1,577 research outputs found
Parental Substance Abuse and Foster Care: Evidence from Two Methamphetamine Supply Shocks
No full textFoster care caseloads have almost doubled over the last two decades, but the cause of the growth is poorly understood. We study the role of parental methamphetamine (meth) use, which social workers have linked to recent growth in foster care admissions. To mitigate the impact of omitted variable bias, we take advantage of two significant, exogenous supply-side interventions in meth markets in 1995 and 1997, and find robust evidence that meth use has caused growth in foster care caseloads. Further, we identify the mechanisms by which increased meth use caused an increase in foster care caseloads. First, we find that treatment for meth abuse caused foster caseloads to fall in situations where a child was removed because of parental incarceration, suggesting that substance abuse treatment is a substitute for foster care services and more generally an effective demand-side intervention. Secondly, we find that parental meth use causes an increase in both child abuse and child neglect foster care cases. These results suggest that child welfare policies should be designed specifically for the children of meth-using parents.child welfare, illegal drugs, crime
Silver tongues, plastic pens: modality-dependent persuasiveness in narcissists
No full textGrandiose narcissists claim to be highly persuasive, and they possess characteristics (e.g., charisma, confidence) that might make them so. We report four studies that put their claims to the test. One study focused on spoken persuasion and three on written persuasion (N = 872 speakers/writers and 987 targets who rated persuasiveness). In all four studies, narcissistic speakers/writers claimed that their speeches/essays would be persuasive. However, whereas targets rated their speeches as relatively persuasive (Study 1), they rated their essays as relatively unpersuasive (Studies 2A–C). Differences between study samples and methods preclude direct comparisons between communication modalities. Nevertheless, the results offer a proof of concept that narcissists may not be as persuasive as they think they are, especially when writing. (120 words
Child Protection and Adult Crime: Using Investigator Assignment to Estimate Causal Effects of Foster Care
No full textNearly 20% of young prison inmates spent part of their youth in foster care - the placement of abused or neglected children with substitute families. Little is known whether foster care placement reduces or increases the likelihood of criminal behavior. This paper uses the placement frequency of child protection investigators as an instrument to identify causal effects of foster care placement on adult arrest, conviction, and imprisonment rates. A unique dataset that links child abuse investigation data to criminal justice data in Illinois allows a comparison of adult crime outcomes across individuals who were investigated for abuse or neglect as children. Families are effectively randomized to child protection investigators through a rotational assignment process, and child characteristics are similar across investigators. Nevertheless, investigator placement frequencies are predictive of subsequent foster care placement, and the results suggest that school-aged children who are on the margin of placement have lower adult arrest rates when they remain at home.
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
INDIRECT UTILITY FUNCTIONS AND TESTABLE CONDITIONS
No full textWe develop testable hypotheses for utility maximization given risk averse producers based on a general specification of the utility function. This is a direct expansion of the model posed by Pope (1978). Empirical tests using production data with a translog specification indicate that utility maximization does not always hold.Research Methods/ Statistical Methods,
Geologic map of the Dufur area, Wasco County, Oregon
No full textReport -- Plate 1 -- Plate 2 -- Plate 3.Jason D. McClaughry, Heather H. Herinckx, Clark A. Niewendorp, Carlie J.M. Azzopardi, and Joshua A. Hackett.Title from PDF cover (viewed on May 19, 2021).This archived document is maintained by the State Library of Oregon as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Includes bibliographical references.Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in English
The effect of post-exercise rating time on session RPE
No full textThis study evaluated the effect of post-exercise time on session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) following steady-state and interval exercise bouts on a cycle ergometer. Fifteen subjects completed one steady-state ride and four different interval rides. The order of rides was counterbalanced. The steady-state ride was conducted at a workload equal to 90% of VT. The work-to-rest ratios of the interval rides were 1:1, 2:2, and 3:3. The high-intensity component of each interval was 75% of PPO. Heart rate (HR), blood lactate (BLa), and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured during each ride. The sRPE was measured at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 60 minutes and 24 hours after completion of each ride. No significant differences (p ? 0.05) in sRPE were found based on time post-exercise. Significant differences (p < 0.05) in sRPE did exist between the steady-state ride vs. 3:3 ride (3.7 ? 0.2 vs. 6.2 ? 0.1) and the 1:1 ride vs. 3:3 ride (3.9 ? 0.2 vs. 6.2 ? 0.1). Post-exercise time has no meaningful effect on sRPE after steady-state or interval cycling exercise bouts. The sRPE does discriminate between different exercise intensities
Design of a high quality factor spiral inductors in RF MCM-D
No full textThesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2004.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-82).This thesis studies the design and fabrication of spiral inductors for use in Radio Frequency (RF) applications. A design methodology is developed to search an inductor design space efficiently using existing simulation software. The methodology allows designers to specify a desired inductance, total area, and frequency of operation instead of the geometrical parameters required by most design software. An implementation of the methodology that finds devices with optimal quality factor at a given frequency is presented. Several inductor designs are generated using this implementation, and the devices are fabricated in the Draper Laboratory, Inc. Multichip Module-Deposited (MCM-D) process. Simulated characteristics of the devices are verified using experimental measurements, and deviations from predicted performance are discussed.by Joshua Peters.M.Eng
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