888 research outputs found
Come fare tipologia con categorie non tradizionali?
No full textL’articolo affronta una questione metodologica finora poco discussa all’interno degli studi di tipologia, ovvero come fare ricerca tipologica quando il fenomeno che ci si propone di studiare non fa parte della descrizione grammaticale tradizionale. La riflessione su questo tema nasce all’interno del progetto universaLIST, che mira a investigare le caratteristiche formali e funzionali delle ‘costruzioni a lista’ (Masini, Mauri & Pietrandrea 2018) nelle lingue del mondo. Il fenomeno ‘lista’ come qui inteso è, infatti, di difficile investigazione a livello tipologico, trattandosi di un concetto ‘non tradizionale’ e complesso, poiché trasversale rispetto ai tradizionali livelli di analisi. Nell’articolo proponiamo un metodo d’indagine multi-livello che affianca la ricerca tipologica classica basata sulle grammatiche esistenti con analisi più mirate basate su corpora di piccole e grandi dimensioni, consentendo così di massimizzare la possibilità di identificare pattern rilevanti e di individuare interessanti parallelismi tra lingue tipologicamente e genealogicamente distanti
Chapter 4. Category-building lists between grammar and interaction
No full textLists are one of the most common devices that are used in interaction to refer to a category. Yet, there are only few studies that analyze the relationship between lists and categorization. Our paper aims at advancing our knowledge of this relationship, and of lists in general. From a theoretical point of view, we discuss the benefits of integrating the Construction Grammar approach to lists adopted in Masini et al. (2018) with some of the basic assumptions of Interactional Linguistics. From an empirical point of view, we offer a qualitative analysis of lists based on data from two corpora of spoken Italian: the LIP corpus (De Mauro et al. 1993) and the KIParla corpus (Mauri et al. 2019a). In particular, we discuss a case study on the use of the Italian discourse marker insomma within list constructions: while it serves as a reformulation marker in most of its uses, insomma also proves to be used (more marginally) as a category introducer within category-building lists. Our findings provide useful insight to ultimately bridge the gap between denotation lists as a reference-oriented phenomenon and other types of mechanisms that are relevant at the discourse level, including conversational repair
Posizionamento del sé e rappresentazione dell’Altro nel discorso: una prospettiva interculturale
No full textLo studio presentato in questo capitolo presenta e commenta alcune particolari strategie linguistiche che i parlanti usano nel discorso per categorizzare gli altri e, al contempo, per affermare le proprie identità locali rispetto a quelle stesse categorie. Si parla in questi casi di atti di posizionamento: chi parla propone alcune categorie – che, per definizione, includono alcune persone e ne escludono altre (alto/basso, amico/conoscente/estraneo, ecc.) – e si posiziona rispetto a esse sottolineando la propria appartenenza a un gruppo e non agli altri.
