1,151 research outputs found
Developing elite Neurospora crassa strains for cellulosic ethanol production using fungal breeding
No full textThe demand for renewable and sustainable energy has generated considerable interest in the conversion of cellulosic biomass into liquid fuels such as ethanol using a filamentous fungus. While attempts have been made to study cellulose metabolism through the use of knockout mutants, there have been no systematic effort to characterize natural variation for cellulose metabolism in ecotypes adapted to different habitats. Here, we characterized natural variation in saccharification of cellulose and fermentation in 73 ecotypes and 89 laboratory strains of the model fungus Neurospora crassa. We observed significant variation in both traits among natural and laboratory generated populations, with some elite strains performing better than the reference strain. In the F1 population N345, 15% of the population outperformed both parents with the top performing strain having 10% improvement in ethanol production. These results suggest that natural alleles can be exploited through fungal breeding for developing elite industrial strains for bioethanol production.Peer reviewe
A Pleasant conceited Comedie : Wherein is shewed how a man may chuse a good Wife from a bad. /
No full textLabel pasted on front end-paper reads: ... How a man may choose a good wife from a bad. Date of the earliest known edition, c. 1602 Reproduced in facsimile [Tudor facsimile texts] 1912.A ms. note on t.-p. ascribes the play to Joshua Cooke. "Joshua" may or may not be a mistaken reading of Jo. (i. e. John) Cooke. cf. Pref., Tudor facsimile texts.Mode of access: Internet
Adapting authoritarianism: institutions and co-optation in Egypt and Syria
No full textThis PhD thesis compares Egypt and Syria’s authoritarian political systems. While the tendency in social science political research treats Egypt and Syria as similarly authoritarian, this research emphasizes differences between the two systems with special reference to institutions and co-optation. Rather than reducibly understanding Egypt and Syria as sharing similar histories, institutional arrangements, or ascribing to the oft-repeated convention that “Syria is Egypt but 10 years behind,” this thesis focuses on how events and individual histories shaped each states current institutional strengthens and weaknesses. Specifically, it explains the how varying institutional politicization or de-politicization affects each state’s capabilities for co-opting elite and non-elite individuals.
Beginning with a theoretical framework that considers the limited utility of democratization and transition theoretical approaches, the work underscores the persistence and durability of authoritarianism. Chapter two details the politicized institutional divergence between Egypt and Syria that began in the 1970s. Chapter three and four examines how institutional politicization or de-politicization affects elite and non-elite individual co-optation in Egypt and Syria. Chapter five discusses the study’s general conclusions and theoretical implications.
This thesis’s argument is that Egypt and Syria co-opt elites and non-elites differently because of the varying degrees of institutional politicization in each governance system. Rather than view one country as more politically developed than the other, this work argues that Syria’s political institutions are more politicized than their Egyptian counterparts. Syria’s political arena is, thus, described as politicized-patrimonialism. Syria’s politicized-patrimonial arena produces uneven co-optation of elites and non-elites as they are diffused through competing institutions. Conversely, the Egyptian political arena remains highly personalized as weak institutions and individuals are manipulated and molded according to the president’s ruling clique. This is referred to as personalized-patrimonialism. As a consequence, Egypt’s political establishment demonstrates more flexibility in ad hoc altering and adapting its arena depending on the emergence of crises.
This study’s theoretical implications suggest that, contrary to modernization and democratization theory’s adage that institutions lead to a political development, politicized institutions within a patrimonial order actually hinder regime adaptation because consensus is harder to achieve and maintain. It is within this context that Egypt’s de-politicized institutional framework advantages its top political elite. In this reading of Egyptian and Syrian politics, Egypt’s personalized political arena is more adaptable than Syria’s. These conclusions do not indicate that political reform is a process underway in either state
