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A ROBUST SATELLITE TECHNIQUE (RST) FOR DUST STORM DETECTION AND MONITORING: THE CASE OF 2009 AUSTRALIAN EVENT
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A Robust Satellite Technique (RST) for dust storm detection and monitoring: The case of 2009 Australian event
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Tramutoli, V. ; Filizzola, C. ; Marchese, F. ; Mazzeo, G. ; Paciello, R. ; Pergola, N. ; Pietrapertosa, C. ; Sannazzaro, F. ;
Dept. of Eng. & Phys. of the Environ., Univ. of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
This paper appears in: Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), 2010 IEEE International
Issue Date : 25-30 July 2010
On page(s): 1707 - 1709
ISSN : 2153-6996
E-ISBN : 978-1-4244-9564-1
Print ISBN: 978-1-4244-9565-8
References Cited: 25
INSPEC Accession Number: 11686826
Digital Object Identifier : 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5650621
Date of Current Version : 03 dicembre 2010
Abstract
In this paper, an original method of satellite data analysis named RST (Robust Satellite Technique), already successfully used to study and monitor several natural and environmental hazards, is applied for the first time to a recent dust storm occurred in Australia in September 2009. This event was analyzed implementing RST on MTSAT-1R (Multi-functional Transport Satellite-1Replacement) Japanese geostationary satellite data. Some preliminary results of this study are presented, discussing RST performances even in comparison with traditional split window satellite techniques
A ROBUST SATELLITE DATA ANALYSIS TECHNIQUE (RST) FOR SAHARAN DUST DETECTION AND MONITORING
No full textA general satellite data analysis approach named RST (Robust Satellite Technique) has been successfully
applied to monitor many natural and environmental risks. In this paper it is applied for the first time to Saharan dust detection by using optical satellite data collected in the visible (VIS) and thermal infrared (TIR) portion of the e.m. spectrum. The problem of identifying Saharan dust clouds, distinguishing them from small, low or thin, meteorological clouds is faced by combining spatial and spectral signatures in the visible and thermal infrared AVHRR remotely sensed radiances. Long term satellite records collected in similar (same time of the day, same month of the year) observational conditions have been used in order to characterize the desert background in terms of
expected signal behaviour in the VIS (for spatial texture analyses) and TIR (for signal intensity analyses)
spectral ranges in absence of dust clouds. Preliminary results achieved in the case of a dust-storms that hit North Africa on May 1997 suggest that the proposed technique, combining spatial and spectral signatures within the framework of the more general RST approach, could actually allow to distinguish between small, low or thin, meteorological clouds and dust clouds even over very variable surface backgrounds
A self-sufficient approach for GERB cloudy radiance detection.
Full text linkGeostationary Earth Radiation Budget (GERB) is the broadband radiometer onboard the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) platform, launched at the end of August 2002 and still in commissioning phase. GERB data is planned to be used in many applications concerning Earth Radiation Budget (ERB) calculation. In order to evaluate the impact of clouds on ERB, a cloud detection is required and, at present, a cloud mask based on higher spatial and spectral resolution data acquired by Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI), the imager onboard the same MSG platform, is planned to be used in order to identify cloudy GERB soundings.
As an alternative, a self-sufficient (only based on GERB data) method (OCA, the One-channel Cloudy-radiance-detection Approach) is proposed, as a time-saving and, probably, more suitable solution than the planned co-location approach.
In this paper, preliminary results obtained by using several years of Meteosat data as well as GERB synthetic radiances (produced from Meteosat-7 observations) are presented. It is shown how results obtained by using GERB data alone can be comparable (and better in terms of number and spatial distribution of clear-sky GERB soundings identified) to the ones achieved if the co-location of a higher resolution cloud mask is use
Robust satellite techniques for seismically active areas monitoring: a sensitivity analysis on september 7th 1999 Athens’s earthquake.
