18 research outputs found
Navigating Autonomy: Legal Dynamics and Challenges in Italian Public Administration
No full textOutsourcing of external assignments and new autonomous collaborations within the Public Administration (P.A.) represent crucial topics in human resource management and the organization of public services within the Italian legal system. This study examines the legislative and jurisprudential evolution in this area, focusing on the Autonomous Work Jobs Act (Law 81/2017) and recent case law that has redefined the boundaries between subordinate and autonomous work within the Italian legal framework. The distinction between a work contract and subordinate work is explored, with particular attention to the essential characteristics of autonomous work, such as the absence of subordination constraints and organizational autonomy. Furthermore, the impact of the Jobs Act on human resource management within the P.A. is analyzed, emphasizing its relevance to Italian operators and those working within the Italian legal syste
LA GESTIONE DEI PAGAMENTI DELLE PUBBLICHE AMMINISTRAZIONI: ANALISI CRITICA DELLE NORMATIVE E DELLE PRASSI OPERATIVE: AGGIORNAMENTO ALLA CIRCOLARE DEL 15 MAGGIO 2024 (Italian Edition)
No full textLa tempestività dei pagamenti da parte delle pubbliche amministrazioni è un tema cruciale per l'efficienza della gestione finanziaria pubblica e la fiducia dei fornitori nei confronti dello Stato. La circolare n. 25 del 15 maggio 2024, emessa dal Dipartimento della Ragioneria Generale dello Stato, rappresenta un passo significativo verso il miglioramento dei tempi di pagamento delle amministrazioni pubbliche, rispondendo non solo alle direttive europee ma anche agli impegni presi con il Piano Nazionale di Ripresa e Resilienza (PNRR).
In questo commentario, verranno analizzate in dettaglio le disposizioni normative e le istruzioni operative contenute nella circolare, con l'obiettivo di fornire una guida chiara e dettagliata per gli operatori del settore, i funzionari pubblici e gli studiosi interessati alla materia
L'IA e la PA - Sfide e opportunità
No full textL’IA e la PA: Sfide e Opportunità è un’opera imprescindibile per professionisti, giuristi, amministratori pubblici e studiosi che desiderano approfondire il tema dell'integrazione dell'intelligenza artificiale (IA) nelle procedure della Pubblica Amministrazione (PA). Il libro, aggiornato al recente Codice degli Appalti Pubblici (D.lgs 36/2023), esplora in modo completo e dettagliato come le tecnologie avanzate stiano trasformando radicalmente il settore pubblico, offrendo nuove opportunità ma anche sollevando sfide significative. Nel contesto di un mondo sempre più digitale, dove l’efficienza, la trasparenza e la rapidità dei processi sono diventate priorità imprescindibili, questo volume si pone come una guida essenziale per comprendere come l’IA possa essere applicata in modo efficace e responsabile. Gli autori conducono il lettore attraverso una panoramica delle principali tecnologie di IA, illustrando il loro funzionamento, le applicazioni pratiche e il potenziale impatto sulle procedure amministrative. La capacità dell'IA di apprendere autonomamente dai dati, di effettuare analisi predittive e di supportare decisioni complesse viene presentata come una risorsa fondamentale per ottimizzare i processi nella PA. Il cuore del libro è dedicato all'analisi delle disposizioni introdotte dal nuovo Codice degli Appalti Pubblici, che sancisce l'obbligatorietà dell'adozione di sistemi digitali e automatizzati per la gestione delle gare d'appalto e per il monitoraggio dell'esecuzione dei contratti. Gli autori offrono una disamina critica delle normative, evidenziando come queste possano essere integrate efficacemente nelle pratiche quotidiane delle amministrazioni pubbliche. Vengono inoltre discussi i rischi associati, come il possibile aumento dei bias algoritmici e le difficoltà di garantire trasparenza e tracciabilità nelle decisioni automatizzate. Un aspetto centrale del testo è l'approfondimento delle sfide etiche e legali connesse all'uso dell'IA nella PA. La possibilità che le decisioni automatizzate possano perpetuare disparità di trattamento o violare principi fondamentali come l'equità e la non discriminazione è un tema ricorrente. Gli autori propongono soluzioni concrete per affrontare questi problemi, come l'adozione di algoritmi trasparenti e l'inclusione di un controllo umano nelle fasi cruciali del processo decisionale. L'attenzione alla responsabilità e all'accountability è costante, con raccomandazioni per garantire che l'IA sia utilizzata in..
