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    Investigating food losses and waste issue from a network perspective

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    In recent years, the negligent behaviour, wasteful management of resources, and simultaneously huge levels of undernourishment have been making the food loss and waste (FLW) issue more and more pressing: the seriousness of the problem stands out when also considering the consequent greenhouse gas emissions deriving from an useless production that remain in the atmosphere for thousands of years. The causes of food loss and waste can certainly be traced in the lack of proceduralisation along the agri-food chains and of knowledge transfer among stakeholders. A shared and proceduralised strategy that improves the effectiveness of the entire supply chain can certainly be a good starting point. Not-shared policies and strategies and missing proficient management of resources can be the possible causes. Several policy and research initiatives are in progress all over the world, but miscommunication and lack of knowledge seems to be the issue to be dealt with. Therefore, building a chain-oriented communication and innovative relational approach can represent a good strategy in order to reduce and to improve the FLW concerns. The aim of this paper is to propose a new methodological approach that analyses the FLW issue from a network perspective within the relationship between agri-food chain spatial proximity and relational networks. Social ties play a significant role in agricultural knowledge exchange, particular in countries very suited to agriculture and depending on rural structure. The assumption is that the chain works as a not oriented ‘path’ graph, that is weakly connected, or weak: it is expected that ‘missing networks’ or isolate nodes are characterized by a greater amount of FLW. Changing the agri-food chain in an oriented clique characterized by strong communication and relationship makes it possible to assign right position and role to different chain’s actors thus finding a new equilibrium aimed at decreasing FLW

    Food Loss and Waste: the new buzzwords. Exploring an evocative holistic 4Es model for firms and consumers

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    Etymologically, word ‘loss’ means to be deprived, temporarily or permanently, of use of faculty or an advantage. Therefore, when businesses and entrepreneurs suffer large amount of losses, they can be attributed to a non-effective and non-efficient way of handling assets. Consequently, high levels of bad management can be the cause for food losses (FL) across the agri-food supply chain. Food waste (FW) depends on consumers’ behavior in organizing food basket. FWL negatively affects the environment and global economy. The purpose of this paper is to propose a holistic 4Es (Ethical_Equity_Ecological_Economic) approach aimed at better managing and treating FLW along the agri-food chain’s firms from upstream to downstream stages by addressing entrepreneurs and consumers’ approach. Design: The work focuses on the definition and designing of three possible tools: (a) the implementation of a FL_Break-even point model; (b) the HACCP procedures including a scheme for FL critical points; and (c) a Consumer’s Tax FW declaration Model. Beginning with these tools, the work tries to define a holistic model by involving all the actors performing as a part of a strictly interlinked system
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