137 research outputs found
Federalismo e democracia
No full textInclui notas explicativas e bibliografia.Texto em português; resumo em português e inglês.Gabriel Barroso Fortes, Filomeno Morae
Le “plusvalenze” da cessione dei diritti alle prestazioni dei calciatori
No full textThe author talks about the thematic of the gains on disposal in the sector of the professional football clubs, and he specifically analyzes the economic and financial dynamics and movements in the field of accounting and financial statements. In fact, the author examines various types of football player transfers, focusing on the mechanisms used to circumvent the regulation and he analyzes the persistent presence of practices that are now crearly and juridically illicit, despite of the specific regulation. Moreover, he talks about the specific case of F.C. Juventus; and lastly, he describes some possible solutions to mitigate and regulate a really complex issue like this one
Towards a global regulation of the football industry
No full textThe author talks about the evolution of the football system from the perspectives of the markets, sport, and its centrality in a state’s economy and internationally. The paper analyzes its exponential growth, which makes a financial change and improvement to respond to im-portant competition costs and, in general, economic operations increase with the realization of a global regulatory harmonization. In fact, there is the implementation of a rules system that want to strengthen the transparency in these operations. Also, the author finds to examine the new regulation effective from 2023 and related sanctions. Another thematic here are multi-club ownerships (MCO), which are always more central and frequent; as the “sui generis” role of the sports agent and the development of the illegal practice of third-party ownership
Il fenomeno delle “Multi-Club Ownerships” (MCO). Le pluriproprietà delle società di calcio
No full textL’autore affronta il tema della pluriproprietà di clubs di calcio professionistico nell’ambito della federazione italiana e dell’Uefa. Il saggio parte da una ricostruzione storico-giuridica della fattispecie per poi scrutinare tutte le problematiche connesse ai conflitti di interesse, alla violazione delle regole della concorrenza, all’abuso del c.d. player trading infragruppo, alle operazioni a parti correlate, ai vantaggi “anomali” quando la pluriproprietà riguarda clubs militantiin Paesi diversi come dimostra il raggiro delle regole Financial Fair Play. L’analisi critica della evoluzione regolamentare in materia nei diversi ordinamenti passa attraverso la casistica fattuale e giurisprudenziale ed offre all’autore l’occasione di scrutinare gli strumenti utilizzati per porre riparo alle problematiche congiunturali a partire dal trust e di ipotizzare soluzioni strutturali.
The author talks about multi ownerships of professional football clubs in the field of Italian federation and of the Uefa. This paper begins with an historical-juridical rebuilding of the thematic and then it wants to observe all issues related to conflicts of interest, to violation of competition rules, to abuse of intragroup player trading, to related parts transactions, to anomalous advantages when multi ownership is about clubs in different countries as the circumvention of Financial Fair Play rules demonstrates that. Critical analysis of regulatory development in the various legal systems of this thematic goes through factual and jurisprudential casuistry and it allows the author to observe the means used to repair situational issues starting from trust and it also allows the author to speculate structural solutions
L'abuso di player trading: il caso delle "plusvalenze fittizie" nelle società di calcio professionistico
No full textL’autore commenta la sentenza della Corte d’appello federale della Figc analizzando la problematica dell’abuso del c.d. player trading e delle plusvalenze fittizie nel calcio professionistico. In particolare, vengono poi scrutinate tutte le regole contabili e le soluzioni proposte per porre argine al fenomeno.
The author comments on the decision of the federal court of appeal Figc analyzing the case of player trading abuse and fake capital gains in professional football. In particular then all accounting rules and proposed solutions are scrutinized
I controlli «esterni» sulle società di calcio professionistico
No full textIl saggio analizza il ruolo fondamentale dei sistemi di controllo esterno sulle società di calcio professionistico nell’interesse pubblico e di tutti gli stakeholders di settore. L’autore scrutina l’assetto regolatorio complessivo federale, statale ed unionale in una visione unitaria dell’ordinamento. L’ultima parte è dedicata al nuovo «Regolamento UEFA sulle licenze per clubs e la sostenibilità finanziaria», diretto a garantire gli obiettivi della solvibilità, della stabilità e del controllo dei costi.
The paper addresses the essential role that external control systems on professional football clubs play in the public interest as well as in the interest of all the specific industry stakeholders. The author analyses the overall regulatory framework within a unitary perspective that tackles both national and European rules. Eventually, the paper offers a comprehensive analysis of the «UEFA Club Licensing and Financial Sustainability Regulations», developed to guarantee solvency, stability and costs control
L'agente sportivo: un ircocervo tra professione, mediazione ed impresa alla prova del nuovo regolamento FIFA.
No full textL’autore affronta il tema, ormai centrale nel mondo del calcio, degli agenti sportivi e della relativa regolamentazione. Il saggio tratta innanzitutto la degenerazione della figura, passata dall’esser curatore di interessi legali e sportivi di parte a mediatore con modalità sempre meno chiare: dalla diffusione delle “third party ownerships” e dal successivo tentativo di contrastarle, alla nascita, a seguito della deregulation, dell’intermediario sportivo. Viene passata in rassegna la evoluzione normativa italiana fino al d.lgs. n. 37/2021 ed alla codificazione del contratto di mandato sportivo, delle società di agenti sportivi e dello statuto disciplinare. Si analizza, infine, il quadro regolatorio nelle principali federazioni straniere per poi scrutinare il nuovo e rivoluzionario Regolamento FIFA, che entrerà integralmente in vigore in autunno con un importante effetto di moralizzazione del settore.
