951 research outputs found
Gustav Bergmann, New Foundations of Ontology
No full textThe formal ontology here presented is what we might call a typed combinatorial Meinongian mereology. Its author seeks to formulate the laws, here called ‘canons’, regulating how entities can combine together in wholes of different sorts. The method, as in Bergmann’s earlier works, involves the construction of an ideal language of such a sort that the analysis of complex wholes can be achieved by transforming our natural-language representations of reality into what we might think of as artificial characteristic maps or diagrams which allow the relevant ontological structures to be read off immediately from the symbolic representations which results. In former works Bergmann had held that the symbolic language of Principia Mathematica could serve as the appropriate diagrammatic device for the standard first-order functional calculus and develops instead a new sort diagrammatic languag
Testing Mechanisms of Bergmann's Rule: Phenotypic Decline but No Genetic Change in Body Size in Three Testing Mechanisms of Bergmann's Rule: Phenotypic Decline but No Genetic Change in Body Size in Three Passerine Bird Populations
No full textJSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. abstract: Bergmann's rule predicts a decrease in body size with increasing temperature and has much empirical support. Surprisingly, we know very little about whether "Bergmann size clines" are due to a genetic response or are a consequence of phenotypic plasticity. Here, we use data on body size (mass and tarsus length) from three long-term ) study populations of great tits (Parus major) that experienced a temperature increase to examine mechanisms behind Bergmann's rule. We show that adult body mass decreased over the study period in all populations and that tarsus length increased in one population. Both body mass and tarsus length were heritable and under weak positive directional selection, predicting an increase, rather than a decrease, in body mass. There was no support for microevolutionary change, and thus the observed declines in body mass were likely a result of phenotypic plasticity. Interestingly, this plasticity was not in direct response to temperature changes but seemed to be due to changes in prey dynamics. Our results caution against interpreting recent phenotypic body size declines as adaptive evolutionary responses to temperature changes and highlight the importance of considering alternative environmental factors when testing size clines. The University of Chicago Press an
Molecular dynamics in a grand ensemble: Bergmann-Lebowitz model and adaptive resolution simulation
No full textThis article deals with the molecular dynamics simulation of open systems that can exchange energy and matter with a reservoir; the physics of the reservoir and its interactions with the system are described by the model introduced by Bergmann and Lebowitz (P G Bergmann and J L Lebowitz 1955 Phys. Rev. 99 578). Despite its conceptual appeal, the model did not gain popularity in the field of molecular simulation and, as a consequence, did not play a role in the development of open system molecular simulation techniques, even though it can provide the conceptual legitimation of simulation techniques that mimic open systems. We shall demonstrate that the model can serve as a tool in devising both numerical procedures and conceptual definitions of physical quantities that cannot be defined in a straightforward way by systems with a fixed number of molecules. In particular, we discuss the utility of the Bergmann-Lebowitz (BL) model for the calculation of equilibrium time correlation functions within the grand canonical adaptive resolution method (GC-AdResS) and report numerical results for the case of liquid water.Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG); Heisenberg grant [DE 1140/5-2]; DFG grant [DE 1140/7-1]; National High Technology Research and Development Program of China [2015AA011201]; North German Supercomputing Alliance (HLRN) [bec00100]; Heisenberg grant; [CRC 1114]SCI(E)[email protected]
Book review: Religion in the Anthropocene, edited by Celia Deane-Drummond, Sigurd Bergmann and Markus Vogt. Eugen, OR.: Cascade Books, 2017. 338pp. ISBN 978-1-4982-9191-0
No full textThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Paternoster Periodicals via the link in this recordBook review of Celia Deane-Drummond, Sigurd Bergmann and Markus Vogt (eds), Religion in the Anthropocene
Eugen, OR.: Cascade Books, 2017. 338pp. ISBN 978-1-4982-9191-0
Energy momentum distributions of monopole metric in teleparallel gravity
