3,842 research outputs found
Pioglitazone decreases fasting and postprandial endogenous glucose production in proportion to decrease in hepatic triglyceride content
No full textOBJECTIVE—Hepatic triglyceride is closely associated with hepatic insulin resistance and is known to be decreased by thiazolididinediones. We studied the effect of pioglitazone on hepatic triglyceride content and the consequent effect on postprandial endogenous glucose production (EGP) in type 2 diabetes.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Ten subjects with type 2 diabetes on sulfonylurea therapy were treated with pioglitazone (30 mg daily) for 16 weeks. EGP was measured using a dynamic isotopic methodology after a standard liquid test meal both before and after pioglitazone treatment. Liver and muscle triglyceride levels were measured by 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and intra-abdominal fat content was measured by magnetic resonance imaging.
RESULTS—Pioglitazone treatment reduced mean plasma fasting glucose and mean peak postprandial glucose levels. Fasting EGP decreased after pioglitazone treatment (16.6 ± 1.0 vs. 12.2 ± 0.7 μmol · kg−1 · min−1, P = 0.005). Between 80 and 260 min postprandially, EGP was twofold lower on pioglitazone (2.58 ± 0.25 vs. 1.26 ± 0.30 μmol · kg−1 · min−1, P < 0.001). Hepatic triglyceride content decreased by ∼50% (P = 0.03), and muscle (anterior tibialis) triglyceride content decreased by ∼55% (P = 0.02). Hepatic triglyceride content was directly correlated with fasting EGP (r = 0.64, P = 0.01) and inversely correlated to percentage suppression of EGP (time 150 min, r = −0.63, P = 0.02). Muscle triglyceride, subcutaneous fat, and visceral fat content were not related to EGP.
CONCLUSIONS—Reduction in hepatic triglyceride by pioglitazone is very closely related to improvement in fasting and postprandial EGP in type 2 diabetes
Acute inhibition of lipolysis does not affect postprandial suppression of endogenous glucose production.
No full textTo test the hypothesis that intrahepatic availability of fatty acid could modify the rate of suppression of endogenous glucose production (EGP), acipimox or placebo was administered before and during a test meal. We used a modified isotopic methodology to measure EGP in 11 healthy subjects, and 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopic measurement of hepatic triglyceride stores was also undertaken. Acipimox suppressed plasma free fatty acids markedly before the meal (0.05 ± 0.01 mmol/l at –10 min, P = 0) and throughout the postprandial period (0.03 ± 0.01 mmol/l at 150 min). Mean peak plasma glucose was significantly lower after the meal on acipimox days (8.9 ± 0.4 vs. 10.1 ± 0.5 mmol/l, P < 0.01), as was mean peak serum insulin (653.1 ± 99.9 vs. 909 ± 118 pmol/l, P < 0.01). Fasting EGP was similar (11.15 ± 0.58 μmol·kg–1·min–1 placebo vs. 11.17 ± 0.89 mg·kg–1·min–1 acipimox). The rate of suppression of EGP after the meal was almost identical on the 2 test days (4.36 ± 1.52 vs. 3.69 ± 1.21 μmol·kg–1·min–1 at 40 min). There was a significant negative correlation between the acipimox-induced decrease in peak plasma glucose and liver triglyceride content (r = –0.827, P = 0.002), suggesting that, when levels of liver fat were low, inhibition of lipolysis was able to affect glucose homeostasis. Acute pharmacological sequestration of fatty acids in triglyceride stores improves postprandial glucose homeostasis without effect on the immediate postprandial suppression of EGP
Combination peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and alpha agonist treatment in Type 2 diabetes prevents the beneficial pioglitazone effect on liver fat content.
No full textAims Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ and PPAR-α agonists individually reduce intra-organ triglyceride content and improve insulin sensitivity. However, the precise effects of combined PPAR-γ and PPAR-α therapy on intra-organ triglyceride content and insulin sensitivity in subjects with Type 2 diabetes have not yet been determined.
Methods Diet-controlled Type 2 subjects (n = 9) were studied before and after 16 weeks of combined PPAR-γ [pioglitazone (PIO), 45 mg daily] and PPAR-α [bezafibrate (BEZA), modified release 400 mg daily] agonist therapy. Glucose metabolism and endogenous glucose production were measured following a standard liquid test meal. Liver and muscle triglyceride levels were measured by 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Results Combined PIO and BEZA therapy reduced mean fasting (7.5 ± 0.5 vs. 6.5 ± 0.2 mmol/l, P = 0.04) and peak postprandial plasma glucose (15.3 ± 1.1 vs. 11.7 ± 0.6 mmol/l, P = 0.007). No significant change in hepatic or muscle triglyceride content was observed. Postprandial suppression of endogenous glucose production remained similar on both study days. Both subcutaneous and visceral fat content increased following therapy.
Conclusions Combined PIO and BEZA therapy in Type 2 diabetes does not decrease intrahepatic triglyceride content or postprandial endogenous glucose production. This study demonstrates an unexpected adverse interaction of PPAR-α with PPAR-γ agonist therapy
Self-compression of 4.9 µm pulses to sub-40 fs with 2 mJ energy in Zinc Sulfide
No full textNonlinear self-compression of few-cycle multi-mJ pulses at 4.9 µm in ZnS is presented. 80 fs input pulses are compressed to 37 fs with 2.1 mJ energy at a 1 kHz repetition rate. © 2024 The Author(s
Correction to: Chamoun et al., Bacterial pathogenesis and interleukin-17: interconnecting mechanisms of immune regulation, host genetics, and microbial virulence that influence severity of infection
No full textChamoun MN, Blumenthal A, Sullivan MJ, Schembri MA, Ulett GC. 2018. Bacterial pathogenesis and interleukin-17: interconnecting mechanisms of immune regulation, host genetics, and microbial virulence that influence severity of infection. Critical Reviews in Microbiology. https://doi.org/10.1080/1040841X.2018.1426556.
