1,721,181 research outputs found
Traffic-related air pollution and risk of childhood leukaemia: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.
No full textTraffic-related air pollution and risk of childhood leukaemia: A systematic review and dos-response meta-analysis
No full textThe role of statistical significance testing in public law and health risk assessment
Full text linkFollowing a fundamental statement made in 2016 by the American Statistical Associations and broad and consistent changes in data analysis and interpretation methodology in public health and other sciences, statistical significance/null hypothesis testing is being increasingly criticized and abandoned in the reporting and interpretation of the results of biomedical research. This shift in favor of a more comprehensive and non-dichotomous approach in the assessment of causal relationships may have a major impact on human health risk assessment. It is interesting to see, however, that authoritative opinions by the Supreme Court of the United States and European regulatory agencies have somehow anticipated this tide of criticism of statistical significance testing, thus providing additional support to its demise. Current methodological evidence further warrants abandoning this approach in both the biomedical and public law contexts, in favor of a more comprehensive and flexible method of assessing the effects of toxicological exposure on human and environmental health
The relationship between the alexithymia trait and the phenomenology of autobiographical memory
No full textRole of vegetarian and plant-based diet in the prevention of mild cognitive impairment and dementia
No full textBackground and Objective: The increasing number of people with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and dementia represents a relevant public health problem. For this reason, there is interest in the assessment of factors affecting disease risk, in order to implement effective prevention strategies and promote a healthy lifestyle. In particular, diet as a determinant of cognitive impairment and dementia represents an important field of research, and many studies focused on the effects of plant-based, vegetarian or vegan diets on cognitive functions and dementia risk. The aim of this systematic review is to assess whether a plant-based or a ‘strict’ vegetarian diet is protective or detrimental towards cognitive functions. Methods: The protocol of this systematic review and meta-analysis has been submitted to PROSPERO. The literature search has been conducted on 4 different databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane library. We used MeSH terms and keywords related to “plant-based diet”, “vegetarian diet”, “Mild Cognitive Impairment”, “dementia” and “memory impairment”. We found 2 additional articles through citation chasing techniques. We defined the following inclusion criteria according to the PICOS statement: adult population, adherence to plant-based, vegetarian or vegan diets, assessment of cognitive functions through dementia risk or cognitive decline at increasing adherence to different dietary patterns, and both observational studies (cohort, cross-sectional or case-control) and randomized clinical controlled trials. We will also perform a dose-response meta-analysis whenever possible. Results: In the preliminary literature search, we found a total of 1537 articles (including 2 studies added through citations), 255 of which were duplicates. After duplicate removal, the abstract and the full-text of 1282 articles were screened, leading to the exclusion of 1263 of them. Nineteen studies met our inclusion criteria and could be included in the systematic review. Conclusions: The study is currently ongoing and its results will be presented at the Congress
Effects of selenium supplementation on blood lipids: a systematic review and a dose-response meta-analysis
No full textBackground and Objective: Selenium is a trace element with both nutritional and toxicological properties, depending on the dose and the chemical species. Several studies have shown an association between selenium exposure and cardiovascular risk, focusing on lipid profile and blood pressure. In particular, there is an indication that selenium overexposure may raise the risk of dyslipidemia, but uncertainties still apply to such evidence. The aim of our study is to assess the relation between selenium exposure and the effects on lipid profile in experimental human studies. Material and Methods: The protocol registration in PROSPERO has been submitted for publication. We conducted a preliminary literature search in the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Library with no language restrictions. We used MeSH terms and keywords related to “selenium”, “lipid profile”, “LDL”, “VLDL”, “HDL”, “cholesterol”, and “randomized clinical trials”. We defined the following inclusion criteria according the PICOS statement: adult population, exposure to selenium through supplementation as specific difference between intervention and control groups and evaluation of internal exposure using blood biomarker (e.g. serum/plasma levels), assessment of lipid profile as outcome, randomized clinical controlled trials as study design. Results: In the preliminary search, we found 865 records. After duplicate removal, 622 articles were screened by title and abstract. At this stage, we discarded 565 articles, and we reviewed the full-texts of the remaining 56 records to confirm eligibility. Five articles were additionally found through citation chasing techniques and added to the review. We excluded 29 articles due to missing data about outcome of interest. In total, 27 studies met the inclusion criteria and were could be included. Conclusions: The study is currently ongoing and results will be presented during the Congress
The Toronto structured interview for alexithymia in the assessment of emotional dysregulation
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Cadmium exposure and hypertension: a systematic review and a dose-response meta-analysis
No full textBackground and Objective: Cadmium (Cd) is a silvery white, malleable metal present in trace amounts in the Earths crust, air and water. Its name derives from that of the city of Cadmo, near Thebes, where it was extracted in antiquity. This heavy metal reacts easily with zinc and to a lesser extent with lead forming various compounds. The main routes of exposure for humans are diet and inhalation. Breathing low levels of Cd for many years (e.g. smokers) or consuming food and water contaminated at levels normally present in the environment (chronic exposure) can cause its accumulation in the body and lead to various pathological conditions, including hypertension. Our aim is to quantify the increase in blood pressure following chronic Cd exposure. Methods: The protocol of the review has been submitted in PROSPERO. The literature search has been carried out on 3 different databases: PubMed, Web of Science and Embase. We used as mesh-terms: “hypertension”, “cadmium” and “blood pressure”. We defined the following inclusion criteria according to PICOS statement: P = healthy adult population, I = exposure to cadmium, C = subjects not exposed to cadmium, O = variation of arterial blood pressure in relation to the cadmium dose to which one is exposed, S = observational studies (cohort, cross-sectional or case-control). We also plan to perform a dose-response meta-analysis whenever possible. Results: We found 678 articles, of which 95 duplicates. After removing these duplicates, we are scanning the abstract and full-text of the remaining 583 papers. Conclusions: The study is currently ongoing and its results will be presented at the Congress
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