1,720,966 research outputs found
Forensic applications of 14C at CIRCE.Contributed Talk alla conferenza europea sull'applicazione degli acceleratori alla ricerca e la tecnologia (ECAART). Atene 13-19 Settembre 2010.
No full textAcute and chronic toxicity of six anticancer drugs on rotifers and crustaceans
No full textThe growing use of cytostatic drugs is gaining relevance as an environmental concern.
Environmental and distribution studies are increasing due to the development of accurate analytical methods, whereas ecotoxicological studies are still lacking. The aim of the present study was to
investigate the acute and chronic toxicity of six cytostatics belonging to five classes of Anatomical
Therapeutic Classification (ATC) (5-fluorouracil, capecitabine, cisplatin, doxorubicin, etoposide,
and imatinib) on primary consumers of the aquatic chain (Daphnia magna, Ceriodaphnia dubia,
Brachionus calyciflorus, and Thamnocephalus platyurus). Acute ecotoxicological effects occurred
at concentrations in the order of mg L-136 , higher than those predicted in the environment, and the
most acutely toxic drugs among those tested were cisplatin and doxorubicin for most aquatic
organisms. For chronic toxicity, cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil were the most toxic drugs in all test
organisms, inducing reproduction inhibition in 50% of crustaceans at a concentration on the order
of μg L-140 . Rotifers were less susceptible to this class of pharmaceuticals. On the basis of chronic
results, the low concentrations for an effect suggest a potential environmental risk of cytostatics.
Thus, this study represents an important starting point for establishing the real environmental
impact of these substances
Polyphenol characterization and antioxidant evaluation of Olea europaea varieties cultivated in Cilento National Park (Italy)
No full textOver time, a large number of cultivars of Olea europaea, one of the oldest cultivated trees in the world, appeared as a result of events such as outcrossing, mutation, and selective pressure (including grower requirements) on the original olive germplasm. Some cultivars are characteristic of a particular country, whereas others are scattered over an area of cultivation. In the Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park, numerous olive varieties are grown as the native cultivars 'Pisciottana', 'Rotondella', and 'Salella', the varieties 'Frantoio' and 'Biancolilla', widely cultivated in Southern Italy, and a new variety, known as 'FS17', obtained by self-pollination of 'Frantoio' cultivar. In order to assess the phenolic composition of these cultivars, metabolomic techniques (1D and 2D NMR, and HPLC analyses) were extensively applied. 1H-NMR spectral data were processed and analyzed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to point out possible differences in polyphenol composition between the cultivars. The radical scavenging capacity of the investigated cultivars was also evaluated through 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylydrazyl (DPPH). Folin-Ciocalteu reagent was used to estimate the total phenolic content. The cultivar 'FS17' showed lower total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity than the other analyzed varieties. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd
Plant bioassay to assess the effects of allelochemicals on the metabolome of the target species Aegilops geniculata by an NMR-based approach
No full textA metabolomic-based approach for the study of allelopathic interactions in the Mediterranean area is proposed using Aegilops geniculata Roth (Poaceae), a Mediterranean herbaceous plant, as test species. Its metabolome has been elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR experiments. Hydroponic plant cultures of A. geniculata were treated with specific compounds of known allelopathic potential: catechol, coumarin, p-coumaric acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, ferulic acid and juglone. The metabolic variations due to the presence of allelochemicals have been analyzed and measured. All of the compounds showed the strongest effects at the highest concentration, with coumarin and juglone as the most active compounds, causing an increase of several metabolites. The metabolome changes in test plants confirmed the allelochemicals' reported modes of action. The results demonstrated that the proposed method is a promising tool. It can be applied to plant extracts, making it possible to evidence the metabolites responsible for the activity, as well as their mechanisms of action. © 2013 Elsevier B.V
Seasonal phytochemical changes in Phillyrea angustifolia L.: Metabolomic analysis and phytotoxicity assessment
No full textPlants show seasonality in the secondary metabolite production and the resulting variability can influence plant bioactivity. A study aimed at determining the seasonal metabolic changes in Phillyrea angustifolia and the effects of them on its biological activity has been carried out. The NMR profiles of the extracts obtained from leaves monthly collected from April 2011 to March 2012 revealed a variation of the iridoid content along the year. Oleuropein and the dialdehydic form of decarboxymethyloleuropein (DHPEA-EDA) were the main metabolites present in the extracts. All the extracts have been tested for their phytotoxicity against Triticum ovatum, a P. angustifolia coexisting plant, using a recently proposed metabolomic based approach. Different plant extracts produced a very diverse response in the target plant metabolome. T. ovatum plants treated with plants collected during summer were very similar to the control, while the extracts obtained from leaves collected in winter, containing the highest amount of oleuropein, were the most active against the test species. The metabolic variation detected in different extracts, could be linked to the phoenological stages or induced by environmental stresses (drought, temperature, competition, herbivores, etc.) to which plants are exposed in Mediterranean ecosystems. © 2013 Phytochemical Society of Europe
Isolation, distribution and allelopathic effect of caffeic acid derivatives from Bellis perennis L.
