186,387 research outputs found
COMPLEX SEGREGATION ANALYSIS IN A SAMPLE OF CONSECUTIVE NEWBORNS WITH CLEFT LIP WITH OR WITHOUT CLEFT PALATE IN ITALY.
No full textThe mode of inheritance of cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) has been extensively investigated, but the results are controversial. We report results of complex segregation analysis performed in the families of 636 consecutive newborns with CL/P registered in the northeast Italy and Emilia Romagna congenital malformation registries to test hypotheses regarding CL/P inheritance. The programs POINTER and COMDS have been used. POINTER could not distinguish between alternative genetic models, and only the hypothesis of no familial transmission could be rejected. COMDS results, after inclusion of the severity parameter, rejected the hypotheses of a single major locus and were consistent with the two-locus model with a major dominant locus and at least one modifier locus
Integration of gene maps: updating chromosome 1
No full textThe first integrated map of chromosome 1 was published in 1992. We present an updated summary map of 371 loci constructed from a location database that includes physical and genetic data. The summary map subsumes a composite physical location, sex-specific genetic location, cytogenetic assignment, mouse homology, rank and references to physical maps. The genetic length is 208 cM for the male map, in close agreement with the chiasma map, and 371 cM for the female map. There is evidence for a high level of interference on chromosome 1. The location database comprising both data and analytical software is discussed in relation to alternative approaches and possible enhancement
The Anti-Gingivitis Effect of Two Commercial Toothpastes: A 21 Day, Partial-Mouth, Double Blind, Randomized Study
No full textAbstract: Objective: While mechanical plaque removal represents the standard preventive practice, the high prevalence of gingival disease motivates the use of toothpaste to vehicle chemicals that aid plaque control.
The objective of this study is to compare the effectiveness of two commercial toothpastes in reducing gingival inflammation and prevent dental plaque accumulation.
Materials and Methods: This study has a cross-over, randomized and double blind design with a partial mouth experimental model. The study is composed by two experimental phases of 3 weeks each, followed by a 21 day wash out interval. During the experimental phases experimental teeth were protected from toothbrushing through a toothshield filled with the tested toothpaste. At the beginning and at the end of the two experimental phases, plaque and gingival status were measured using Plaque Control Record and the Bleeding Index.
The Student t-test for paired data was used to assess whether differences between toothpastes were statistically significant (p<0.05).
Results: At day 21 the bleeding index (BOP) remains approximately constant despite the increase of Plaque Control Record in both groups. The toothpaste with MicroRepair/hyaluronic acid/ ZnPCA performed slightly better than the toothpaste with Triclosan/Copolymer, but the difference is not statistically significant.
Conclusions: Tested toothpastes have comparable effectiveness in the contrast of the accumulation of plaque and of gingival inflammation
An integrated map of chromosome 9
No full textAn integrated map of 211 loci on chromosome 9 is presented for which 198 loci have genetic locations. The results of the analysis indicate very strong interference for the chromosome and positional variations in recombination rates, most extreme in the male map where there is an excess of recombination near the p telomere and a marked suppression of recombination in a large region that includes the centromere
Relazione tra torque di inserimento e riassorbimento osseo perimplantare. Studio longtudinale multicentrico
No full textOBIETTIVI. Valutare radiograficamente se un elevato torque di inserimento della fixture implantare determini un aumento del riassorbimento osseo perimplantare.
MATERIALI E METODI. In 32 pazienti (reclutati in 5 centri in Italia) sono stati posizionati 2 impianti adiacenti splintati, caricati precocemente. È stato registrato il torque di inserimento e sono state effettuate radiografie postoperatorie a 2, 6 e 12 mesi. Con I'ausilio di un software è stato misurato il riassorbimento osseo crestale a 2, 6 e 12 mesi.
RISULTATI. I torque ottenuti variavano da 30 a 100 Nlcm (media di 65 Nlcm). Il riassorbimento perimplantare medio è stato di 0,9 mm a 12 mesi. Non vi cono stati segni radiografici di necrosi e dall'analisi statistica dei dati non risulta alcuna correlazione tra il torque e il riassorbimento osseo perimplantare (coefficiente di correlazione di Pearson = 0,6481).
CONCLUSIONI. Per torque compresi tra 30-100 N/cm non vi sono differenze nel riassorbimento osseo perimplantare a 12 mesi
A comparative study of a surgical method and scaling and root planing using the Odontoson(R)
No full textThis investigation compared a traditional periodontal surgical method with a non-surgical treatment of scaling and root planing by an ultrasonic device (Odontoson M(R)) using irrigation with an iodised solution. 8 adult patients with periodontal disease were each treated at 2 randomly chosen quadrants by a Widman flap type surgical technique, and the remaining non-surgically. The patients then attended bi-monthly oral hygiene sessions over a period of 1 year. At that stage, clinical evaluation revealed that the Odontoson M(R) plus an ionized irrigant solution achieved a statistically comparable outcome to that of surgical treatment, even in the pockets initially up to 7 mm in depth
Inheritance of cleft palate in Italy. Evidence for a major autosomal recessive locus.
