1,721,081 research outputs found

    Giant spin-dependent Seebeck effect from fully spin-polarized carriers in n-doped EuTiO3: a prototype material for spin-caloritronic applications

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    Spin-caloritronics, the generation of spin currents and spin voltages from an applied temperature gradient, is a visionary technology with outstanding potential for novel applications and a fascinating landscape of fundamental properties. These capabilities have been revealed so far in a variety of devices typically assembled as interfaces between magnetic and non-magnetic materials. Here, using advanced ab initio calculations, we provide evidence that giant effects can be obtained in the electron-doped bulk oxide EuTiO3. We find this material to be a half-metal, 100% spin-polarized ferromagnet for a wide range of temperatures and carrier concentrations. The combination of high electron mobility, a large Seebeck coefficient, and full spin polarization realizes the perfect conditions to achieve giant spin-polarized thermopower and huge chemical potential imbalance between the spin channels. At low temperatures, our calculations predict spin current densities similar to 0.1 mA cm(-2) per unitary temperature gradient, and spin voltages of mV K-1 order, which are among the highest reported so far. In addition, our analysis lays down fundamental guidelines for the design of the best suited materials for spin-caloritronic applications

    Local government fiscal policy, social capital and electoral payoff. Evidence across Italian municipalities

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    The new institutional economics literature has been stressing the role of informal institutions in affecting citizens’ preferences and shaping their attitudes and reaction to policymakers’ decisions (Chong and Gradstein, 2006; Alesina and Fuchs- Schündeln, 2007; Sabatini, 2008; Guven, 2011). Inspired by this research perspective, and to the best of our knowledge, we are the first to analyze the role of social capital in moderating the relational dynamics occurring between local government’s fiscal decisions and subsequent electoral outcomes

    The innovation networks of city‐regions in Europe: exclusive clubs or inclusive hubs?

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    Which role do city-regions play in European innovation network formation? We study the evolution of innovation collaborative networks in European city-regions outlining two opposite models: in the exclusive network model city-regions establish a closed network of innovators among themselves; in the inclusive network models city-regions build a network of innovators which includes the peripheral regions. Employing a temporal exponential random graph model on 248 regions for the period 2000–2016, we find that the two models coexist. We conclude that in the EU the city-regions act as both engines of generation of innovation and integrators of innovation actors
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