No full text32nd International Physics Congress of Turkish-Physical-Society (TPS) -- SEP 06-09, 2016 -- Bodrum, TURKEYIn this study, we investigate energy and momentum distributions of Monopole metric. For this purpose, we have used Einstein, Bergmann-Thomson and Landau-Lifshitz energy and momentum densities in Teleparallel Gravity (TG). We obtained that: (i) The solutions of Einstein and Bergmann-Thomson energy and momentum distributions give the same results but Landau-Lifshitz energy distribution does not provide same results in TG. (ii) The momentum densities of Einstein, Bergmann-Thomson and Landau-Lifshitz are vanish in TG for monopole metric. (hi) The obtained energy-momentum solutions are different from the earlier results in General Relativity (GR).Turkish Phys So
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Der ungerechte Austauschvertrag ::die Rechtsfolgen anfänglicher Äquivalenzstörungen am Beispiel des Grundstückskaufvertrages : ein Korrekturversuch auf rechtsvergleichender Grundlage /
No full textRobert Leo Bergmann examines the handling of contracts with a severe initial equivalency disorder. He is based on the assumption that the legal consequences currently in force under German law do not represent a solution to the problem that is in line with interests. A comparative legal analysis shows that German law and its mandatory total nullity are isolated in Europe. On this basis, the author is looking for a new solution that does justice to both party interests and the interests of the general public. Finally, he checks whether and how the solution found can be integrated into the existing German legal system. Existing suggestions for correction of the absolute nullity stipulated in §138BGB from jurisprudence and literature are also considered and subjected to a critical assessment. -- publisher's websit
The dynamics of single spike-evoked adenosine release in the cerebellum
No full textThe purine adenosine is a potent neuromodulator in the brain, with roles in a number
of diverse physiological and pathological processes. Modulators such as adenosine are difficult
to study as once released they have a diffuse action (which can affect many neurones) and,
unlike classical neurotransmitters, have no inotropic receptors. Thus rapid postsynaptic currents
(PSCs) mediated by adenosine (equivalent to mPSCs) are not available for study. As a result
the mechanisms and properties of adenosine release still remain relatively unclear. We have
studied adenosine release evoked by stimulating the parallel fibres in the cerebellum. Using
adenosine biosensors combined with deconvolution analysis and mathematical modelling, we
have characterised the release dynamics and diffusion of adenosine in unprecedented detail.
By partially blocking K+ channels, we were able to release adenosine in response to a single
stimulus rather than a train of stimuli. This allowed reliable sub-second release of reproducible
quantities of adenosine with stereotypic concentration waveforms that agreed well with predictions
of a mathematical model of purine diffusion. We found no evidence for ATP release
and thus suggest that adenosine is directly released in response to parallel fibre firing and does
not arise from extracellular ATP metabolism. Adenosine release events showed novel short-term
dynamics, including facilitated release with paired stimuli at millisecond stimulation intervals
but depletion-recovery dynamics with paired stimuli delivered over minute time scales. These
results demonstrate rich dynamics for adenosine release that are placed, for the first time, on a
quantitative footing and show strong similarity with vesicular exocytosis
Familiengeschichte 1802-1918
No full textThe memoir starts with poems by the author Else Bergmann. Recollections of the Taussig, Engel and Fanta family history during the 19th century. Her ancestors came from the small Bohemean towns of Raudnitz, Libochowitz and Budin. Anecdotes of family life. Family gatherings at famous bakeries and coffee houses in Prague. Description of her mother Berta's childhood in Libochowitz and Prague. Engagement of her parents. Description of German-Jewish intellectual life in Prague at the beginning of the 20th century. Concentrates mainly on Else Bergmann's mother, Berta Fanta, who organized a literary and philosophical circle, to which Franz Kafka, Max Brod, Albert Einstein, Hugo Bergmann, Franz Werfel and others belonged. Her mother's sister Ida Freund was a painter who was engaged in various welfare institutions and founded an association for female artists in Prague. Her mother's cousin Olga Taussig was married to the poet Hugo Salus. Ida Freund and Berta Fanta were members of the feminist association "Frauenfortschritt", where they held lectures and invited speakers. Reflections on her mother's veneration for Nietzsche and the liberal education in her home. Else's mother enrolled as an extern at university and became a dedicated student of philosophy. She was a member of the philosophic circle around Professor Marty at the "Cafe Louvre". Recollections of summer vacations and bicycle tours with her