No full text"Allelopathic effects of caffeic acid and seven of its derivatives, isolated from leaves of Bellis perennis L., have been evaluated on seed germination and seedling growth of two coexisting Mediterranean species (Dactylis hispanica and Aegilops geniculata). The structures of the metabolites have been elucidated on the basis of their spectroscopic features. Cluster analysis of biological data pointed out interesting relationships between the chemical structures of the compounds and their biological effects. The distribution of caffeic acid derivatives in plant organs, as well as their presence in soil community, has been investigated. The leaf decomposition seems to justify the presence of caffeic acid derivatives in the soil."Allelopathic effects of caffeic acid and seven of its derivatives, isolated from leaves of . Bellis perennis L., have been evaluated on seed germination and seedling growth of two coexisting Mediterranean species (. Dactylis hispanica and . Aegilops geniculata). The structures of the metabolites have been elucidated on the basis of their spectroscopic features. Cluster analysis of biological data pointed out interesting relationships between the chemical structures of the compounds and their biological effects. The distribution of caffeic acid derivatives in plant organs, as well as their presence in soil community, has been investigated. The leaf decomposition seems to justify the presence of caffeic acid derivatives in the soil. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd
Allelopathic potential of alkylphenols from Dactylis glomerata subsp. hispanica (Roth) Nyman
No full textEleven alkylphenols were isolated from the aerial parts of Dactylis glomerata subsp. hispanica, six of them described for the first time. The structural characterization of these compounds has been elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR techniques. The fragmentation patterns of the metabolites obtained by GC-MS analysis allowed the side chain to be elucidated. The allelopathic potential of three alkylphenols, representative of each homologous series of alkylphenols from D. glomerata subsp. hispanica, has been assayed on D. glomerata subsp. hispanica and an herbaceous coexisting species, Phleum subulatum. The bioassay results showed a high auto-stimulation values of germination and root and shoot elongation for D. glomerata subsp. hispanica at high concentrations. © 2011 Phytochemical Society of Europe. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Chemical interactions between plants in Mediterranean vegetation: The influence of selected plant extracts on Aegilops geniculata metabolome
Full text linkAllelopathy is the chemical mediated communication among plants. While on one hand there is growing interest in the field, on the other hand it is still debated as doubts exist at different levels. A number of compounds have been reported for their ability to influence plant growth, but the existence of this phenomenon in the field has rarely been demonstrated. Furthermore, only few studies have reported the uptake and the effects at molecular level of the allelochemicals. Allelopathy has been reported on some plants of Mediterranean vegetation and could contribute to structuring this ecosystem. Sixteen plants of Mediterranean vegetation have been selected and studied by an NMR-based metabolomics approach. The extracts of these donor plants have been characterized in terms of chemical composition and the effects on a selected receiving plant, Aegilops geniculata, have been studied both at the morphological and at the metabolic level. Most of the plant extracts employed in this study were found to have an activity, which could be correlated with the presence of flavonoids and hydroxycinnamate derivatives. These plant extracts affected the receiving plant in different ways, with different rates of growth inhibition at morphological level. The results of metabolomic analysis of treated plants suggested the induction of oxidative stress in all the receiving plants treated with active donor plant extracts, although differences were observed among the responses. Finally, the uptake and transport into receiving plant leaves of different metabolites present in the extracts added to the culture medium were observed. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Allelopathy is the chemical mediated communication among plants. While on one hand there is growing interest in the field, on the other hand it is still debated as doubts exist at different levels. A number of compounds have been reported for their ability to influence plant growth, but the existence of this phenomenon in the field has rarely been demonstrated. Furthermore, only few studies have reported the uptake and the effects at molecular level of the allelochemicals.Allelopathy has been reported on some plants of Mediterranean vegetation and could contribute to structuring this ecosystem. Sixteen plants of Mediterranean vegetation have been selected and studied by an NMR-based metabolomics approach. The extracts of these donor plants have been characterized in terms of chemical composition and the effects on a selected receiving plant, Aegilops geniculata, have been studied both at the morphological and at the metabolic level. Most of the plant extracts employed in this study were found to have an activity, which could be correlated with the presence of flavonoids and hydroxycinnamate derivatives. These plant extracts affected the receiving plant in different ways, with different rates of growth inhibition at morphological level.The results of metabolomic analysis of treated plants suggested the induction of oxidative stress in all the receiving plants treated with active donor plant extracts, although differences were observed among the responses. Finally, the uptake and transport into receiving plant leaves of different metabolites present in the extracts added to the culture medium were observed. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Oleanane saponins from Bellis sylvestris Cyr. and evaluation of their phytotoxicity on Aegilops geniculata Roth
No full textSix oleanane saponins were isolated for the first time from leaves of Bellis sylvestris Cyr., the southern daisy. Their structures were established by the extensive use of 2D-NMR experiments, including COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HSQC, HMBC, CIGAR, H2BC, and HSQC-TOCSY, along with Q-TOF HRMS2 analysis. All of the compounds are constituted by bayogenin as aglycone, and characterized by the presence of an oligosaccharide moiety, consisting of two to four sugar unities esterified at the C-28 carboxyl carbon. One of the isolated compounds is a bisdesmoside containing an additional sugar moiety at the C-3 carbon. The phytotoxic activity assayed against Aegilops geniculata Roth., a coexisting test species, has been evaluated revealing that all the compounds, at the highest concentrations, showed strong phytotoxicity against the leaf development. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
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