81 research outputs found
Hydrides of Laves phases intermetallic compounds synthesized under high hydrogen pressure
No full text
Role of magnates patronage in development of cartography Polish-Lithuanian commonwealth (16th-17th century)
No full textDauguma žemėlapių Vakarų Europoje buvo parengti valstybės lėšomis, siekiant parodyti jos galią, gerovę ir reikšmingumą. Abiejų Tautų Respublikoje (ATR) susiklostė kitokia padėtis. Reikšmingiausi ATR kartografijos pavyzdžiai – Bernardo Vapovskio (Bernard Wapowski ) parengti trys dideli žemėlapiai: Lenkijos, Šiaurės Sarmatijos ir Pietų Sarmatijos, Žygimanto Senojo privilegija išleisti Krokuvoje 1526 m. Karaliaus globa yra tik numanoma, tačiau esama ženklų, kad autoriui galėjo padėti keletas magnatų. B. Vapovskio žemėlapiai buvo gana tikslūs, jų duomenimis rėmėsi Gerardas Merkatorius (Gerard Mercator), rengdamas pasaulio žemėlapį (1541 m.). Pakartotinai Vakaruose išleistas Zatoro ir Osvencimo kunigaikštystės žemėlapis, parengtas Stanislawo Porębskio (1563, Venecija). Jo globėjas – Osvencimo ir Zatoro seniūnas Zygmuntas Myszkowskis. Be to, yra žinomi Poznanės vaivadijos žemėlapiai, išleisti Kristupo Opalinskio (Krzysztof Opaliński) rūpesčiu, Juozo Narūnavičiaus (Józef Naronowicz-Naroński) Lietuvos žemėlapiai buvo braižyti brolių Niemiryczių (Palenkė) ir kunigaikščio Jonušo Radvilos užsakymu. Svarbiausias ir geriausiai žinomas senosios kartografijos pavyzdys – Mikalojaus Kristupo Radvilos Našlaitėlio finansuotas Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės žemėlapis (teritorija iki 1569 m.), išleistas Amsterdame 1613 m., tapęs pagrindu vėlesniems Lietuvos žemėlapių rengėjams (iki 1772 m.). Du Guillaume‘o Le Vasseur de Beauplano Ukrainos žemėlapiai parengti ATR Karūnos didžiojo etmono Stanislavo Konecpolskio (Stanislaw Koniecpolski) užsakymu. Reikšminiai žodžiai: Abiejų Tautų Respublika (ATR; Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów; Žečpospolita; Sandrauga; Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth); Albertas Goštautas; Kartografija; Lenkija (Lenkijos karalystė. Kingdom of Poland. Poland); Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė (LDK; Grand Duchy of Lithuania; GDL); Magnatų mecenatystė; Mecenatai; Mikalojus Kristupas Radvila Našlaitėlis; Olavas Magnusas; Tomas Makovskis; Ukraina (Ukraine); Žemėlapiai; Albertas Goštautas; Carthography; Cartography; Magnates patronage; Maps; Mecenats; Nicolaus Christopher Radvila (Radziwil) the Orphan; Olaus Magnus; The Commonwealth of Two Nations; The Grand Duchy of Lithuania; Tomasz Makowski; Rusija (Russia)In West Europe most of maps were drawn at sovereign expense, to show their power, wealth and importance. In Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth one cannot find the patronage of rulers. The most significant examples of Commonwealth cartography are three large maps worked up by Bernard Wapowski: Polonia, Northern Sarmatia and Southern Sarmatia, published in Cracow in 1526 on the privilege by Sigismund the Old. We can only conjecture the king's patronage, but there are some signs that some of magnates could give some help to the author. Wapowski's maps were close to reality and gave the basics for global map of Gerard Mercator, dated 1541. Repeatedly reprinted in the West was a map of duchy of Zator and Oświęcim, prepared by Stanisława Porębskiego published in 1563 in Venice. It's an example of Oświęcim and Zator prefect Zygmunt Myszkowskie patronage. Apart from that we can see Krzysztof Opaliński patronage in maps of Poznan voivodship, or in Lithuania maps of Józef Naronowicz Naroński were drew for Niemirycz brothers (Polesie) and duke Janusz Radziwiłł (Lithuania). The most important and widely known cartographical antique is the map of Grand Duchy of Lithuania (in boarders before 1569) funded by duke Mikołaj Krzysztof Radziwiłł "Sierotka", known from its publishing in Amsterdam in1613, was a basic for all the maps of Lithuania printed before 1772. Two maps by Guillaume Le Vasseur de Beauplan called "Ukraine" were made under patronage of Great Hetman of the Crown Stanislaw Koniecpolski
Author Correction: Native diversity buffers against severity of non-native tree invasions (Nature, (2023), 621, 7980, (773-781), 10.1038/s41586-023-06440-7)