La “nuova” solidarietà europea in materia di asilo e immigrazione: molto rumore per poco?
No full textL’articolo propone una disamina di alcuni profili problematici posti dal Nuovo Patto sulla migrazione e asilo del 23 settembre 2020, promosso dalla Commissione europea. Analizzando i caratteri giuridici della nuova prospettiva in materia di solidarietà e le misure previste, l’Autore procede ad una disamina dell’ambito oggettivo di applicazione della normativa proposta. Infine, in seguito ad una critica delle misure, verifica i possibili scenari futuri.The article aims to underline some issues of the new Pact on Migration and Asylum proposed by the European Commission on September 23rd, 2020. The Author analyzes the juridical characteristics of the most recent perspective on solidarity and the rules provided. Furthermore, the Author highlights the objective field of application of the rules. Lastly, after a critic of the measures, the Author verifies possible future scenarios
Fundaciòn y desarrollo de la neuropsiquiatrìa infantil en un estudio historiogràfico de la obra de Sante De Sanctis y Lanfranco Ciampi (parte I: Sante De Sanctis)
No full textThis paper aims to make a historiographical study about the foundation and development of the Italian child neuropsychiatry through the work of Sante De Sanctis by a systematized survey of documentary sources and its treatment with qualitative techniques of critical discourse analysis. Some aspects of his work were investigated, such as the study of dreams; and the impact of his research was measuredin the context of local production and the scope at the international level. Likewise, this study searches for traces of his hard work disciple —Lanfranco Ciampi— in Rosario (Argentina), who devoted his life to the social adaptation of the mentally ill child. The first hypothesis that guides this research argues that the most studied facts of the work of De Sanctis, his contributions to the Child Neuropsychiatry did not reflect the prolific spirit of the author. The second hypothesis, derived from the previous one, states that the pluralistic approach of the studies of De Sanctis about the psychophysical reality of man allowed him to achieve worldwide recognition of doctors, psychiatrists and psychologists. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
Social isolation from early life induces anxiety-like behaviors in adult rats: Relation to neuroendocrine and neurochemical dysfunctions
No full textSubjects suffering from psychosis frequently experience anxiety. However, mechanisms underlying this comorbidity remain still unclear. We investigated whether neurochemical and neuroendocrine dysfunctions were involved in the development of anxiety-like behavior in a rodent model of psychotic-like symptoms, obtained by exposing male rats to social isolation rearing from postnatal day 21 to postnatal day 70. In the elevated zero maze test, isolated rats showed a significant reduction in the time spent in the open arms, as well as an increase in the time spent in the closed arms, compared to controls. An increased grooming time in the open field test was also observed in isolated animals. Isolation-induced anxiety-like behavior was accompanied by a decrease of plasmatic oxytocin, prolactin, ghrelin and melatonin levels, whereas plasmatic amount of Neuropeptide S was not altered. Social isolation also caused a reduction of noradrenaline, serotonin and GABA levels, together with an increase of serotonin turnover and glutamate levels in the amygdala of isolated animals. No significant differences were found in noradrenaline and serotonin levels, as well as in serotonin turnover in hippocampus, while glutamate amount was increased and GABA levels were reduced in isolated rats. Furthermore, there was a reduction in plasmatic serotonin content, and an increase in plasmatic kynurenine levels following social isolation, while no significant changes in serotonin turnover were observed. Taken together, our data provide novel insights in the neurobiological alterations underlying the comorbidity between psychosis and anxiety, and open new perspectives for multi-target therapies acting on both neurochemical and neuroendocrine pathways. Data availability statement: The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author
Influencias de De Sanctis en Argentina a través de la labor de Ciampi en la primera cátedra de Neuropsiquiatría Infantil
