136,593 research outputs found
Font tuning : a review and new experimental evidence.
No full textThis paper reflects on the kinds of evidence able to confirm that letter and word identification in reading can be supported by encoding the underlying visual structure of the text, and specifically by deriving structural descriptions for letters. It is proposed that structure-driven processes are intimately linked to the implementation of font-specific rules for translating visual features into elements of a letter’s structural description. Evidence for such font tuning comes from studies exploring the impact of font-mixing on reading fluency, and from studies showing how the benefits of experience with a novel typeface can generalise to letters that have yet to be seen in the typeface. After reviewing this evidence, three new experiments are reported which explore font tuning in the context of the lexical decision task. The time course of font tuning, which is monitored by changing the time interval between successive test stimuli, is shown to be sensitive to the overall probability with which successive stimuli appear in the same typeface. In addition, font tuning is shown to reflect item-by-item fluctuations in this probability. Finally, the effects of font-switching are shown to generalise beyond the particular letters present in the text, and to be confined to 1-back transitions. It is concluded that font tuning reflects the implementation of a set of font-specific translation rules held in working memory, and is moderated by the reader’s implicit knowledge of the constraints present in the sequencing of successive portions of text
The Optimum Font Size and Type for Students Aged 9-12 Reading Arabic Characters on Screen: A Case Study
No full textMore and more, interest in the way data is displayed on screen has increased, especially with the increase in the number of people using e-text for learning purposes. So, this requires more focus on factors that affect screen legibility. Text display factors, such as font size, line length and font type, have an impact on reading online. Two font types [Arabic Traditional and Simplified Arabic] in four different sizes [10, 14, 16 and 18] are measured using Arabic text. On-line processes were measured using reading –aloud technique. Accuracy of reading was also measured by the average of errors that students made when reading the text, while reading speed was tested by the time it took students to read the text. However, results indicated that Arabic text in font size 10 is not readable to students aged 10 to 12. On the other hand, font sizes sixteen and eighteen are more readable than any smaller-sized font, the averages of error size 18 improve in all font types, while age has a significant impact on reading speed. Simplified Arabic font is reported as readable to students aged 10-12, especially in sizes 14 and 18
Prescribing by mental health nurses: the UK perspective
No full textPURPOSE. This article aims to discuss the growth of mental health nurse (MHN) prescribing in the United Kingdom as an exemplar for readers to compare progress in their own countries and context. This study also aims to provide a historical overview of this process in the United Kingdom where MHNs prescribe safely and competently.
CONCLUSIONS. Finally, evidence has shown that MHNs with prescriptive authority are competent when prescribing when compared to psychiatrists.
PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. Despite organizational barriers and educational concerns, MHN prescribing is becoming embedded in the healthcare context in the United Kingdo
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-US">A phyto-pharmacological overview on <i>Physalis minima</i> Linn.</span>
No full text477-482Physalis minima Linn.
(Family <span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-ascii-font-family:
" times="" new="" roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-char-type:symbol;="" mso-symbol-font-family:symbol"="" lang="EN-GB">¾ Solanaceae) is commonly known as
Ground Cherry or Sunberry. It is traditionally used as diuretic, purgative,
analgesic, anthelmentic, febrifuge, vermifuge, abortificient, etc. Many
steroidal lactones have been identified from the plant and it has been reported
to possess antifertility, hypoglycemic, cytotoxic, antiulcer, antibacterial,
anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, antimalarial, amylase, lipase and
alpha glucosidase inhibitor activity and anti-gonorrhoeal activity. Present
review summarizes the traditional claims, phytochemistry and pharmacology of
P. minima reported so far in scientific literature.
</span
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";="" mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:="" en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="" lang="EN-US">Anti-urolithiatic activity of hydrogenated naphthol isolated from <i>Aerva lanata</i> (L.) Juss. flower extract</span>
No full text453-459<span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";="" mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:="" en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="" lang="EN-US">One new hydrogenated naphthol was isolated for
the first time from methanolic extract of Aerva
lanata (L.) Juss. flowers. The compound was elucidated as (2S.3R)
3-(3-hydroxy-3-methyl pent-4-en-1-yl)-2, 5, 5, 8a tetra-methyl-decahydronaphthalene-2-ol.
The isolated compound (PC) was screened for anti-urolithiatic activity by
ethylene glycol induced urolithiasis in rats. In the
present study rats treated with the isolated compound (PC), reported for the
first time from this taxon, reduced the deposition of calcium oxalate crystals
by increasing their solubility and restoring the normal renal
architecture.</span
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language: HI" lang="EN-GB">Study of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Tukhm-e-Kasni</i> (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Cichorium intybus</i> L. seed) for steroidal and metabolic effect in albino rats</span>
No full text470-473<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:
" times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-bidi-font-family:="" mangal;letter-spacing:.1pt;mso-ansi-language:en-gb;mso-fareast-language:en-us;="" mso-bidi-language:hi"="" lang="EN-GB">Seeds of Cichorium
intybus L. (Tukhm-e-Kasni) are
mainly described to be anti-inflammatory, diuretic, tonic; useful in renal
asthenia and nephritic syndrome like condition. In the present study 70%
ethanol extract of seeds was investigated for its steroidal and metabolic
activity in albino rats of either sex in two different tests. In both the
tests,
the animals were treated with the test drug (150 mg/kg/p.o.) twice a day for
three days and were sacrificed subsequently on 4th day. In the test
designed for steroidal activity, thymus gland was dissected out and weighed
while in the test for metabolic activity, liver was dissected out for glycogen
estimation and blood was collected for the estimation of blood sugar, serum
protein and serum cholesterol. The test drug reduced the thymus weight
significantly (p<0.01) as compared to the plain control and was found to be
moderately lesser than the regression produced by hydrocortisone. Further,
the study shows that it also induced hyperproteinemia and liver glycogen
increasing effect and moderately increased
the blood glucose level. The findings suggest that <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal">Tukhm-e-Kasni possesses marked steroidal and metabolic activity.
