132 research outputs found
Bar Hillel and Machine Translation: Then and Now
No full textThe name of Yehoshua Bar Hillel is known to every student of machine translation. The late philosopher richly deserves this recognition: he had been a central figure in the early development of the field and contributed what should be considered the first set of sober assessments for MT at the time of the widespread gung-ho attitude to its prospects. The fame is probably due to the correctness of Bar Hillel’s forecasts of the field’s future stumbling blocks. Still, what is generally remembered of Bar Hillel’s contributions to MT is but a small fraction of his ideas and opinions on the subject. There is an unsettling tendency among my colleagues in MT, natural language processing, linguistics and AI tacitly to assume that their predecessors in the field, not having at their disposal either the latest machines or the latest theories, were somehow naive and “incomplete.” History of the subject starts for them with the dissertation work of their thesis advisor. For such people, Bar Hillel may only have the distinction of being the earliest widely quoted author in MT. In reality, reading Bar Hillel can be very instructive for today’s scholars, especially as he excelled in recognizing and assessing the intellectual evolution of entire fields (philosophy, logic, linguistics, MT) and pointing out lacunae in the applicability of their findings
Una creadora olvidada: Irène Hillel-Erlanger, entre el simbolismo y las vanguardias
No full textThis article is about an unknown author of the French avant-garde, Irène Hillel-Erlanger, and her main work, "Voyages en kaléidoscope", an unusual poetic novel, published in 1919, belonging to the genre of the “Scientific-marvellous”, the proto-science-fiction developed in France between 1900 and 1930. As a result of the hybridisation of the languages of symbolism and avant-garde experimentalism, the novel shows the tensions between these two movements, which will be studied through the analysis of thematic and formal aspects, such as allegory, hermeticism, fragmentarism, or visuality, as well as textual and discursive plurality. Finally, we will address the poetics of the gaze underlying the utopian invention of the kaleidoscope, in the context of the end of the First World War.Cet article porte sur une auteure méconnue de l’avant-garde française, Irène Hillel-Erlanger, et sur son œuvre principale, "les Voyages en kaléidoscope", un insolite roman poétique, publié en 1919, appartenant au genre du «merveilleux-scientifique», la protoscience-fiction développée en France entre 1900 et 1930. Fruit de l’hybridation des langages du symbolisme et de l’expérimentation avant-gardiste, dans le roman s’aperçoivent des tensions entre ces deux directions, qui seront étudiées à travers l’analyse d’aspects thématiques et formels, tels que l’al-légorisme, l’hermétisme, le fragmentarisme ou la visualité, ainsi que la pluralité textuelle et discursive. Pour finir, nous aborderons la poétique du regard sous-jacente à l’invention utopique du kaléidoscope, dans le contexte de la fin de la Première Guerre mondiale.Este artículo trata sobre una autora desconocida de la vanguardia francesa, Irène Hillel-Erlanger, y su obra principal, "Voyages en kaléidoscope", una insólita novela poética, publicada en 1919, perteneciente al género de lo «maravilloso-científico», la protociencia-ficción desarrollada en Francia entre 1900 y 1930. Fruto de la hibridación de los lenguajes del simbolismo y del experimentalismo vanguardista, en la novela se aprecian las tensiones entre estas dos direcciones, que estudiaremos a partir del análisis de aspectos temáticos y formales, como son el alegorismo, el hermetismo, el fragmentarismo o la visualidad, así como la pluralidad textual y discursiva. Para terminar, abordaremos la poética de la mirada subyacente al invento utópico del caleidoscopio, en el contexto del final de la I Guerra Mundial
Dynamics of Network Formation Processes in the Co-Author Model
No full textThis article studies the dynamics in the formation processes of a mutual consent network in game theory setting: the Co-Author Model. In this article, a limited observation is applied and analytical results are derived. Then, 2 parameters are varied: the number of individuals in the network and the initial probability of the links in the network in its initial state. A simulation result shows a finding that is consistent with an analytical result for a state of equilibrium while it also shows different possible equilibria.Dynamics, Network, Game Theory, Model,Simulation, Equilibrium, Complexity
Hillel de Vérone, traducteur et annotateur du Livre des causes, en Italie à la fin du XIIIe siècle
No full textParu sous le titre Hillel de Vérone, traducteur et annotateur du Livre des causes en hébreu, en Italie à la fin du XIIIe siècleInternational audienceReview of previous research and discussion of the date and the author of a Hebrew partial translation and commentary of the Liber de causis, from a unique manuscript, followed by the edition, Franch translation and (modern) commentary of the (medieval) commentary.Etat des recherches, datation et attribution d'une traduction partielle et d'un commentaire en hébreu du Liber de causis conservés dans un manuscrit unique, édition, traduction française et commentaire moderne du commentaire médiéval en question
A New Database Controlling for Age of Entry
No full textMeasuring International Skilled Migration: A New Database Controlling for Age of Entry Michel Beine, Frederic Docquier, and Hillel Rapoport Recent data on international migration of skilled workers define skilled migrants by education level without distinguishing whether they acquired their education in the home or the host country. Using these data and a simple gravity model to estimate the age-of-entry structure of the remaining 23 percent, alternative brain drain measures are proposed that exclude immigrants who arrived before ages 12, 18, and 22. the Belgian National Fund for Economic Research, professor of economics at the Universite Catholique de Louvain (Belgium), and a research fellow at the Institute for the Study of Labor (Bonn) and the Center for Research and Analysis of Migration at University College London; his email address is docquier ires.ucl.ac.be. Hillel Rapoport (corresponding author) is senior lecturer in economics at Bar-Ilan University, a member of EQUIPPE, Universites de Lille (EA CNRS 4018), and a research fellow at the Center for Research and Analysis of Migration at University College London; his email address is hillel mail.biu.ac.il. This article is part of the World Bank Migration and Development Program, which provided financial support. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions oxfordjournals.org 249 250 THE WORLD BANK ECONOMIC REVIEW source country, which should consider as skilled emigrants only people who received post-secondary training in their home country. After zeros and a few suspicious observations were eliminated, 1,580 observations remained for each age threshold (1990 and 2000 included). Survey data are not available for many countries, and when they are (for example, in the EU Labor Force Survey and in the European Community Household Panel), they do not provide representative cross-sectional pictures of immigrants' characteristics. Included as origin country characteristics in Zk are i democracy indicators and measures of public expenditures on primary, secondary, and tertiary education. And included as host country characteristics in Wk f are indicators of social expenditures, education expenditures,3 and degree of openness to immigration. Bringing together the census data on age of entry, which represent 77 percent of skilled immigrants to the OECD, and the estimated structure computed using the results of the parsimonious model for the remaining 23 percent5 provides alternative measures of the brain drain from which skilled immigrants who arrived before a given age are excluded
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