Annotated checklist of the spiders of Saint Helena, with new records, descriptions of unknown sexes, new and restored genera, and two new species (Araneae: Araneomorphae)
No full textAn annotated checklist and taxonomic review of the spiders of Saint Helena is presented. A total of 88 genera and 114 species are known; of these, 12 genera and 45 species are endemic. Two new genera and two new species are described: Anapistula martinae Sherwood, Harvey, Fowler, Joshua, Stevens, Scipio O Dean & Ellick sp. nov., Helenidion Sherwood, Marusik, Fowler, Stevens & Joshua gen. nov., Ischnothyreus christyjoae Sherwood, Henrard, Peters, Stevens & Fowler sp. nov., and Trust Sherwood, Marusik, Wilkins, P. Ashmole & M. Ashmole gen. nov. Three new combinations are proposed: Helenidion sciaphilum (Benoit, 1977) comb. nov. (type species), Helenidion huberti (Benoit, 1977) comb. nov., and Zelotes funereus (Dalmas, 1921) comb. nov. Lepthyphantes albimaculatus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873) (Linyphiidae) is synonymized with Lepthyphantes leprosus (Ohlert, 1865) syn. nov. Lynxosa Roewer, 1960 gen. rest. is restored to house the lycosids L. inexorabilis (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1870) comb. rest., L. ligata (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1870) comb. rest., L. nefasta (Tongiorgi, 1977) comb. nov., and L. veseyensis (Sherwood, Henrard, Logunov & Fowler, 2023) comb. nov. The previously undescribed sexes of Benoitodes sanctaehelenae (Strand, 1909) (Gnaphosidae), Hahnia laticeps Simon, 1898 (Hahniidae), Helenactyna crucifera (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873) (Dictynidae, first known male for the genus), Paraheliophanus napoleon Clark & Benoit, 1977 (Salticidae), and Trust solium (Benoit, 1977) comb. nov. (Theridiidae) are described. Bonapruncinia sanctaehelenae Benoit, 1977, originally described from juveniles, is supplemented with a first description of the adult female. Lectotypes and paralectotypes are designated for the salticid species Paraheliophanus subinstructus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873) and Pellenes inexcultus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873). Seven species are newly recorded from the island: Clubiona hitchinsi Saaristo, 2002 (Clubionidae), Latrodectus renivulvatus Dahl, 1902 (Theridiidae), Micropholcus fauroti (Simon, 1887) (Pholcidae), Oecobius marathaus Tikader, 1962 (Oecobiidae), Steatoda nobilis (Thorell, 1875) (Theridiidae), Theridion melanostictum O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1876 (Theridiidae), and Theridion proximum Lawrence, 1964 (Theridiidae). Epigynal duplication, a rare anomaly in spiders, is reported for the prodidomid Zimirina relegata Cooke, 1977
Joshua Scottow (c.1618–1698)
No full textJoshua Scottow was a colonial American merchant and the author of two histories of early New England: OLD MEN’S TEARS FOR THEIR OWN DECLENSIONS (1691) and A NARRATIVE OF THE PLANTING OF THE MASSACHUSETTS COLONY ANNO 1628 (1694). This article contains a brief biography, a critical appraisal, and bibliography of references. Scottow settled in Boston where he was a member of the Old (South) Church. He traded with Acadia (Quebec), developed frontier settlements near Scarborough (Maine), and served as a captain in King Philip’s War. Scottow was a devout supporter of the orthodox New England theocracy. His two histories are unparalleled examples (by a layman) of the jeremiad form that figured largely in the development of New England mythology and American public language. The histories celebrate the unanimity of the founding generation and offer a vision of providential design as the basis for a reconstituted communal enterprise in New England. Scottow’s prose uses biblical typology and exegesis that, when applied to New England, provide a system of future assurances of its spiritual destiny. The works are important examples of the evolution of the New England Puritan jeremiad, as discussed by Perry Miller and Sacvan Bercovitch; Scottow’s title even provides the term for Miller’s famous “declension thesis.” Scottows works both quote the English metaphysical poet George Herbert, although in a manner and context that reverses Herbert’s original meaning. Scottow is also credited with translating a 1565 work by Guy de Brès against the Anabaptists or Quakers, known variously as JOHANNES BECOLDUS REDIVIVUS (1659) and THE RISE, SPRING AND FOUNDATION OF THE ANABAPTISTS, OR RE-BAPTIZED OF OUR TIME (1668). Length = 1200 words
Correction: Relationship between serum osteocalcin/undercarboxylated osteocalcin and type 2 diabetes: A systematic review/meta-analysis study protocol
No full textThe affiliations for the third author, Joshua R Lewis, were incomplete in the previous version of this manuscript..