No full textSpace-time TIR anomalies, observed from months to weeks before the occurrence of earthquakes, have been suggested, by several authors, as pre-seismic signals. A robust approach (RAT) has recently been proposed (and successfully applied in the field of monitoring major natural and environmental risks) which permits a statistically based definition of TIR anomaly even in the presence of highly variable contributions from atmospheric (e.g. transmittance), surface (e.g. emissivity and morphology) and observational (time/season, but also solar and satellite zenithal angles) conditions. In this paper the actual potential of satellite TIR surveys is evaluated on the basis of several years of NOAA/AVHRR and METEOSAT observations over Europe. TIR anomalies, possibly associated to the Athens's earthquake which occurred on September 7, 1999, have been particularly considered in order to evaluate the capability of the proposed approach to filter-out noisy contributions to the measured TIR signal due to variable, observational and meteorological, conditions. This study demonstrated the capability of the proposed method to isolate (if any) possible pre-seismic anomalous TIR patterns from the most important noisy contributions to the measured signal. The advantages offered by the use of geo-stationary (quite doubling the achievable signal-to-noise ratio) instead of polar satellite packages result also quite evident after the tests performed in the case of Athens's earthquake. Even if it was not the aim of this paper to confirm or confute the existence of pre-seismic TIR anomalies (an extended number of test-cases should be analyzed before), results here achieved surely encourage the continuation of the studies in this direction permitting, moreover, to devise suitable strategies in order to obtain more firm answers to this fascinating hypothesi
Advanced Satellite Technique for Volcanic Activity Monitoring and Early Warning.
Full text linkNowadays, satellite remote sensing is an important tool for volcanic activity monitoring, thanks to several operational satellite platforms providing data everywhere with high observational frequencies and generally at low cost. Among different techniques available, an advanced satellite method, named RST (Robust Satellite Technique). based on the multitemporal analysis of satellite data, has shown a high capability in volcanic activity monitoring. This approach has proved capable of identifyimg and tracking volcanic ash Cloud and of correctly detecting and monitoring volcanic thermal anomalies. This paper analyzes some recent results, obtained applying this approach to the last eruptive events of Mt. Etna using both polar and geostationary satellites. In particular, for the first time, this approach is implemented on the present geostationary platform MSG-SEVIRI, with 15 min of temporal resolution. Preliminary results, together with a future potential of this implementation, are shown and discussed. Moreover, a differential RST index in time domain is also proposed for near real-time application, as a possible contribution to the development of an efficient early warning satellite system for volcanic hazard mitigation
Robust Satellite Techniques for Detecting Preseismic Thermal Anomalies
No full textSeveral satellite techniques have been proposed in recent decades to monitor geophysical phenomena possibly associated with earthquakes. Among them, several studies suggest the existence of a relation between space–time anomalies of Earth’s thermally emitted radiation (usually referred as “TIR anomalies”) and earthquake occurrence.
More recently a robust approach has been proposed which seems to be suitable for recognizing space–time anomalies in the measured TIR signal even in the presence of highly variable contributions coming from Earth’s surface and atmosphere (due for instance to meteorological factors) as well as from specific observational conditions. This Chapter presents that approach together with a modality of its implementation in the framework of an operational multiparametric system for a time‐Dependent Assessment of Seismic Hazard (t‐DASH)
Assessing the potential of thermal infrared satellite surveys for monitoring seismically active areas. The case of Kocaeli (İzmit) earthquake, August 17th, 1999.
No full textSpace-time anomalies of Earth's emitted radiation in the thermal infrared spectral range (TIR) measured from satellite months to weeks before the occurrence of earthquakes, have been interpreted, by several authors, as pre-seismic signals. The claimed connection of TIR emission with seismic activity has been considered, up to now, with some caution by the scientific community mainly for the insufficiency of the validation data-sets and the scarce importance attached by those authors to other causes (e.g. meteorological) that, rather than seismic activity, could be responsible for the observed TIR signal fluctuations.
