4,783 research outputs found
Help-seeking by foster-carers for their 'looked after' children: The role of mental health literacy and treatment attitudes
No full textFactors that influence the help-seeking steps for looked after children with mental health problems were explored within the context of a help-seeking model, as were foster-carers' Mental Health Literacy (MHL) and help-seeking attitudes. Using a cross-sectional and between groups design, data on variables likely to be related to help-seeking by foster-carers were collected from a sample of 113 foster-carers and 108 looked after children within the East of England. Results demonstrated that although foster-carers had high MHL overall, it did not significantly influence the first help-seeking step of ‘problem detection’. More favourable help-seeking attitudes significantly influenced the second help-seeking step of ‘perceived need’ for Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS). The results from the logistic regression analyses found MHL and help-seeking attitudes, in combination with the presence and impact of a mental health problem, and foster-carer education, to be significant predictors of specific help-seeking. Forty-nine per cent of children were found to have an apparent mental health problem and were not receiving a service from CAMHS. As such, both MHL and help-seeking attitudes have important roles to play in facilitating CAMHS use by this population
Does celecoxib potentiate the anticoagulant effect of warfarin? A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial.
No full textConsideration of Interference Correlation Properties in a JD-CDMA Mobile Radio System with Coherent Receiver Antenna Diversity
No full textIn code division multiple access (CDMA) mobile radio systems, both intersymbol interference and multiple access interference arise which can be combatted by using Joint Detection (JD) techniques, to reduce the degradation in performance resulting from time variance, coherent receiver antenna diversity (CRAD) can be used. The application of JD techniques offers the possibility to exploit the knowledge of noise covariances at the receiver. If only intercell (cochannel) interference is considered, the noise covariances in the uplink receiver of a multiple receiver antenna CDMA mobile radio system depend mainly on the directions of arrival (DOAs) of the interfering signals and the receiver antenna placement. Therefore, if the interferer DOAs are known at the base station, these covariances could be estimated. In this thesis, a realistic model of the uplink of a JD CDMA mobile radio system with CRAD is described in which the above mentioned interference cancelling method is used. Simulation results according to this model are given and evaluated.Applied SciencesElectrical EngineeringTelecommunications and Traffic Control Systems Grou
A Flex-Time JD in Canada: New Approaches to the Accessibility of Legal Education
No full textThis article examines accessibility and inclusion in legal education. Responding to the Canadian Bar Association’s call for accessible and innovative legal education in the Futures Report, this study explores the possibilities (and limits) of a Flex Time Juris Doctor (“JD”) program and how such a program might foster further diverse and inclusive learning community for law students.The article situates the debate around more flexible forms of legal education in historical context, highlighting the role part-time legal studies has played in facilitating the entry of outsider groups into the legal profession. While there is not a mid-sized city in the US without part-time law school programs, intentionally designed to accommodate flexible legal education, Canada’s law schools remain premised on full time JD studies. A Flex Time JD responds to a variety of the challenges now facing Canadian legal education, from financial accessibility at a time of significantly rising tuition and law student debt, to the integration of technology enhanced pedagogy. Drawing on the research gathered in Osgoode Hall Law School’s Accessible JD Working Group over the last two years, including surveys of prospective law students, the article canvasses the potential features of a Flex Time legal education program, and barriers to its implementation. The authors conclude that if a Flex Time JD model has the capacity to meet the diversity, family status, ability and financial needs of present and future lawyers, then it has the potential to enhance both the accessibility and quality of legal education
Dairy farmers’ perceptions toward the implementation of on-farm Johne’s disease prevention and control strategies
No full textmplementation of specific management strategies on dairy farms is currently the most effective way to reduce the prevalence of Johne’s disease (JD), an infectious chronic enteritis of ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP). However, dairy farmers often fail to implement recommended strategies. The objective of this study was to assess perceptions of farmers participating in a JD prevention and control program toward recommended practices, and explore factors that influence whether or not a farmer adopts risk-reducing measures for MAP transmission. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 dairy farmers enrolled in a voluntary JD control program in Alberta, Canada. Principles of classical grounded theory were used for participant selection, interviewing, and data analysis. Additionally, demographic data and MAP infection status were collected and analyzed using quantitative questionnaires and the JD control program database. Farmers’ perceptions were distinguished according to 2 main categories: first, their belief in the importance of JD, and second, their belief in recommended JD prevention and control strategies. Based on these categories, farmers were classified into 4 groups: proactivists, disillusionists, deniers, and unconcerned. The first 2 groups believed in the importance of JD, and proactivists and unconcerned believed in proposed JD prevention and control measures. Groups that regarded JD as important had better knowledge about best strategies to reduce MAP transmission and had more JD risk assessments conducted on their farm. Although not quantified, it also appeared that these groups had more JD prevention and control practices in place. However, often JD was not perceived as a problem in the herd and generally farmers did not regard JD control as a “hot topic” in communications with their herd veterinarian and other farmers. Recommendations regarding how to communicate with farmers and motivate various groups of farmers according to their specific perceptions were provided to optimize adoption of JD prevention and control measures and thereby increase success of voluntary JD control programs
Knowledge gaps that hamper prevention and control of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection
No full textIn the last decades, many regional and country‐wide control programmes for Johne's disease (JD ) were developed due to associated economic losses, or because of a possible association with Crohn's disease. These control programmes were often not successful, partly because management protocols were not followed, including the introduction of infected replacement cattle, because tests to identify infected animals were unreliable, and uptake by farmers was not high enough because of a perceived low return on investment. In the absence of a cure or effective commercial vaccines, control of JD is currently primarily based on herd management strategies to avoid infection of cattle and restrict within‐farm and farm‐to‐farm transmission. Although JD control programmes have been implemented in most developed countries, lessons learned from JD prevention and control programmes are underreported. Also, JD control programmes are typically evaluated in a limited number of herds and the duration of the study is less than 5 year, making it difficult to adequately assess the efficacy of control programmes. In this manuscript, we identify the most important gaps in knowledge hampering JD prevention and control programmes, including vaccination and diagnostics. Secondly, we discuss directions that research should take to address those knowledge gaps
Evaluation of an alternative method of herd classification for infection with paratuberculosis in cattle herds in the United States
No full textObjective - To develop a better system for classification of herd infection status for paratuberculosis (Johne's disease JD]) in US cattle herds on the basis of the risk of potential transmission of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratubeculosis. Sample - Simulated data for herd size and within-herd prevalence; sensitivity and specificity for test methods obtained from consensus-based estimates. Procedures - Interrelationships among variables influencing interpretation and classification of herd infection status for JD were evaluated by use of simulated data for various herd sizes, true within-herd prevalences, and sampling and testing methods. The probability of finding ≥1 infected animal in herds was estimated for various testing methods and sample sizes by use of hypergeometric random sampling. Results - 2 main components were required for the new herd JD classification system: the probability of detection of infection determined on the basis of test results from a sample of animals and the maximum detected number of animals with positive test results. Tables were constructed of the estimated probability of detection of infection, and the maximum number of cattle with positive test results or fecal pools with positive culture results with 95% confidence for classification of herd JD infection status were plotted. Herd risk for JD was categorized on the basis of 95% confidence that the true within-herd prevalence was ≤15%, ≤10%, ≤5%, or ≤2%. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance - Analysis of the findings indicated that a scientifically rigorous and transparent herd classification system for JD in cattle is feasible.Source type: Electronic(1
Factors associated with participation of Alberta dairy farmers in a voluntary, management-based Johne’s disease control program
No full textThe Alberta Johne's Disease Initiative (AJDI) is a voluntary, management-based prevention and control program for Johne's disease (JD), a wasting disease in ruminants that causes substantial economic losses to the cattle industry. Despite extensive communication about the program's benefits and low cost to participating producers, approximately 35% of Alberta dairy farmers have not enrolled in the AJDI. Therefore, the objective was to identify differences between AJDI nonparticipants and participants that may influence enrollment. Standardized questionnaires were conducted in person on 163 farms not participating and 61 farms participating in the AJDI. Data collected included demographic characteristics, internal factors (e.g., attitudes and beliefs of the farmer toward JD and the AJDI), external factors (e.g., farmers' JD knowledge and on-farm goals and constraints), as well as farmers' use and influence of various information sources. Nonparticipants and participants differed in at least some aspects of all studied categories. Based on logistic regression, participating farms had larger herds, higher self-assessed knowledge of JD, better understanding of AJDI details before participation, and used their veterinarian more often to get information about new management practices and technologies when compared with nonparticipants. In contrast, nonparticipants indicated that time was a major on-farm constraint and that participation in the AJDI would take too much time. They also indicated that they preferred to wait and see how the program worked on other farms before they participated
The impact of a high versus a low glycaemic index breakfast cereal meal on verbal episodic memory in healthy adolescents
No full textIn this study, healthy adolescents consumed a) a low glycaemic index (G.I.) breakfast cereal meal, or b) a high G.I. breakfast cereal meal, before completing a test of verbal episodic memory in which the memory materials were encoded under conditions of divided attention. Analysis of remembering/forgetting indices revealed that the High G.I. breakfast group remembered significantly more items relative to the Low G.I. breakfast group after a long delay. The superior performance observed in the High G.I. group, relative to the Low G.I. group, may be due to the additional glucose availability provided by the high G.I. meal at the time of memory encoding. This increased glucose availability may be necessary for effective encoding under dual task conditions
Exploring interpersonal conflicts within the JD-R model: aggregation and validation in the context of elementary school employees in Croatia
No full textThis study aims to enhance the Job Demand-Resources (JD-R) model by incorporating the aggregation approach and addressing the research gap concerning interpersonal conflicts within this framework. Building on the theoretical background and placing interpersonal conflicts in the JD-R framework, we adopted a quantitative research design, utilizing a structured probabilistic sample of 343 elementary school employees in Croatia who responded to the COPSOQ III questionnaire distributed online. Furthermore, validating the COPSOQ III questionnaire in Croatian ensures the relevance and applicability of the findings in this cultural context. We employed Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to test the proposed model and establish a second-level higher-order model, assessing and analyzing the relationships within the JD-R model. The results indicate that conflicts and quarrels, as proxies for interpersonal conflicts, thrive when perceived job resources are high, and job demands are low, leading to improved health outcomes. These findings suggest that interpersonal conflicts may serve as a mechanism for mobilizing resources to cope with job demands, emphasizing the importance of effectively managing conflicts for healthier and more productive work relationships and environment.Dive into the intriguing world of Croatian elementary schools, where our study reveals a surprising twist: conflicts among elementary school employees aren’t always a sign of trouble. In fact, they can be a secret weapon for stress relief and better health. We’ve uncovered that not all conflicts are harmful; some can act as cathartic events, helping to resolve tensions and improve well-being, transforming the school environment for the better. Interpersonal conflicts may serve as a mechanism for mobilizing resources to cope with job demands, emphasizing the importance of effectively managing conflicts for healthier and more productive work relationships and environment. Our research sheds new light on the delicate balance of job demands and resources in education, offering a fresh perspective on how to foster a more harmonious and productive workplace. It’s not just about reducing conflicts but understanding their hidden potential
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