PLATE 5 in Phylogeny and systematics of the leafhopper subfamily Ledrinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) 2186
No full textPLATE 5. Taxa in analysis, dorsal aspect. A. Xerophloeini: Xerophloea viridis (Fabricius), #JRJ_Led1_215, ♀. B–E, Unplaced taxa removed from Ledrinae. B. Bascarrhinus platypoides Fowler, #JRJ_Led1_010, ♀. C. Betsileonas marmorata (Blanchard), #JRJ_Led1_022, (abdomen missing). D. Cololedra declivata Evans, #JRJ_Led1_270, (abdomen missing). E. Platyhynna bdellostoma (Berg), #JRJ_Led1_274, ♂. F–G, Stenocotini. F. Stenocotis depressa (Walker), #JRJ_Led1_221, ♂. G. Ledromorpha planirostris (Donovan), #JRJ_Led1_084, ♀. H–I, Thymbrini. H. Macroceps fasciatus Signoret, #JRJ_Led1_265, ♀. I. Thymbris convivus (Stål), #JRJ_Led1_209, ♂. J. Scarini: Clinonana mirabilis (Spångberg), #JRJ_Led1_030, ♂. K. Ulopini: Stenoledra decorsei Evans, #JRJ_Led1_169, ♀. L. Tartessini: Brunotartessus fulvus (Walker), JRJ_Led1_424, ♀. L. Bars = 5 mm.Published as part of Jones, Joshua R. & Deitz, Lewis L., 2009, Phylogeny and systematics of the leafhopper subfamily Ledrinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) 2186, pp. 1-120 in Zootaxa 2186 (1) on page 106, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2186.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/531159
The Nebraska Bird Review, Volume 87 September 2019 Number 3
No full textSummer Field Report, June - July 2019, by W. Ross Silcock …74-95
2018 (30th) Report of the NOU Records Committee, by Mark A. Brogie … 96-109
New Wilson\u27s Phalarope Nesting Record from the Central Platte River Valley, Mormon Island, Hall County, Nebraska by Andrew J. Caven, Bethany Ostrom, Aurora Fowler, Joshua D. Wiese, Kelsey C. King …110-114
Subscription and Organization Information …11
Effect of changes in testing parameters on the cost-effectiveness of two pooled test methods to classify infection status of animals in a herd
No full textMonte Carlo simulation was used to determine optimal fecal pool sizes for identification of all Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP)-infected cows in a dairy herd. Two pooling protocols were compared: a halving protocol involving a single retest of negative pools followed by halving of positive pools and a simple protocol involving single retest of negative pools but no halving of positive pools. For both protocols, all component samples in positive pools were then tested individually. In the simulations, the distributions of number of tests required to classify all individuals in an infected herd were generated for various combinations of prevalence (0.01, 0.05 and 0.1), herd size (300, 1000 and 3000), pool size (5, 10, 20 and 50) and test sensitivity (0.5–0.9). Test specificity was fixed at 1.0 because fecal culture for MAP yields no or rare false-positive results. Optimal performance was determined primarily on the basis of a comparison of the distributions of numbers of tests needed to detect MAP-infected cows using the Mann–Whitney U test statistic. Optimal pool size was independent of both herd size and test characteristics, regardless of protocol. When sensitivity was the same for each pool size, pool sizes of 20 and 10 performed best for both protocols for prevalences of 0.01 and 0.1, respectively, while for prevalences of 0.05, pool sizes of 10 and 20 were optimal for the simple and halving protocols, respectively. When sensitivity decreased with increasing pool size, the results changed for prevalences of 0.05 and 0.1 with pool sizes of 50 being optimal especially at a prevalence of 0.1. Overall, the halving protocol was more cost effective than the simple protocol especially at higher prevalences. For detection of MAP using fecal culture, we recommend use of the halving protocol and pool sizes of 10 or 20 when the prevalence is suspected to range from 0.01 to 0.1 and there is no expected loss of sensitivity with increasing pool size. If loss in sensitivity is expected and the prevalence is thought to be between 0.05 and 0.1, the halving protocol and a pool size of 50 is recommended. Our findings are broadly applicable to other infectious diseases under comparable testing conditions.ID: S0167587710000085; M3: Article; Accession Number: S0167587710000085; Author: Locksley L. McV. Messam (a, b); Author: Joshua M. O’Brien (c); Author: Sharon K. Hietala (d); Author: Ian A. Gardner (e, ⁎); Affiliation: St. Georges University, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, P.O. Box 7, True Blue, St. Georges, Grenada, West Indies; Affiliation: St. Georges University, Office of the Dean, School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 7, True Blue, St. George's, Grenada, West Indies; Affiliation: Center for Animal Disease Modeling and Surveillance, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Affiliation: California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Affiliation: Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Keyword: Cost-effectiveness; Keyword: Pooled testing; Keyword: Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis; Keyword: Retesting; Number of Pages: 11; Language: English
Encyclopaedia heraldica, or, Complete dictionary of heraldry /
No full textEngraved t.-p.s, with vignettes.v.1. Complete dictionary of heraldry. Glover's Ordinary of arms, augm. and improved, with indexes, &c. Mottos of the nobility &c. Appendix, containing baronets of Scotland and Ireland... Supplement to Dictionary of heraldry, and addenda -- v.2. Dictionary of arms of the principal private families in England, Scotland, and Ireland -- v.3. Explanatory plates to the Dictionary of heraldry, orders of knighthood and the arms of subscribersMode of access: Internet.Plates engraved by James Joshua Neele, Josiah Neele, John Walker, James Mutlow, and Oliver; after James Joshua Neele, Josiah Neele, and James Mutlow.BAC : British Art Center copy is bound in 2 vols., in original boards
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