family. Encounters of antisemitism in the countryside. Welfare activities. Encounter with the theosophic movement of Rudolf Steiner. Marriage of Else and Hugo Bergmann. Outbreak of World War One. Berta Fanta worked as a nurse at the front, where she contracted a kidney disease. Hugo Bergmann became engaged in the Zionist movement and planned his emigration to Palestine. He even inspired his mother-in-law Berta, who thought of preparing herself for Aliyah. Sudden death of Berta Fanta in 1918.The memoir contains eulogies for Else Bergmann's mother, Berta Fanta, by Felix Weltsch, Oskar Baum, and Max Brod; Dec. 1918LBI Jerusalem, February 1962Folder 1: Memoir by Else BergmannFolder 2: Eulogies for Berta FantaThe memoir allegedly contains fragments of her mother's diary, poems by Else Bergmann and an obituary for Berta Fanta by Professor Gerhard Kondski from the Prague German University.Else Bergmann, nee Fanta, was the descendant of an enlightened Jewish family and the daughter of Berta Fanta, saloniere of a famous literary circle in Prague. Her father Max Fanta was the owner of a well-established pharmacy in Prague. Else Bergmann was the first wife of Hugo Bergmann. In 1920 she emigrated to Palestine.Brief summary in Max Kreutzberger: "Leo Baeck Institute New York, Bibliothek und Archiv; Katalog": C32Memoir microfilm reel # 8, 96Amann, Paul, 1884-1958Bolzano, Bernhard 1781-1848Bretano, Franz, 1838-1917Einstein, Albert, 1879-1955Engel, familyFanta, familyKafka, Franz, 1883-1924Mautner, FritzMueller, Ernst, 1880-1947Pollak, Oskar, 1894-1963Salus, Hugo, 1866-1929Steiner, Rudolf, 1861-1925Taussig, LazarTaussig, familyWerfel, Franz, 1890-1945Winternitz, ProfessorBudinLibochowitzRaudnitzCzechoslovakiaAustro-Hungarian EmpireDomestic Life, 20th centuryEmigration and immigration, 1871-1933, PalestineFrauenfortschrittGenealogyLiteraturePhilosophyPoemsProfessions and occupations, authorsProfessions and occupations, merchantsProfessions and occupations, pharmacistsProfessions and occupations, philosophersPublic welfareWomen, associationsWomen, educationWomen, organization
"Den gamla goda tiden" – en dikt om tystnad
No full textSven Arne Bergmann, "The Good Old Days": a poem about silence. Fröding's "Den gamla goda tiden" (The Good Old Days) has long attracted critical attention as the most successful of his "political poems". Presented as an 18th-century story of a foundry proprietor's brutality towards his workers, it was hesitatingly received in 1894 as a subversive statement by a member of the ruling class. Later adopted as a Socialist classic, Dggt survives today mainly on the merits of its poetical craftsmanship. In this paper, the author argues that the relevance of Dggt is less dependent on a sense of Socialist commitment than has been commonly accepted. If its theme is understood less in terms of collective solidarity than of individual conscience, an intrinsic structural polarity emerges revealing an ironic strategy of unsuspected subtlety. To make his reading persuasive the author enlists the support of critics and theorists like Burke, Lotman, and Riffaterre. By way of preparation, some formative principles are considered: allegory vs. realism, metaphor vs. metonymy. On the assumption that Fröding tends towards realism and metonymy in this poem, his use of nostalgic presuppositions and romantic metaphors acquires special interest as poetic strategies of irony. Starting from a close study in Lotman's terms of how contrasting rhythms and onomatopoeia create a metonymic basis for imaginative participation in the drudgery of cruelly exploited foundry workers, the author goes on to an examination of the poem as "symbolic action" (Burke). This leads to the conclusion that the "scene" remains empty, since there is no "agent" present to accept responsibility. A Riffaterrian search for the poem's matrix is started from a "model" extracted from the introductory imagery of the silent, starry sky and the sleeping forest in the background. By way of a deconstruction of the alleged "silence" of the ill-treated workers, the search arrives at indifference as the key concept of the poem. The title, long recognised as an ironic statement of nostalgia, was added as an afterthought. Yet, on closer inspection, both the initial and the final stanzas can be shown to contain ironic elements in the form of concealed references and an anonymous quotation voicing the views of a society totally lacking in compassion. By this means, the poet, far from openly distancing himself from his forefathers or his contemporaries in the manner of the political battle song, challenges the reader to enter the vacant position of "agent" in the "symbolic action" of the poem
A Microsimulation of the Macroeconomy with Explicitly Represented Money Flows
No full textAnnals of Economic and Social Measurement, Volume 3, number
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