When the above article was first published online, the below three corrections were missed.
The author ‘Antje Blumenthal’ was wrongly affiliated to the affiliation “cSchool of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, and Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia”. Now this affiliation has been removed for this author.
The affiliation ‘bTranslational Research Institute, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia’ of the author ‘Antje Blumenthal’ should read ‘bThe University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia’.
In Table 3, the sentence ‘Benefit of manipulating IL-17 levels to improve immunization strategies M. tuberculosis’ should read “Benefit of manipulating IL-17 levels to improve immunization strategies against M. tuberculosis”.No Full Tex
Generation of 22-mJ, 2.0-ps Pulses from a 1-kHz Ho:YLF Regenerative Chirped Pulse Amplifier
No full textWe report a CW-pumped Ho:YLF regenerative amplifier (RA) delivering pulses with 22.5-mJ energy and 2.0-ps duration at 1 kHz. The RA emitting at 2051 nm is broadband-seeded and implemented in a chirped pulse amplification system. © 2024 The Author(s
Evaluation of a technique for estimation of extraocular muscle volume using 2D MRI
No full textMeasurements of extraocular muscle volume may be useful as an outcome indicator in the assessment of treatment options in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. In this study, a technique for estimating extraocular muscle volume from two-dimensional T-1 weighted MR images acquired in the coronal plane is described. For each image slice, the cross-sectional area of individual extraocular muscles was estimated using a combination of semi-automated outlining based on a local thresholding technique and manual outlining where thresholding was not possible. The technique was assessed using three sets of images: a computer-generated virtual image set with "extraocular muscles" of known volumes; a set of images from 19 biochemically and clinically euthyroid patients; and images from 7 patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. From the computer-generated images, the accuracy was determined as 7.6%. Intraobserver agreement was investigated using repeated MRI scans on a single subject and repeat outlining of muscles on five sets of images from different subjects. The mean difference between repeat measurements was 2% (SD 5.9%). We conclude that two-dimensional MR images can be used to determine changes in muscle volume of greater than 12% during treatment of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy
Pure-rotational 1D-CARS spatiotemporal thermometry with a single regenerative amplifier system
No full textWe report spatiotemporal pure-rotational coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) in a one-dimensional imaging arrangement obtained with a single ultrafast regenerative amplifier system. The femtosecond pump/Stokes photon pairs, used for impulsive excitation, are delivered by an external compressor operating on a ∼35% beam split of the uncompressed amplifier output (2.5 mJ/pulse). The picosecond 1.2 mJ probe pulse is produced via the second-harmonic bandwidth compression (SHBC) of the ∼65% remainder of the amplifier output (4.5 mJ/pulse), which originates from the internal compressor. The two pump/Stokes and probe pulses are spatially, temporally, and repetition-wise correlated at the measurement, and the signal generation plane is relayed by a wide-field coherent imaging spectrometer onto the detector plane, which is refreshed at the same repetition rate as the ultrafast regenerative amplifier system. We demonstrate 1 kHz cinematographic 1D-CARS gas-phase thermometry across an unstable premixed methane/air flame-front, achieved with a single-shot precision <1% and accuracy <3%, 1.4 mm field of view, and an excellent <20 µm line-spread function.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Flight Performance and Propulsio
Project: Establishing an accounting outsourcing company "MJ Grāmatvedība" Ltd
No full textProjekta ideja ir izveidot grāmatvedības ārpakalpojumu uzņēmumu SIA „MJ Grāmatvedība”, kurš sniegtu pilna vai daļēja cikla grāmatvedības pakalpojumus, sākot ar pirmreizējo dokumentu apstrādi un beidzot ar visu nepieciešamo atskaišu sagatavošanu, kā arī konsultāciju sniegšanu. Projekta mērķis ir ne tikai sniegt grāmatvedības pakalpojumus, bet arī analizēt uzņēmumu darbību un izstrādāt ieteikumus darbības uzlabošanai. Darba autore uzskata, ka nozares pārstāvjiem ir būtiski jāpierāda sava nozīme un to kādam jābūt mūsdienu grāmatvedim. Grāmatvedis nav tikai persona, kura izdara konkrētus darbus, nodos atskaites, tas ir cilvēks, kuram labi jāpārzina nodokļu sistēma, finanšu vadīšana, jāspēj sniegt padomus uzņēmuma finanšu vadības uzlabošanai, kā arī jāspēj pielāgoties tehnoloģiju radītajām izmaiņām. Maģistra darbs apjoms ir uz 105 lappusēm, kas sastāv no 7 nodaļām, 17 pielikumiem, 22 tabulām un 7 attēliem. Darba izstrādē izmantoti 70 informācijas avoti.The general project idea is to establish the accountancy firm MJ Accountancy Ltd., which would provide full or half-cycle accountancy services including the processing of primary documentation, reports’ preparation, and providing of the accountancy consultations. The aim of the project is not only to provide accountancy consultations but also to deal with firms activity analysis and developing suggestions on their activity improvement. The author of the project supports the idea that the field representatives must constantly sustain the status of the accountant’s profession in current times. The accountant is not only the person who executes one’s regular duties and submits reports, but also the person who is competent in the field of taxes, financial management, able to advise on improvements in financial management, and above all able to adapt to the technological changes. The volume of the project is 105 pages, which includes 7 chapters, 17 appendices, 22 tables, 7 figures. 70 sources of information were used in master’s thesis
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