3,031 research outputs found
Astroturfing
No full textM.F.A."This thesis represents the first third of a fictional novel entitled Astroturfing"--p. iiby Eric M. Zrinsk
The Importance of a Food Systems Approach to Low and Middle Income Countries and Emerging Economies: A Review of Theories and Its Relevance for Disease Control and Malnutrition
No full textOur review explores the changing food production, distribution and consumption environment in low and middle-income countries and emerging economies as a basis for framing how to study food systems in order to address public health issues of food safety and nutrition. It presents the state of knowledge on existing food systems science and its use in terms of sustainable actions for food safety and public health. The review identifies a knowledge gap in food system mapping and governance, with value chain mapping of key commodities often missing. Despite a number of initiatives, the application of food systems methods is highly variable in scope and quality. Most analyses concentrate on specific commodities, rarely taking into account the need for a whole diet approach when looking at nutrition or the assessment of a range of infectious agents and their interactions when looking at food safety. Of the studies included in the review there is a growing observation of “informal” food systems, a term used inconsistently and one that requires revision. “Informal” food systems link to the formal sector to provide food security, yet with trade-offs between economic efficiencies and food safety. Efforts to improve food safety are hampered by inadequate food safety capacities and a lack of policy coherence leading to: inadequate investment; fragmented food quality control systems; weak or non-existent traceability mechanisms; weak foodborne disease surveillance; obsolete food regulation; and weak regulatory enforcement. In-depth food systems assessments can complement risk analysis to identify risky behaviors and understand institutional settings in order to improve codes of practice and enforcement. Methods for looking at food safety from a food systems perspective are emerging, yet existing nutrition and food systems science are not advancing sufficiently in response to nutritional public health problems. There is an urgency for improved understanding of the structure and drivers of the food systems, for better planning of changes that leads to nutrients access and healthy levels of eating. It is proposed that countries and international institutions provide an atlas of food system maps for the key commodities based on an agreed common methodology and developed by multidisciplinary teams.</jats:p
Review of the book "A World Divided. The Global Struggle for Human Rights in the Age of Nation-States" by Eric D. Weitz
No full textReview of the book A World Divided. The Global Struggle for Human Rights in the Age of Nation-States, by Eric D. Weitz. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2019, ISBN: 978-0-691-14544-0, 544 pp.Review of the book "A World Divided. The Global Struggle for Human Rights in the Age of Nation-States" by Eric D. Weitz, Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2019, ISBN: 978-0-691-14544-0, 544. The author gratefully acknowledges the European Social Fund (ESF) and the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal, for supporting this publication through research grant SFRH/BD/136170/2018
Spending and economic activity from recreation at Oregon state park properties - Columbia River Gorge management unit
No full textEric M. White and Darren Goodding.This archived document is maintained by the State Library of Oregon as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Includes bibliographical references (page 16).Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in English
Dual VP Classes
No full textWe consider the complexity class ACC1 and related families of arithmetic circuits. We prove a variety of collapse results, showing several settings in which no loss of computational power results if fan-in of gates is severely restricted, as well as presenting a natural class of arithmetic circuits in which no expressive power is lost by severely restricting the algebraic degree of the circuits. We draw attention to the strong connections that exist between ACC1 and VP, via connections to the classes CC1[m] for various m. These results tend to support a conjecture regarding the computational power of the complexity class VP over finite algebras, and they also highlight the significance of a class of arithmetic circuits that is in some sense dual to VP. In particular, these dual-VP classes provide new characterizations of ACC1 and TC1 in terms of circuits of semiunbounded fan-in. As a corollary, we show that ACCi = CCi for all i 1.The earlier conference paper version of this article is available from the publisher at http://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2F978-3-662-48054-0 and also from the Rutgers institutional repository: http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.7282/T3KK9DN4.Peer reviewe
Spending and economic activity from recreation at Oregon State Park units - coastal region and Milo McIver State Park, an update
No full textEric M. White, Darren Goodding, and Randall S. Rosenberger.This archived document is maintained by the State Library of Oregon as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Includes bibliographical references (page 25).Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in English
Antibacterial Properties of Nanoparticles: A Comparative Review of Chemically Synthesized and Laser-Generated Particles
No full textNanomaterials have recently received an enormous amount of attention from the scientific community due to their outstanding activity relative to bulk materials. This increase in activity relative to bulk materials can be attributed to the high surface area to volume ratio associated with nanoparticles. Nanoparticles have found applications in almost every field of science. Currently there is significant interest in the development of nanoparticles as antibacterial agents. This work is paramount due to the increasing number of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria. Nanoparticles can be synthesized using various methods, each with their own advantages and disadvantages, and the method is often chosen based on the intended application. This review will cover the most prevalent method, chemical-based reduction of salts, and a fairly new laser-based method that holds tremendous promise in nanoparticle synthesis. We conclude with a comparison of the antimicrobial activities of materials made via each method.Peer reviewe
First in the Nation in Education : Final Report,1984.