No full textCorrection to: Nature Published online 23 August 2023 In the version of the article initially published, Stanislaw Miscicki’s name incorrectly appeared as Miscicki Stanislaw. Additionally, the affiliation for Thomas T. Ibanez has been updated to “AMAP, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France”, and the second affiliation for Sharif A. Mukul has been updated to “Department of Environment and Development Studies, United International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh”. The corrections have been made to the HTML and PDF versions of the article. © 2023, The Author(s)
The IMF-Supported Programs of Poland and Russia, 1990-1994: Principles, Errors and Results
Get PDFThe paper discusses four IMF-supported adjustment programs of Poland, 1990-1995, and two of Russia, 1992-1994, in terms of the underlying theory, policy objectives, assumptions, policies, errors and results. The paper suggests that the roles of the IMF and the World Bank have been helpful but, compared to the influence of domestic factors and local refomers, relatively modest. Transition-related features of the programs are the focus of the analysis. The specific topics include the choice of nominal anchors, the speed of disinflation, the choice of performance criteria, and the role of foreign economic assistance. The primary objective of this paper is to discuss the IMF-supported adjustment programs of Poland and Russia in terms of the underlying theory, policy objectives, explicit and implicit assumptions, proposed policies, major errors in assumptions and policies, and actual results. Throughout this discussion, the intention is to identify the influence of systemic features and transition circumstances. The analysis suggests that the roles of the IMF and the World Bank have been helpful but, compared to the influence of domestic factors and local reforms, relatively modest. Part I of the paper provides a discussion of the broad policy objectives, common and separate, of the authorities of Poland, Russia and the two Bretton Woods Institutions, the IMF and the World Bank. Part II outlines the theory underlying the standard IMF adjustment programs. Part III collects and discusses what according to this author have been the major errors in assumptions and policies. The aim is to identify the origins and the implications of those errors. Part IV provides an analysis of the actual adjustment programs. The major feature of this analysis is the discussion of aims and results of the various programs. Finally, Part V addresses the issue of the role of foreign financial assistance in transition economies.Poland, Russia, IMF, World Bank
Absorption of hydrogen in Zr based amorphous alloys under high pressures of gaseous hydrogen
No full text. 7 Año 3 (1996) mayo-agosto. Dimensión Antropológica
No full text- Reutilización de las tumbas en Oaxaca, México por William D. Middleton, Gary M. Feinman y Guillermo Molina Villegas. - Discurso evangélico y conversión. Fray Andrés de Avendaño y la conquista del Itzá (1695-1697) por Laura Caso Barrera. - Boticas y boticarios. Siglos XVI al XIX por María Del Carmen Reyna. - Funcionamientos del poder y de la ideología en las prácticas discursivas por Julieta Haidar y Lidia Rodríguez Alfano. - Identidad e impacto cultural por Roland Terborg. - Cambio o reproducción sociocultural en la familia. Aspectos de la alimentación del escolar en una zona urbana-marginal por Gabriel Saucedo, Norma Ramos y Adolfo Chávez. - Josefina García Fajardo, Entre ires y venires. De los sonidos a los sentidos. Introducción al lenguaje, México, Trillas, 1996 por Rebeca Barriga Villanueva. - Jacques Galinier, Isabel Lagarriga y Michel Perrin (coords.), Chamanismo en Latinoamérica. Una revisión conceptual, México, Universidad Iberoamericana, Plaza y Váldes, S.A. de C.V. y CEMCA, 244 pp. ils. por Stanislaw Iwaniszewski. - Julio Glockner, Los volcanes sagrados, mitos y rituales en Popocatépetl y la Iztaccíhuatl, México, Grijalbo, 1996 por María J. Rodríguez-Shadow
Author Correction: Native diversity buffers against severity of non-native tree invasions.
Get PDFCorrection to: Nature Published online 23 August 2023 In the version of the article initially published, Stanislaw Miscicki’s name incorrectly appeared as Miscicki Stanislaw. Additionally, the affiliation for Thomas T. Ibanez has been updated to “AMAP, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France”, and the second affiliation for Sharif A. Mukul has been updated to “Department of Environment and Development Studies, United International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh”. The corrections have been made to the HTML and PDF versions of the article
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