The author talks about the thematic of player agents and their regulation, ever more central in the football world. This paper begins with the degeneration of the player agent, born like the one who takes care the legal and sports interests of his players to become a mediator in less and less explicit ways: from the spread of the “third party ownerships” followed by the attempt to fight them, to the beginning of the sportive intermediary after the deregulation. So, the evolution of Italian legislation is reviewed until the d.lgs. n. 37/2021 and codification of the sports mandate agreement, of the companies of player agents and of the disciplinary statute. At the end, the author analyzes the regulation of the main foreign federations to examine the new and innovative FIFA Regulation, that will be applied next autumn with an important effect of moralization of the specific sector
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The phonology and morphology of Filomeno Mata Totonac
No full textAbstractThe phonology and morphology of Filomeno Mata TotonacbyTeresa Ann McFarlandDoctor of Philosophy in LinguisticsUniversity of California, BerkeleyProfessor Sharon Inkelas, ChairThis dissertation constitutes a descriptive grammar of the phonology and morphology of Filomeno Mata Totonac that highlights typologically unusual phenomena of theoretical interest. Filomeno Mata (FM) Totonac is a member of the Totonac-Tepehua family (eastern Mexico), spoken in and around the municipality whose name it borrows in the state of Veracruz. It is a polysynthetic, highly agglutinating, head-marking variety with VSO word order and complex verbal morphology that has not previously been described by linguists. This grammar is based on fieldwork conducted by the author between 2003 and 2009.Some of the grammatical phenomena described herein which may be of interest to theoreticians and typologists include:* Glottalization or aspiration and vowel devoicing to mark prosodic boundaries* Postlexical nasal epenthesis at word-word and clitic-stem boundaries between a vowel and a stop or affricate* Stress shift as a marker of interrogative utterances, which may occur on the verb or other sentencial elements* A large set of ideophones marked by reduplication and sound symbolism in the categories of sound and manner of motion adverbials, colors, odors/flavors, and descriptive adjectives* Complex inflectional combinatorics that feature long distance blocking, compositionality of certain person agreement markers, and glottalization and suppletion to mark second person subjects* Typologically unusual free variation in the ordering of verbal morphemes in a middle zone of affixes on either side of the root, without scopal or semantic significance; mostly involving derivational affixes, but also including one inflectional prefix* A gradient rather than categorical distinction between clitics and affixes, with the four relevant tests often giving conflicting results* An unusually large number of object-related deverbal nominalization constructions, including agentive, locative, instrumental, purpose, and result nominalizations, as well as an unusual deverbal `ought to' construction
L’attività delle Federazioni sportive italiane alla prova del test di proporzionalità della restrizione alla concorrenza. Nota a Tribunale Amministrativo Regionale per il Lazio, sez. I, 17 febbraio 2025, n. 3409
No full textLa nota di commento, adesiva alla sentenza del TAR Lazio, evidenzia come il test di “proporzionalità della restrizione alla concorrenza”, che incombe sull’Autorità Garante della Concorrenza e del Mercato, deve essere fondato su rigorosi presupposti di tenore ordinamentale. Le prerogative delle Federazioni vanno inquadrate in un contesto che deve evitare forme di incertezza regolatoria, senza configurare modalità di esercizio, di un controllo preventivo sull’attività che impedisca a soggetti qualificati dall’ordinamento sportivo di organizzare le rispettive competizioni. In ogni caso, per l’Autore, la titolarità di poteri di valenza pubblicistica attribuita alle Federazioni dal CONI e la conseguente speciale responsabilità non possono trasformare l’esercizio “scorretto” degli stessi in illeciti concorrenziali.
The activity of the italian sports federations in the test of proportionality of the restriction to competition
This case note, aligning with the judgment of the TAR of Lazio, underscores that the “proportionality test for restrictions on competition”, which the Italian Competition Authority (AGCM) is required to apply, must be based on rigorous principles grounded in the legal order. The prerogatives of Sports Federations should be placed within a framework that avoids regulatory uncertainty, without establishing forms of prior control that would prevent entities recognised by the sporting legal system from organising their own competitions. In any event, according to the author, the conferral of public powers on Sports Federations by CONI, and the resulting special responsibility, cannot by itself transform the improper exercise of those powers into a competition law infringement
Le società di calcio professionistico tra diritto speciale e diritto comune all’esito delle recenti riforme
No full textIl saggio delinea un quadro storico-sistematico del diritto delle società di calcio, scrutinando i “passaggi chiave” della profonda mutazione “genetica del settore” fino ad arrivare all’analisi delle riforme che entreranno a breve in vigore. Vengono indagate le possibili soluzioni strutturali ipotizzabili sulla base di una necessaria armonizzazione, almeno comunitaria, del diritto del calcio. L’autore evidenzia la necessità di una elaborazione normativa comparata della fenomenologia e dei modelli di governance istituzionale del settore adeguate a quello che ormai è il piú importante comparto industriale nel segmento dell’intrattenimento e dello spettacolo.
The essay, while offering a systematic review of football law, tackles the key moments of its evolution from its origins till the forthcoming new regulations. It also investigates possible alternatives to several currently chosen normative solutions and it does so by stressing the need of a harmonization, at least at continental level, of the discipline. Eventually, the author highlights the urgency of a comparative approach in the development of the governance structure of a segment that nowadays is, without any doubt, the most relevant one of the whole entertainment industries
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