1,721,056 research outputs found
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) in Mediterranean water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis): prevalence of bubaline herpesvirus 1
Full text linkIntroduction
Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV1) andbubaline herpesvirus 1 (BuHV1) are ruminant alphaherpesviruses.BoHV-1 can provoke infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), genital disorders, conjunctivitis, abortions, encephalitis or immune suppression which may lead to secondary bacterial infections and cause pneumonia. Hence, BoHV-1 infection mightcause substantial economic loss and trade restrictions in cattle industry.IBR control and eradication programshave been implemented in many Europeancountries.Recent serological surveys described a prevalence of antibodies against BuHV-1 in water buffalo farms in Campania Region.
Objectives
The aim of this study was to compare the results of two different serological surveys, performed respectively in 2009 and in 2016, to evaluate the prevalence of BoHV-1 and BuHV-1 infections in water buffalo farms in the Province of Caserta, Campania Region (Italy), whereIBR control programs wererecently implemented.
Animals and methods
In both surveys, serum samples were collected from buffalo farms (precisely,862 animals/28 farms in 2009 and 309/16 farms in 2016).To detect antibodies for IBR,two commercial ELISA kitswere used, and,precisely, in 2009 IBR-gB and IBR-gE (IDEXX), in 2016 Eradikit Discrimination BoHV-1/BuHV-1 (IN3 diagnostic). Both tests provide the most correct diagnosis on serum samples (Nogarol et al., 2014;Tignon et al., 2017).
Results and Discussion
In 2009, we detected a seroprevalence of BuHV-1 (49,55%) vs. BoHV-1 (23,06%).In 2016, 57,60% of buffaloes were positive to BuHV-1 vs. BoHV-1 (1,62%), according with another survey carried out in the same Region (Caruso et al., 2016).
Overall, we detected a time-dependent increase in BuHV-1 prevalence and a significantdecrease in BoHV-1 infection rates between the two surveys.To explain the difference in the decrease of BoHV-1, we suppose thata possible explanation could be in the existence of antigenic cross-reactionsbetween these viruses and in their abilityto crossthe speciesbarrier. Indeed,both BoHV-1 and BuHV-1 have been reported to cross the species barrier (Thiry et al., 2006).
Conclusion
Currently, the high percentage of sera reactive to BuHV-1 (57,60%) indicates that BuHV-1may be the main circulating alphaherpesvirus infection in Mediterranean water buffalo
Levels of PCDD/Fs, PCBs, metals and rare earth elements in eggs and vegetables from areas with different environmental contamination impacts in the Campania region (Southern Italy)
No full text: Studying the links between environmental pollution and the levels of contamination in food is an important challenge to ensure human health. Matched samples of eggs from free-range hens and vegetables were analysed to investigate the bioaccumulation of PCDD/Fs, PCBs, metals and rare earth elements. Only two egg samples resulted above the limit fixed for PCDD/Fs and the action level set for DL-PCBs. The highest concentrations were found in the eggs from an area situated in a big city affected by strong urbanisation. Although eggs and vegetables were subjected to the same environmental pollution, the PCDD/F and PCB bioaccumulation that occurred in the eggs was much higher than those in vegetables (p < 0.01). In vegetables, the highest PCDD/F and PCB concentrations were found in lettuce and potatoes grown on contaminated soil. Higher bioaccumulation of Fe and Zn occurred in eggs compared to vegetables; La, Pr, Nd, Sm and Eu were found only in lettuce samples. The results of this study may provide important data useful in the risk assessment of human exposure through diet in accidents involving dangerous chemicals. Furthermore, the estimated weekly intakes calculated for PCDD/Fs and PCBs highlighted that, although vegetables accumulate very low concentrations of these contaminants, they contribute more than eggs to human exposure
Canine Coronavirus Activates Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor during In Vitro Infection
Full text linkThe aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that interacts with substrates, including microbial metabolites. Recent advances reveal that AhR is involved in the host response to coronaviruses (CoVs) infection. Particularly, AhR antagonists decrease the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) via AhR up-regulation, resulting in suppression of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in mammalian cells. Herein, we report that AhR is expressed in canine fibrosarcoma (A72) cells, where it is considerably activated by infection with genotype II of canine coronavirus (CCoV-II). The pharmacological inhibition of AhR, by CH223191, suppressed cell death signs and increased cell viability. Furthermore, the AhR antagonist induced a meaningful decline in virus yield, accompanied by the inhibition of the expression of viral nuclear protein (NP). Fascinatingly, during CCoV infection, a novel co-expression of NP and AhR expression was found. Taken together, our preliminary findings show that infection with CCoV activates AhR, and pharmacologic AhR inhibition reduces CCoV replication, identifying AhR as a possible candidate target for CCoV antiviral therapy
Modulation of Telomerase activity, bTERT and c-Myc induced by 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin during bovine herpesvirus 1 infection in MDBK cells.
No full textConcurrent caspase-8 and -9 inhibition prevented canine coronavirus-induced apoptosis affecting virus replication.
No full text2,3,7,8-tetraclorodibenzo-p-diossina modifica i livelli delle proteine P21 e TERT durante l???infezione da bovine Herpesvirus tipo 1.
No full textMG-132 reduces virus release in Bovine herpesvirus-1 infection. [Impact Factor 4.259]
No full textBovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) can provoke conjunctivitis, abortions and shipping fever. BoHV-1 infection can also cause immunosuppression and increased susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections, leading to pneumonia and occasionally to death. Herein, we investigated the influence of MG-132, a proteasome inhibitor, on BoHV-1 infection in bovine kidney (MDBK) cells. Infection of MDBK cells with BoHV-1 induces apoptotic cell death that enhances virus release. Whereas, MG-132 inhibited virus-induced apoptosis and stimulated autophagy. Protein expression of viral infected cell protein 0 (bICP0), which is constitutively expressed during infection and is able to stimulate Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), was completely inhibited by MG-132. These results were accompanied by a significant delay in the NF-κB activation. Interestingly, the efficient virus release provoked by BoHV-1-induced apoptosis was significantly reduced by MG-132. Overall, this study suggests that MG-132, through the activation of autophagy, may limit BoHV-1 replication during productive infection, by providing an antiviral defense mechanism
Penicillin-Resistant Aerococcus viridans Bacteremia Associated with Bovine Severe Respiratory Syndrome
No full textAerococcus viridans, a less frequently isolated bacteria, is a gram-positive, catalase-negative coccus, found singly or in
tetrads, with biochemical and growth characteristics of streptococci and enterococci. This microorganism, usually susceptible
to penicillin, is often found in the environment and is infrequently associated with human/veterinary infections.
We described a case of Holstein Friesian female calf, 150-day-old, affected by respiratory emergencies. Following the
clinical signs, radiographic analysis and bacteriological/molecular examinations carried out on blood culture, a diagnosis
of severe broncho-pulmonary disease associate with a multidrug-resistant A. viridans bacteremia was done. The
present case highlights the invasive nature of a saprophytic bacterium showing a broad profile of antibiotic-resistance
including β-lactams. Furthermore, this report confirms that the effectiveness of an antibiotic therapy is based primarily
on a sure diagnosis including susceptibility testing
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