, B: H2O con 0.1% HCOOH, gradiente lineare da 30% a 90% di B in 40 min). 1 (22.1 mg) è stato ottenuto al 49% di B (Rt = 19 min). 2 (10.6 mg) è stato ottenuto all’88% di B (Rt = 38 min). Entrambi i composti sono stati identificati tramite spettroscopia UV, IR ed NMR, includendo esperimenti TOCSY, COSY, HSQC, HMBC, ed analisi ESI-TRAP-MS e HR-MS. Riferimenti [1] R.G. Kelsey, G.W. Reynolds, E. Rodriguez In: Rodriguez E, Healey PL, Metha J, eds. Biology and chemistry of plant trichomes. New York: Plenum Press, 1984, 187-241; [2] E. Werker In: Advances in Botanical Research. Vol. 31. San Diego: Academic Press, 2000, 77-111; [3] C.H. Chou In: Allelopathy – A Physiological Process with Ecological Implications, MJ Reigosa, et al. Eds., Springer: Dordrecht, The Nederlands, 2006, 1-10; [4] C. Epling A Revision of Salvia, subgenus Calosphace. In: Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis. Vol.110. Fedde F., University of California Press: Berkley, California, 1940, 292-293; [5] A. Bisio, G. Romussi, E. Russo, S. Cafaggi, D. Fraternale, N. De Tommasi Planta Medica- 7th Joint Meeting of AFERP, ASP, GA, PSE & SIF, 2008, 1041; [6] A. Bisio, G. Romussi, E. Russo, S. Cafaggi, D. Fraternale, D. Ricci, N. De Tommasi XVII Congresso Italo-Latino Americano di Etnomedicina, 2008, 106; [7] Bisio A, Fraternale D, Russo E, Romussi G, Cafaggi S, Caviglioli G, De Tommasi N. 2009. Planta Medica, 57th International Congress of the GA, Geneva, Switzerland, 2009, 75, 105
Profiling specialized metabolites of two Malus domestica Borkh. varieties: In vitro pulp callus culture vs fruit peel and pulp
No full textMalus domestica Borkh. (Rosaceae) comprises different varieties of commercially widespread apples around the world and available on the market all year round. Given their economic and traditional importance, chemical profile of these fruits was thoroughly investigated defining apples as a source of different classes of phytochemicals with interesting biological properties. Enhancing the production of these bioactive molecules by in vitro culture techniques is of great importance for avoiding problems due to their availability, but also to express selectively some metabolites. Based on previous results showing apple pulp callus culture as good source of pentacyclic triterpenic acids, the aim of this work was to investigate the specialized metabolites produced by optimized callus cultures starting from explants of pulp fruits of two apple varieties ('Annurca' and the still unexplored 'Mela Rosa del Montefeltro') compared to those of ripe fruit pulps and peels. LC-MS/MS analyses of fruit and callus hydroalcoholic extracts allowed the identification of 72 compounds, including hydroxycinnamic acids, catechins, flavonoids, and triterpenes. The qualitative profile of peels and pulps were very similar, while differences were observed in the callus extracts. Pulps were rich in phenols including phlorizin, catechin, and procyanidins; peels contained both phenols and triterpenic acids while callus extracts were characterized only by highly produced triterpenic acids, some of which were not found in the fruits. In conclusion, this study sheds light on how cell plant culture can be considered as an alternative system for producing specialized metabolites
Essential oil composition of Angelica archangelica L. (Apiaceae) roots and its antifungal activity against plant pathogenic fungi
No full textThe present study reports the results of Gas Chromatographic-Mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analyses of Angelica archangelica L. (Apiaceae) roots essential oil, as well as its in vitro antifungal activity against ten plant pathogenic fungi. Moreover, the essential oil was evaluated for its antifungal activity using the agar dilution method, and also MICs (minimum inhibithory concentrations) and MFCs (minimum fungicidal concentrations) were determined. The major compounds identified by GC-MS were α-pinene (21.3%), δ-3-carene(16.5%), limonene (16.4%) and α-phellandrene (8.7%). The oil showed in vitro antifungal activity against some species of the Fusarium genus, Botrytis cinerea, and Alternaria solani. Our study indicates that the oil of A. archangelica could be used as a control agent for plant pathogenic fungi in natural formulations
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