Questo fenomeno è noto per quanto riguarda gruppi sociali ben riconoscibili e in qualche modo convenzionalizzati (Davies, Harré 1990; Van Langenhove, Harré 2010). Si sa ad esempio che, anche quando stanno parlando di altro, le persone fanno spesso esplicito o implicito riferimento a categorie umane specifiche (“gli italiani”, “i filosofi”, “le madri”, ecc.) per comunicare a chi li ascolta a quali gruppi (non) appartengono e quindi quali identità riconoscono a se stessi. Rispetto a queste, le strategie di posizionamento su cui ci concentriamo nelle pagine seguenti hanno una peculiarità: si basano su categorie per cui la lingua non dispone di mezzi lessicali precostituiti, ma che vengono create dal parlante ad hoc attraverso particolari formulazioni linguistiche riconducibili a due diverse tipologie. In un primo momento, ci concentriamo su quella che abbiamo chiamato la prospettiva “di costruzione incrementale”, in cui la definizione della categoria sociale ad hoc necessaria al posizionamento viene co-costruita dai partecipanti all’interazione (§3.4). Dopodiché tratteremo il fenomeno della “costruzione lessicale di categorie sociali”, secondo cui il parlante, per creare una categoria sociale instabile (o, ad hoc, appunto), propone un’etichetta linguistica “nuova”avvalendosi di processi morfologici di tipo derivazionale (§3.5). Infine, nella discussione generale e nelle conclusioni (§3.6), riprenderemo insieme le due strategie e commenteremo il ruolo che ciascuna svolge in riferimento al posizionamento identitario
Linguistica
No full textLa Serie Linguistica di Caissa Italia ospita manuali, curatele e monografie di ricerca nel campo della linguistica generale, teorica e applicata. I volumi sono sottoposti alla valutazione del Comitato Scientifico o di referee esterni esperti del settore. Comitato Scientifico: Roberta D'Alessandro (Università di Leiden); Mara Frascarelli (Università di Roma Tre); Nicola Grandi (Università di Bologna); Maria Grossmann (Università dell'Aquila); Claudio Iacobini (Università di Salerno); Gabriele Iannàccaro (Università di Milano-Bicocca); Alessandro Lenci (Università di Pisa); Francesca Masini (Università di Bologna); Caterina Mauri (Università di Bologna); Anna Maria Thornton (Università dell'Aquila)
Questione di stile. L’espressione analitica della maniera indessicale
No full textThis contribution aims to explore the semantic and structural properties of the construction [stile N], an analytical construction that is taking hold in contemporary Italian to express manner starting from nouns. The word stile “style” followed by a nominal often appears within prepositional phrases (e.g. in puro stile McDonald “in pure McDonald style”), but in this work we focus on the occurrences in which stile is juxtaposed to the head it modifies, without the intermediation of the preposition (e.g. musica di sottofondo stile piano-bar “piano-bar-style background music”). Based on examples extracted from the corpus of written Italian coris, we show how these uses are regulated by a series of formal and functional properties, which lead us to analyze this pattern in terms of Construction Grammar. Great attention is devoted to the inherently indexical semantics of this construction, the interpretation of which largely depends on context and shared knowledge. To conclude, some analytical constructions competing with [stile N] are briefly discussed, illustrating their different distribution and proposing some explanatory hypotheses to be answered through new dedicated and wide-ranging research
Diversity, discourse, diachrony: A converging evidence methodology for grammar emergence
No full textHow grammar emerges is one of the most fascinating questions that linguistics faces. How grammar emerges from usage, and in particular from spontaneous speech, is not just fascinating but also challenging. Not only because of the inherent complexity of spoken language, but also because evidence from spoken data is harder to collect and to analyse, in both intra-linguistic and typological perspective.
The aim of this paper is to show how an integrated methodology, combining Discourse
analysis with cross-linguistic Diversity and/or Diachrony (what we will call here “3D”
methodology), may lead to a unified account that is highly beneficial to capture the mechanisms
of grammar emergence.
After providing the theoretical background for a converging evidence methodology and highlighting the advantages of a Construction Grammar approach for dealing with the emergence of grammar, we will discuss three case studies that exemplify our point in slightly different but integrated ways, namely: (i) disjunctive and non-exhaustive connectives; (ii) pseudo-coordination; and (iii) repetition and reduplication, addressed here as two manifestations of the same phenomenon, viz. replication.
These three case-studies are kept together by the fact of being ‘staged’ within a linguistic pattern
that is typically associated with spontaneous speech, namely lists. Indeed, lists are eventually regarded as a privileged locus of grammaticalization, or, more in general, ‘constructionalization’, intended as the process that establishes new form-meaning pairings
Qui sont les Dii mauri ?
