86,801 research outputs found
Cross-national differences in determinants of multiple deprivation in Europe
No full textThis paper analyses the relationship between deprivation, income and other individual dimensions over time, in eleven European countries, exploiting the longitudinal nature of the European Community Household Panel (ECHP). First, the determinants of deprivation are analysed by using individual fixed effects models for each country separately. Second, a decomposition of the deprivation gaps between countries highlights the main reasons for the differentials across Europe. The results show that changes in income and deprivation do not strictly coincide and highlight the importance of employment status and income sources. In countries where deprivation is higher income is more effective in reducing the deprivation differential. However, a relevant part of the deprivation gap is attributable to a country specific effect revealing the importance of unobserved factors like cultural attitudes and institutions
General Macroeconomic Framework of the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean Countries: Social Indicators and Fiscal Policies
No full text
Emergence of classical trajectories in quantum systems: the cloud chamber problem in the analysis of Mott (1929)
No full textWe analyze the paper "The wave mechanics of {Mathematical expression}-ray tracks" Mott (Proc R Soc Lond A 126:79-84, 1929), published in 1929 by N. F. Mott. In particular, we discuss the theoretical context in which the paper appeared and give a detailed account of the approach used by the author and the main result attained. Moreover, we comment on the relevance of the work not only as far as foundations of Quantum Mechanics are concerned but also as the earliest pioneering contribution in decoherence theory. © 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
High Inflation and Wage Rigidity: The Implicit Response of the Italian Tax-Benefit System
No full textWe study income redistribution in Italy in a context in which benefits are indexed to high inflation, wages struggle to keep pace, and most tax parameters are not indexed. We isolate the contribution of indexation-induced changes in taxes and benefits to the government budget and inequality reduction. Our findings reveal three key effects: i ) generating resources equivalent to 0.75% of GDP in 2023; ii )distributing these resources disproportionately, favoring retirees who experience a 2.2 percentage-point larger increase in disposable income than private sector employees; and iii ) reducing overall inequality while reinforcing the redistributive capacity of the government
Welfare Resilience in the Immediate Aftermath of the Covid-19 Outbreak in Italy
No full textThis paper analyses the extent to which the Italian welfare system provides monetary compensation for those who lost their earnings due to the lockdown imposed by the government in order to contain the Covid-19 pandemic in March 2020. In assessing first-order effects of the businesses temporarily shut down and the government’s policy measures on household income, counterfactual scenarios are simulated with EUROMOD, the EU-wide microsimulation model, integrated with information on the workers who the lockdown is more likely to affect. This paper provides timely evidence on the differing degrees of relative and absolute resilience of the household incomes of the individuals affected by the lockdown. These arise from the variations in the protection offered by the tax-benefit system, coupled with personal and household circumstances of the individuals at risk of income loss
From Housewives to Independent Earners: How the Tax System Can Help Women to Work in a Context of Strong Familialism
No full textThe Southern European countries share a similar welfare system which does not perform well either in terms of equity or efficiency. Using EUROMOD, the EU-wide microsimulation model, this paper evaluates the enhancement of both the redistributive and the incentive effects of the Italian tax-benefit system by introducing either a family-based or an individual in-work benefit, financed through the abolition of the existing tax credit targeted at dependent adults. The results show an increase in the labour supply of women both in couples and lone mothers, in particular among the poorest, with important redistributive effects. The in-work benefits can contribute to the de-familialisation of the Mediterranean welfare states by reducing the reliance on the family and compensating the cost of services
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