No full textThe aim of this research was to conduct a survey of Lanfranco Ciampi's work in the city of Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina. This work studied his formation in neuropsychiatry, the subsequent relationship with his teacher Sante de Sanctis, and his institutional development that included the foundation of the First School for Mentally Retarded Children in Argentina and the first chair of Child Neuropsychiatry in the world. For this, the concepts of educability and dangerousness, ?key points in the work of the author? were analyzed to evaluate their application in the institutional designs of the Faculty of medicine, pharmacy and other Branches of Medical Sciences of the Universidad Nacional del Litoral and the headquarters of the League for Mental Health in Rosario. Methodologically, it is a retrospective ex post facto research for which documentary sources are studied through qualitative techniques of critical discourse analysisEl objetivo de la presente investigación fue llevar a cabo un relevamiento de la obra de Lanfranco Ciampi en la ciudad de Rosario (Santa Fe, Argentina). Se indagó sobre su formación en neuropsiquiatría, la posterior relación con su maestro Sante de Sanctis y su desempeño institucional, que incluyó la fundación de la primera escuela para niños retardados de la argentina y de la primera cátedra de Neuropsiquiatría Infantil del mundo. Al respecto, se analizaron los conceptos de educabilidad y peligrosidad ?esenciales en la obra del autor? para evaluar su aplicación en los diseños institucionales de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Farmacia y Ramos Menores de la Universidad Nacional del Litoral y de la sede de Rosario de la Liga de Higiene mental. Metodológicamente, se trata de una investigación ex post facto retrospectiva en la cual las fuentes documentales son abordadas mediante técnicas cualitativas de análisis crítico de discurso
Fundaciòn y desarrollo de la neuropsiquiatrìa infantil en un estudio historiogràfico de la obra de Sante De Sanctis y Lanfranco Ciampi (parte II: Lanfranco Ciampi)
No full textThis paper aims to make a historiographical study about the foundation and development of the Italian child neuropsychiatry through the work of Sante De Sanctis by a systematized survey of documentary sources and its treatment with qualitative techniques of critical discourse analysis. Some aspects of his work were investigated, such as the study of dreams; and the impact of his research was measuredin the context of local production and the scope at the international level. Likewise, this study searches for traces of his hard work disciple —Lanfranco Ciampi— in Rosario (Argentina), who devoted his life to the social adaptation of the mentally ill child. The first hypothesis that guides this research argues that the most studied facts of the work of De Sanctis, his contributions to the Child Neuropsychiatry did not reflect the prolific spirit of the author. The second hypothesis, derived from the previous one, states that the pluralistic approach of the studies of De Sanctis about the psychophysical reality of man allowed him to achieve worldwide recognition of doctors, psychiatrists and psychologistsEl presente estudio historiográfico aborda distintos aspectos de la formación, las investigaciones y el desempeño académico de Sante De Sanctis, como la fundación y desarrollo de la neuropsiquiatría infantil italiana a través de su labor mediante un relevamiento sistematizado de fuentes documentales y su tratamiento con técnicas cualitativas de análisis crítico de discurso. Se indagaron aspectos poco abordados de su obra como el estudio de los sueños y se midió el impacto de sus investigaciones en el contexto de producción local y los alcances en el plano internacional. Asimismo, se rastrearon indicios de la empresa que Lanfranco Ciampi —su discípulo—, acometió en Rosario (Argentina), quien se dedicó a la adaptación social del niño mentalmente enfermo. La primera hipótesis que guió esta investigación sostiene que los hechos más estudiados de la obra de De Sanctis —sus aportes a la Neuropsiquiatría Infantil— no reflejaron el espíritu prolífero del autor; la segunda, derivada de la anterior, que los estudios de enfoque pluralista sobre la realidad psicofísica del hombre son los que le permitieron a De Sanctis alcanzar el reconocimiento de médicos, psiquiatras y psicólogos de todo el mund
Monoaminergic Changes in Locus Coeruleus and Dorsal Raphe Nucleus Following Noradrenaline Depletion
No full textThe goal of our study was to assess the monoaminergic changes in locus coeruleus (LC) and dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) following noradrenaline (NA) depletion. Seven days after a single N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine (DSP-4) intraperitoneal administration in mice, we observed a decrease of NA in both the LC and DRN, as well as in prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HIPP). Moreover, an increase of serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA) was detected at LC level, while no change was found in DRN. DSP-4 also caused a significant decrease of dopamine (DA) tissue content in HIPP and DRN, without affecting the LC and the PFC. A decrease of DA metabolite, homovanillic acid (HVA), was found in the DRN of NA-depleted mice. These results highlight that the neurotoxic action of DSP-4 is not restricted to LC terminal projections but also involves NA depletion at the cell body level, where it is paralleled by adaptive changes in both serotonergic and dopaminergic systems