No full textThe author reviews the various but rare interpretations of the divine collectivity referred to by the name of Dii Mauri. From a re-examination of the literary or epigraphic mentions of the 50 specifically African local or regional divinities, and of the 20 dedications to the Dii Mauri known to this day, he believes he can propose the relationship, even the identity, between the local gods and the Dii Mauri. The comparison between the authors of the dedications shows that the worship of the local gods principally concerned « civilians » (82,5 %), whereas the Dii Mauri were invoked by governors, imperial procurators, soldiers (81,25 %). Moreover the Dii Mauri are invoked as often in Numidia and in Africa as in Caesarian Mauretania (they are unknown in Tingitana). Therefore the term of "maurus" is not linked to the Roman administrative carving, it applies to what is rebellious to Latin culture, to what is specifically native and unassimilable. Dii Mauri and African gods are the same divinities, only the dedicators change.The author reviews the various but rare interpretations of the divine collectivity referred to by the name of Dii Mauri. From a re-examination of the literary or epigraphic mentions of the 50 specifically African local or regional divinities, and of the 20 dedications to the Dii Mauri known to this day, he believes he can propose the relationship, even the identity, between the local gods and the Dii Mauri. The comparison between the authors of the dedications shows that the worship of the local gods principally concerned « civilians » (82,5 %), whereas the Dii Mauri were invoked by governors, imperial procurators, soldiers (81,25 %). Moreover the Dii Mauri are invoked as often in Numidia and in Africa as in Caesarian Mauretania (they are unknown in Tingitana). Therefore the term of "maurus" is not linked to the Roman administrative carving, it applies to what is rebellious to Latin culture, to what is specifically native and unassimilable. Dii Mauri and African gods are the same divinities, only the dedicators change.Camps Gabriel. Qui sont les Dii mauri ?. In: Antiquités africaines, 26,1990. pp. 131-153
CLUB Working Papers in Linguistics
No full textCon questo volume, la collana "CLUB Working Papers in Linguistics" giunge al suo terzo anno di vita, e presenta ancora una volta, con 18 contributi in formato open access, i risultati dello scambio di idee e di prospettive che si è sviluppato attraverso i vari incontri organizzati dal CLUB nell’a.a. 2017–18. Il volume, che ospita anche i risultati del CLUB DAY su "Tipologia e diacronia: alla ricerca di sinergie", contiene saggi a firma di Fabio Ardolino, Silvia Ballarè, Alessandra Barotto, Chiara Calderone, Sonia Cristofaro, Ilaria Fiorentini, Fernando Giacinti (vincitore del premio CLUB ‘Una tesi in linguistica’ per l’anno 2018), Chiara Gianollo, Eugenio Goria, Nicola Grandi, Pierre Larrivée, Pauline Levillain, Edoardo Lombardi Vallauri, Elisabetta Magni, Yahis Martari, Francesca Masini, Simone Mattiola, Caterina Mauri, Marco Mazzoleni, Maria Napoli
Multi-layered indexicality: When proper names become categories
No full textProper names (PNs) are at the core of several long-standing inquiries in linguistics, revolving around their status as items with referential value but no sense, their formation and morphosyntax, and their change into common names in diachrony. Less attention has been devoted to PNs used synchronically and creatively to convey a property that is deemed typical of their referent, a mechanism related to what has been identified in the literature as ‘descriptive backing’ or ‘category extension’. In this paper, we offer an overview of the unexpectedly numerous morphological and syntactic environments where PNs may be employed to indicate ‘categories’ in discourse, based on naturally occurring Italian data from spoken and written corpora and the web (e.g., Ecco come Johnson non trumpeggia troppo contro Huawei sul 5G ‘Here is how Johnson doesn’t ‘trump’ too much against Huawei on 5G’; Democrazia in pericolo se arriva il Trump di turno ‘Democracy in danger if some Trump arrives’). We propose a unified mechanism for the interpretation of all these cases (irrespective of their structural level) called ‘multi-layered indexicality’, namely indexicality implying multiple variables, connected at different layers of meaning, that act simultaneously to explain how these expressions acquire a symbolic ‘ad hoc’ meaning from a purely indexical one
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