1,721,008 research outputs found
Közkönyvtárak, értékek, bizalom és e-kormányzás
No full text-JAEGER, Paul T.–FLEISCHMANN, Kenneth R.: Public libraries, values, trust, and e-government. = Information Technologies and Libraries, 26. köt. 4. sz. 2007. p. 34–43
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Differences in the use of AI assistants : how human values influence AI assistant use or disuse
Full text linkThis report is an analysis of the usage of artificial intelligence (AI) personal assistants such as Siri, Google Assistant, and Alexa through the examination of how an individual’s personal values influence their use of these devices. These assistants have become a built-in component of many technologies, and yet there is not a large amount of research on their utilization. Like most consumer level technologies, individual preferences determine how and when they will be used. Artificial assistants exist in a multitude of forms that most technology-using people will interact with, from bot assistance on websites or through the phone, to the personalized artificial intelligences used like the aforementioned Siri, Alexa, and Google Assistant. These specific assistants are utilized for everything from turning on the news to making purchases with the owner’s credit card information. They are privy to a multitude of personal information, and like most new technology, the level of comfort that people have using these devices varies depending on individual preferences. This report utilized a survey that focused on the Portrait Values Questionnaire created by Schwartz (2007) and made gender neutral by Verma, Fleischmann, and Koltai (2017) as well as in-depth, semi-structured, open-ended interviews. The ten interviews generated a greater understanding of individual perceptions of these devices and allowed for a more in depth look at specific examples and perspectives that strengthened the findings from the survey. The ultimate purpose of the report was to analyze how human values affect an individual’s use of these devices as one step towards a greater understanding of human values’ impact on technology, and how technology can be best created for humanity in turn.Informatio
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Cheated by deepfakes? deepfake detection ability, people’s reactions, and ethical implications
Full text linkRecent dramatic developments in the fields of computer vision and deep learning technology have opened up a range of possibilities not previously imagined. The applications of computer vision technology include manipulating any face in any video and changing the environment of photos, just to name a couple of the new applications. However, these applications are already having impacts on our everyday lives. Given these recent advances in computer vision technology, people may not be able to trust images and videos we see on any media channel. These videos and images have the potential to deceive us.
Throughout the history of technology development, the pros and cons of new technology are often in dispute. New technology is often sensationalized in terms of the benefits for people, which may go beyond anyone’s control and imagination. For example, the internet was started with a goal of developing a decentralized network. However, due to how it was commercialized in use, the Internet actually became more centralized than had been intended. Since a centralized platform has the advantage of controlling all users’ data and information, these can be sold to companies to help them engage in targeted marketing. Thus, the Internet fell short of its expectations and hype. Now, the focus and hype has largely shifted to artificial intelligence. In which direction will these new technologies go? What are humans’ relationships with these emerging technologies? How can we use this technology safely and ensure that it leads to a future that we want? This goal is the starting point for this report.
In this report, I will use the latest FaceForensics++ dataset as a base for an experiment to answer three research questions: First, how well do people detect deepfakes, and what factors affect their ability to detect deepfakes? Second, what are their reactions when deepfakes are revealed ? Third, what do they see as the ethical implications of deepfakes, and how deepfakes could be used or abused?
For RQ1, I explore the elements that can help people detect deepfakes. For RQ2, I evaluate their reactions. For RQ3, I explore how they perceive the ethical implications of deepfakes. More generally, my findings offer guidance for thinking about how to rebuild trust in video data in an era of deepfakes?Informatio
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An investigation of the practices used in airline crew scheduling and their impact on the physical and mental health of airline crew
Full text linkThe literatures surrounding the topics of crew scheduling optimization and crew health are often researched separately. The models are disconnected from the people they affect and are often seen as separate and neutral entities, despite being intrinsically connected with the mental and physical health of flight crews, in the same way that a typical work schedule impacts the physical and mental health of traditional full-time employees. With this in mind, this report gives a high-level overview of popular scheduling models and also, more importantly examines how the use of these models and current schedule optimization practices directly and indirectly impact the health of flight crews.Informatio
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The ethics of care and participatory design : a situated exploration
Full text linkThis thesis provides suggestions to an early-stage start-up regarding integration of ethical perspectives throughout the design process. By critically considering core tenets of feminist care ethics and participatory design, the project establishes a foundation of synergies and methodological overlaps between the ethical theory and design process. This understanding is then utilized to propose a framework emphasizing contextual relationality between project stakeholders for integration within a design. The framework is applied to identify opportunities for support within the prototyping of Camp Cura, an AI-powered mobile application aimed to help young adults self-manage asthma symptoms. Through shadowing the initial design team’s work, areas of particular caution within the design are identified. The thesis culminates in tailored identifications of opportunities for ethical framework integration and areas for project improvement.Informatio
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Manual and automatic analysis of patients values and preferences using Seton HCAHPS surveys
Full text linkUnderstanding the values and preferences of patients is a key to patient-centered care. This study aims to identify these values and preferences by analyzing the data provided by The Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS). The data is presented as a free-form survey of patients of a variety of hospitals in the United States. The survey was conducted via telephone and concluded with free-form comments that provide a unique way to understand positive and negative sides of health care services. We use topic modeling to automatically identify the crucial aspects of patient-centered care as well as obtain the most high- and low-rated traits of the healthcare system. In particular, we use Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) and Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) to identify the extent to which the topics correspond to values and preferences. In this study we present (1) an approach to manual and automatic evaluation of patients values and preferences and (2) a list of the aspects of the modern healthcare system that are crucial to its patients. This list can be used by hospitals in order to improve the quality of services they provide. Our findings have important implications for patient satisfaction, patient-provider relationships, and, ultimately, health outcomes.Informatio
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Future information professionals’ perspectives on the impact of AI on the future of their profession
Full text linkThe field of library and information science (LIS) has always shaped and been shaped by the changing tides of technology. Given that recent developments in AI appear to be the next technological wave that may bring major disruption for the future of information professionals, how are students in ALA-accredited master’s programs reacting to these changes? This paper reports findings from interviews with students pursuing studies in librarianship and archival studies about their educational experiences with artificial intelligence (AI) and their expectations about how AI will impact their future careers as librarians and archivists. Key themes that emerge from this analysis include structural and professional changes in libraries and archives, the loss of human elements in
libraries and archives, and ethical challenges of AI in libraries and archives. Recommendations based on these findings include ways to adapt LIS education to better prepare students, such as developing courses that combine the technical aspects of how to leverage AI that is content and context relevant to libraries and archives, to ensure that librarians and archivists can have active roles in leveraging AI to better accomplish their goals of serving patrons’ information needs and wants and preserving the past.Informatio
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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Healthcare is the most breached industry : how do we change that?
Full text linkHealthcare is the most breached industry in the United States. Health records are now fetching more money on the black market than credit card numbers. Threats to Healthcare data security come from criminal hackers, hacktivists, state-sponsored hackers, malicious employees with perhaps the greatest threat coming from accidental or negligent disclosure by employees. Most information security related investments are driven by the need to meet Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) requirements. Typically, these investments are characterized by heavy reliance on technology, outsourcing security activities, and risk transfer (Cyber Liability Policy). As a result of this compliance focused security spending, little headway is made in reducing the number of breaches in healthcare. Two important weaknesses that will continue to inhibit progress in protecting health information are: the industry lacks a culture of security, and there is a lack of strong leadership among those tasked with overseeing information security.Informatio
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