1,720,984 research outputs found
Housing loans: what about personality traits?
No full textTo investigate the role of personality traits (16PF model) on psychological attitudes about mortgage behaviour, 263 participants were asked their preferences and perceptions about housing loans. Results showed that: Extraversion positively predicted the preference for housing loans with adjustable rates, but also the tendency to change this preference; anxiety negatively predicted the preference for having housing loans, preferring fixed-rate mortgages, and the perception of high risks and low levels of predictability; tough-mindedness was positively associated with a preference for fixedrate mortgage (maintaining this preference over time), and with the perception over adjustable-rate mortgages of low risks and low predictability; independence negatively predicted the preference for adjustable-rate mortgages. These findings fit with a growing body of evidence suggesting that individual differences influence perceptions and preferences about mortgages
Metric properties of spatial images generated from locomotion: the effect of absolute size on mental scanning
No full textPerceptual Illusions in Imagery
No full textInvestigated the phenomenon of optical illusions. The authors argue that a mental image should not be particularly sensitive to variables which are critical in producing an optical illusion, i.e., variables affecting the early phases of information processing and field global effects. It is hypothesized that an optical illusion will be present in a perception condition but not in an equivalent imagery condition. Two experiments were conducted using the Ebbinghaus illusion and the Ponzo illusion. In Exp 1, 25 19–25 yr olds participated in perception and imagery conditions. In Exp 2, 39 20–24 yr olds were assigned to 1 of 2 experimental groups or a control group. The 1st experimental group, the perception condition was the same as in Exp 1. In the 2nd experimental group, the perception condition was the same as in the 1st group, with changes in the instructions for the imagery condition. The control group was included to see how Ss rated the size of the stimuli independently of the inducing elements. Results confirmed the hypothesis and demonstrated that there are asymmetries between perception and imagery and that such differences mainly concern specific perceptual processes that differ from those involved in the generation of a mental image.
Nudge and individual characteristics in decision-making
No full textPeople often tend to make inefficient decisions for the community well-being (e.g they do not invest money, they overuse medical screening or do not engage in politics) due to their individual differences, such as level of avoidance or anxiety. In recent years, Governments has successfully applied strategies, called “nudges”, to help people maximizing their decisions in economic and health areas, however the role of individual characteristics has not explored. The present study investigated whether Nudges, in particular default ones in which people were assigned to one program by Institution, can modulate the influence of such individual differences, promoting favourable decisions. 97 participants completed the Trait Anxiety Inventory, the General Decision Making Styles and scenarios about economic, health and civic domains. Participants have been enrolled (opt-out) or not enrolled (opt-in) in specific plans and had to decide whether to accept or change their condition. Result showed that opt-out condition drives people high in anxiety and avoidance to invest more and to be more engaged in politics, whereas in health field it helps those low in anxiety to be more prone to undergo medical screening. Nudge confirms its effectiveness in favoring better decisions among people according to their individual differences
Solving Mathematical puzzles: the viewpoints of Artificial Intelligence and Psychological Cognitive Science
No full text
Environment and object mental images in patients with representational neglect: Two case reports
No full textThe aim of this study was to shed light on the nature of the imagery deficits in two patients with representational neglect and to determine whether representational neglect is affected by the content of the mental images the patients have to generate, inspect and manipulate. In particular, we submitted two patients with different types of representational neglect to a battery of visual mental imagery tests to assess the different kinds of imagery processes. We found that Patient 1, whose performance was asymmetrical on the OClock Test, performed poorly on tasks involving the mental generation, inspection and manipulation of objects but showed no deficit on tasks involving the mental generation, inspection and manipulation of environments. On the other hand, Patient 2, whose performance was asymmetrical on the Familiar Squares Description Test, performed poorly on tasks involving the mental generation, inspection and manipulation of environments, but not on tasks involving the mental generation, inspection and manipulation of objects. Our results demonstrate that environments and objects in the imagery domain can be represented separately and can be selectively affected by damage following brain lesions. (JINS, 2010, 16, 921-932.) Copyright © 2010 INS. Published by Cambridge University Press
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