Steroidal effect may be one of the bases for its use in various renal diseases
especially nephrotic syndrome
like condition. </span
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";="" mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-ansi-language:en-gb;mso-fareast-language:="" en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="" lang="EN-GB">Evidence of the nephroprotective effect of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Carica papaya</i> L. leaves in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats</span>
No full text460-465<span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";="" mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" roman";background:white;mso-ansi-language:en-gb;="" mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="" lang="EN-GB">Protection against diabetic
nephropathy (DN) is one of the main targets in diabetes treatment and present
study evaluates the nephroprotective effect of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal">Carica papaya L. in
streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. DN rats were treated with 1.5 and
2.5 gm/dl C. papaya leaf extract for 6 weeks to determine its
nephroprotective effect with different parameters. Pimagedine (1 ml/mg) served
as a reference drug. Compared to diabetic control group, C. papaya (1.5
and 2.5 gm/dl) treatment significantly decreased some important parameters
including plasma glucose, HbA1-c, <span style="font-size:
11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:="" "times="" roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-ansi-language:="" en-gb;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="" lang="EN-GB">urinary AER and
albumin/creatinine ratio. Improvement in GFR was
also significant by C. papaya. However, the decrease in blood urea
nitrogen (BUN), plasma creatinine, blood pressure (B.P), total cholesterol and
serum albumin levels were significant only in diabetic group treated with 2.5
gm/dl of C. papaya leaf extract. Serum triglyceride and urine volume
decreased with both low and high doses of C. papaya. Histological
examination revealed marked improvement in glomerular morphology after C.
papaya treatment. The study concludes that C.
papaya leaf extract may exert ameliorative effect on DN.</span
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language: HI" lang="EN-GB">Dietary use of Algae among tribal of North-east India: Special reference to the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Monpa</i> tribe of Arunachal Pradesh</span>
No full text509-513<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:
" times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-bidi-font-family:="" mangal;mso-ansi-language:en-gb;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:="" hi"="" lang="EN-GB">Dietary use of Algae is known since ancient times, but is mostly confined
to marine forms. In India, several marine or brackish water macro-algae are
consumed directly as food in South east coastal localities. The present study
not only documents the dietary use of a freshwater Alga <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal">Ulva intestinalis L. by the Monpa
tribe of Arunachal Pradesh but also summarizes the same by various other
tribes in North east India.</span
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:15.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language: EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-US">Hukoti</span></i><span style="font-size:15.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language: EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-US"> -An indigenous dry fish product of tribal communities of Upper Assam</span>
No full text97-101<span style="font-size:
9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt" lang="EN-US">The present study is a maiden report regarding
the existence, preparation procedure and uses of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal">Hukoti, a
traditional indigenous dry fish product, prepared by different tribal
communities of Upper Assam. Dressed and washed
fish, mainly Puntius spp, are ground
with deskinned stems of Colocasia
macrorrhiza (L.) G. Don and leaves of Siju
(Euphorbia ligulana Roxb.). The
resultant paste, stuffed into bamboo cylinders and sealed using dry banana
leaves and clay, are dried over kitchen fire for a period of 3-4months. Hukoti is used a pain killer and also
used as a local therapeutic to cure malaria. In the present study, the authors
have suggested various means to improve its overall quality and also potential
avenues to commercialize the product.
</span
HPLC determination of aloperine in branches and leaves of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Sophora <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic">alopecuroides</span></i> L.
No full text393-396To establish a HPLC method for the
determination of aloperine in branches and leaves of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal">Sophora alopecuroides L., and improve the utilization of Sophora alopecuroides L. branch and leaf
resources have been studied. HPLC is performed using Diamonsil C18
(4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm) column, with acetonitrile-anhydrous ethanol-3% aqueous
phosphoric acid (90:9:1) as the mobile phase, at detection wavelength of 205
nm, column temperature of 25℃, and flow rate of
1.0 mL/min. Linear range of Sophora alopecuroides L. is 12.00~240.00 mg·L (r
=0.9999), and average recovery is (n =6) 100.13% (RSD 2.24%). Aloperine content
in Sophora alopecuroides L. branches
and leaves is 1.20%. The method established is simple, accurate and
reproducible, which can be used for quantitative determination of aloperine in Sophora alopecuroides L. branches and
leaves. Aloperine content is rather high in leaves, which provides the basis
for comprehensive utilization of Sophora
alopecuroides L. branch and leaf resources, particularly aloperine.
</span
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