In this paper, a robust satellite data analysis technique is described which pen-nits us to identify anomalous space-time TIR signal transients even in very variable observational (satellite view angle, land topography and coverage, etc.) and natural (e.g. meteorological) conditions. A statistically well-founded definition of TIR anomaly is given and proposed as a suitable tool for satellite TIR surveys in seismically active regions. Eight years of Meteosat TIR observations have been analyzed in order to characterize the TIR signal behavior at each specific observation time and location. Space-time TIR signal transients have then been analyzed, both in the presence (validation) and in the absence of (confutation) seismic events, looking for possible space-time relationships. The devastating earthquake which occurred in Turkey (Izmit.. August 17, M(S)similar to 7.8) in 1999 has been considered as a test case for validation, relatively unperturbed periods (no earthquakes with M > 5) were taken for confutation purposes. Quite intense (S/N > 3.5) and rare, spatially extensive and time persistent, TIR signal transients were identified appearing eight days before the Izmit main shock in Greece, moving to Turkey on August 13 and disappearing, moving back to Greece, some days after. Possible implications of such results, together with present limitations of the proposed technique, will also be discussed in the light of the improved performances expected by its extension to other existing or future satellite packages
Statistical Correlation Analysis Between Thermal Infrared Anomalies Observed From MTSATs and Large Earthquakes Occurred in Japan (2005–2015)
No full textThe literature often reports space–time relations between the abnormal variations of different kinds of nonseismological (i.e., geophysical, geochemical, and atmospheric) parameters and the occurrence of earthquakes. The integration of such observations with seismological ones could improve
the quality of the seismic hazard assessment in the medium-short term (months to days). Each considered parameter has, in principle, its capabilities to provide useful (and utilizable) information about seismic processes. Therefore, to define a system based on different observations, the first step is to estimate the
informative contribution that each considered parameter could provide. In this paper, we will evaluate the potential of Significant Sequence of Thermal Anomalies (SSTAs). In particular, we adopted the broadly used Robust Satellite Techniques (RST) data analysis methodology to identify SSTAs over 11 years (June 2005 to December 2015) of nighttime satellite images acquired by MTSAT satellites over Japan. Aiming at reducing the false-positive rate, we introduced and tested an innovative configuration of the RST, whichis here presented. We executed a correlation analysis between SSTAs and Japanese earthquakes with
MJMA ≥ 6 by applying suitable constraints concerning space, time, and magnitude. The analysis highlights (a) the occurrence of just 29 SSTAs in the 11-year period of observation, (b) 18 SSTAs (i.e., 62%) occur in an apparent space–time relation to earthquakes, and (c) 13 of them occur before the quake. Results of the random test analysis, based on error diagrams, confirm a noncasual correlation between “RST-based satellite thermal anomalies” and earthquake occurrences. In particular, for MJMA ≥ 6.5 earthquakes, probability gain is up to better than 4.3 as compared with the random guess
Aerial remote sensing hyperspectral techniques for rocky outcrops mapping
Full text linkIn this work the MIVIS (Multispectral Infrared and Visible Imaging Spectrometer) hyperspectral data, acquired during aerial campaigns made in 1998 over the Pollino National Park in the framework of the «Progetto Pollino», have been used to set up a supervised technique devoted to identify the presence of selected rocky outcrops. Tests have been performed over an extended area characterised by a complex orography. Within this area, serpentinite was chosen as a test-rock because it is present in isolated outcrops, distributed all over the test-area, besides subtending important problems of environmental nature as it contains asbestos. Geological information, coming from field observations or geological maps, was used to trigger the algorithms and as ground truth for its validation. Two spectral analysis techniques, SAM (Spectral Angle Mapper) and LSU (Linear Spectral Unmixing), have been applied and their results n combined to automatically identify serpentinite outcrops and, in some cases, to mark its boundaries. The approach used in this work is characterised by simplicity (no atmosphere and illumination corrections were performed on MIVIS data), robustness (material of interest is identified for certainty) and intrinsic exportability (the method proposed can be applied on different geographic areas and, in theory, to identify any kind of material because no datum about atmospheric and illumination conditions is required)
A robust satellite technique for monitoring seismically active areas: the case of Bhuj - Gujarat earthquake.
No full textA robust satellite data analysis technique (RAT) has been recently proposed as a suitable tool for satellite TIR surveys in seismically active regions and already successfully tested in different cases of earthquakes (both high and medium–low magnitudes).
In this paper, the efficiency and the potentialities of the RAT technique have been tested even when it is applied to a wide area with extremely variable topography, land coverage and climatic characteristics (the whole Indian subcontinent). Bhuj–Gujarat's earthquake (occurred on 26th January 2001, MS ∼ 7.9) has been considered as a test case in the validation phase, while a relatively unperturbed period (no earthquakes with MS ≥ 5, in the same region and in the same period) has been analyzed for confutation purposes. To this aim, 6 years of Meteosat-5 TIR observations have been processed for the characterization of the TIR signal behaviour at each specific observation time and location.
The anomalous TIR values, detected by RAT, have been evaluated in terms of time–space persistence in order to establish the existence of actually significant anomalous transients. The results indicate that the studied area was affected by significant positive thermal anomalies which were identified, at different intensity levels, not far from the Gujarat coast (since 15th January, but with a clearer evidence on 22nd January) and near the epicentral area (mainly on 21st January). On 25th January (1 day before Gujarat's earthquake) significant TIR anomalies appear on the Northern Indian subcontinent, showing a remarkable coincidence with the principal tectonic lineaments of the region (thrust Himalayan boundary).
On the other hand, the results of the confutation analysis indicate that no meaningful TIR anomalies appear in the absence of seismic events with MS ≥ 5
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