No full textThis report is one step in an ongoing process of change and is a plea for commitment for high standards in education in Iowa. Contains the final reports of the six subcommittees as adopted by the Excellence in Education Task Force, and the five recommendations made by the Task Force
Irradiation with visible light enhances the antibacterial toxicity of silver nanoparticles produced by laser ablation
No full textThe rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a rapidly growing global health concern. According to the Center for Disease Control, approximately 2 million illnesses and 23,000 deaths per year occur in the USA due to antibiotic resistance. In recent years, there has been a surge in the use of metal nanoparticles as coatings for orthopedic implants, wound dressings, and food packaging, due to their antimicrobial properties. In this report, we demonstrate that the antibacterial efficacy of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is enhanced with exposure to light from the visible spectrum. We find that the increased toxicity is due to augmented silver ion release and bacterial uptake. Interestingly, silver ion toxicity does not appear to depend on the formation of reactive oxygen species. Our findings provide a novel paradigm for using light to regulate the toxicity of AgNPs which may have a significant impact in the development of new antimicrobial therapeutics.Peer reviewe
Bayesian geostatistical analysis and prediction of Rhodesian human African trypanosomiasis
No full textBackgroundThe persistent spread of Rhodesian human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) in Uganda in recent years has increased concerns of a potential overlap with the Gambian form of the disease. Recent research has aimed to increase the evidence base for targeting control measures by focusing on the environmental and climatic factors that control the spatial distribution of the disease.ObjectivesOne recent study used simple logistic regression methods to explore the relationship between prevalence of Rhodesian HAT and several social, environmental and climatic variables in two of the most recently affected districts of Uganda, and suggested the disease had spread into the study area due to the movement of infected, untreated livestock. Here we extend this study to account for spatial autocorrelation, incorporate uncertainty in input data and model parameters and undertake predictive mapping for risk of high HAT prevalence in future.Materials and MethodsUsing a spatial analysis in which a generalised linear geostatistical model is used in a Bayesian framework to account explicitly for spatial autocorrelation and incorporate uncertainty in input data and model parameters we are able to demonstrate a more rigorous analytical approach, potentially resulting in more accurate parameter and significance estimates and increased predictive accuracy, thereby allowing an assessment of the validity of the livestock movement hypothesis given more robust parameter estimation and appropriate assessment of covariate effects.ResultsAnalysis strongly supports the theory that Rhodesian HAT was imported to the study area via the movement of untreated, infected livestock from endemic areas. The confounding effect of health care accessibility on the spatial distribution of Rhodesian HAT and the linkages between the disease's distribution and minimum land surface temperature have also been confirmed via the application of these methods.ConclusionsPredictive mapping indicates an increased risk of high HAT prevalence in the future in areas surrounding livestock markets, demonstrating the importance of livestock trading for continuing disease spread. Adherence to government policy to treat livestock at the point of sale is essential to prevent the spread of sleeping sickness in Uganda
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