No full textAlthough several studies have demonstrated familial aggregation of nonsyndromic cleft palate (CP), the mode of inheritance still remains uncertain. We report the results of complex segregation analysis performed in families of 357 consecutive newborns affected with nonsyndromic CP (i.e., CP not a component feature of malformation syndrome, sequence or association), and registered in the North East Italy and Emilia Romagna congenital malformation registries in the period 1981-1993. This sample, based on a large number of consecutive births, in a well-defined geographical area, with quality control to detect associated anomalies and malformation syndromes, is independent of the number of affected subjects in the family and of CP severity, fitness, and survival. We have analyzed, using the mixed model, the whole sample of nonsyndromic CP, including isolated (i.e., without other anomalies) CP (CPI) and CP associated with at least one other anomaly (CPA), for which a diagnosis of malformation syndrome was not possible. When nonsyndromic CP (including CPA) are considered in the analysis, there is no heterogeneity between CPA and CPI nor between CP including hard palate (CPH) and CP of the soft palate only (CPS). POINTER and COMDS programs cannot discriminate between alternative genetic models; only the hypothesis of non-genetic transmission is rejected. The COMDS analysis two-locus model, which indicates that a modifier locus (or loci) operates in addition to a single major locus (SML), does not show evidence of better fit than SML, polygenic, and multifactorial models. When the severity parameter (defined as CPH and CPS) is added, CPI and CPA show heterogeneity. Eventually, when the analysis is limited to CPI and includes information on severity, a recessive SML, with low penetrance and determining CPH, provides a significant best fit. To have defined a genetic model for CPI and provided evidence for SML inheritance suggests that genetic linkage studies could be implemented. This conclusion is in agreement with previous studies which showed a significant association between alleles of transforming growth factor alpha and CP only in humans, and that single recessive genes may play a crucial role during palatogenesis in mice as well as in Brittany spaniels. Application of the candidate genes to human CPH families could reveal whether these genes are involved
A quantitative study on the spatial and temporal ossification patterns of vertebral centra and neural arches and their relationship to the fetal age.
No full textA double-staining technique on 37 human embryos and fetuses (crown-rump length, CRL, between 38 and 116 mm) has been performed to study the ossification patterns of the vertebral column. Different growth sequences for centra and neural arches were observed. The survey of ossified centers suggested it was possible to relate significantly their appearance with the CRL. On the basis of already known data defining the developmental age in relationship to the latter parameter, we suggest their numerical evaluation as a further parameter for the assessment of the fetal age. Therefore, we have worked out a table that may be used either to determine the normal fetal growth, or when other parameters cannot be relied upon (i.e. in morphological diseases) for this aim
Growth patterns of human ovarian volume during intrauterine and postnatal organogenesis
No full textBACKGROUND: Ovarian volumes during pre-pubertal, reproductive or menopausal life in a healthy female have been studied by in vivo and anatomical methods. In contrast, conclusive studies on normal human ovarian volume during intrauterine and postnatal organogenesis, when the folliculogenesis occurs, do not exist. AIM: To assess the growth patterns of ovarian volume during human ovarian definitive histogenesis using morphometric methods. SUBJECTS: Twenty-five left ovaries removed from fetuses, newborns and children with karyotype 46,XX, ranging from 15 to 74 weeks of development. OUTCOME MEASURES: The ovaries were completely cut obtaining serial sections. Ovarian volume was calculated both with the ellipsoid method, using its length, maximum and minimum diameters, and the Cavalieri quantitative morphometric method. The age-related pattern of ovarian volume was studied using linear regression analyses. RESULTS: Ovarian volume calculated with the Cavalieri method increased from 16 mm3 at the 15th week of development to over 300 mm3 at the end of the process, with a 20-fold increase compared to the initial volume. Ovarian volume calculated with the ellipsoid method ranged between 25 to over 380 mm3, with a 15-fold increase. On average, ellipsoidal volume over-estimated the true Cavalieri volume (mean difference -14%, S.D. 29, p=0.014, Student's t-test for paired samples). Linear regression curves were developed to predict ovarian volume at any age. Overall, the approximation was better for Cavalieri volume (approximately, 72% of variance explained by the linear regression) than for ellipsoid volume (59% of explained variance). CONCLUSIONS: During the intrauterine and postnatal organogenesis, the normal growth rate of human ovary was almost linear. The calculation of ovarian volume using Cavalieri method does not depend on assumptions about the organ shape and it appears to be more appropriate
Concentrated Growth Factors in Maxillary Sinus Floor Augmentation: A Preliminary Clinical Comparative Evaluation
No full textAims: The primary aim of this clinical study was to examine the effect of concentrated growth factors matrix (CGFm) on implant survival rate in augmented sinuses; the secondary aim was to evaluate the effect of CGFm on sinus augmentation postoperative morbidity.
Materials and Methods: Fifty patients were selected from a pool of participants requiring maxillary sinus augmentation. Of these, 25 patients (control‐group) received a corticocancellous xenograft. The other 25 patients (test group) received a mixture of 70% CGF matrix and 30% corticocancellous xenograft. Venous blood samples were drawn from each patient and immediately centrifuged. Four components were identified vertically from top to bottom: (1) An upper liquid phase constituted by serum; (2) a phase constituted by polymerized fibrin buffy coat; (3) a middle phase constituted by aggregated platelets with CGFs; and (4) a lower phase constituted by red blood cells. The middle (second and third) phases represented the CGFm and were mixed with the graft material. The survival rate was calculated and comparison was made between the 2 different groups using Kaplan–Meier analysis. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.
Results: A 96.4% survival rate was described in the test group (with CGFm) and a 96.1% survival rate in the control group (without CGFm). No statistically significant differences were observed between the survival rates of the two groups after 1 year.
Conclusions: The mixture of CGFm (70%) with xenograft (30%) is an alternative to xenograft material alone and is a predictable procedure resulting in less postoperative morbidity in sinus augmentation
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