1,721,193 research outputs found
Extending the Gail Model for Breast Cancer Risk Prediction to Account for Dietary Modifiable Factors in the Italian Population
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SOCIOECONOMIC INDICATORS, TOBACCO AND ALCOHOL IN THE ETIOLOGY OF DIGESTIVE-TRACT NEOPLASMS
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SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC DETERMINANTS OF STOPPING SMOKING FROM ITALIAN POPULATION-BASED SURVEYS
No full textFrequency and determinants of smoking cessation were analysed using data from two Italian National Health Surveys, conducted in 1983 and 1986-87 on samples of 89 753 and 77 155 individuals respectively, randomly selected within strata of region of residence, size of the municipality and of the household, in order to be representative of the general Italian population. Overall stopping ratios or "quit ratios" (i.e., ratios between ex- and ever-smokers) were 20.5% for males and 9.0% for females in the 1983 survey, and rose to 23.2 and 11.9% respectively in 1986-87. With reference to age, stopping rates were slightly higher for females than for males below age 35, but considerably higher for males in each subsequent age group, particularly in middle age. Ratios were apparently higher for the most recent survey for both sexes and each subsequent age group. After standardisation for age, "quit ratios" in both sexes were directly related with education. Cessation of smoking was more common in northern (and richer) areas of the country, and positively associated with the prevalence of smoking-related chronic diseases. The major, and most discouraging, finding from these analyses is the absolute low rate of stopping in Italy as compared to northern America or northern Europe, although some positive tendency towards increasing cessation was evident between the early and the late 1980s. These tendencies, together with some recent drops in smoking prevalence in younger women, first observed after decades of increase, indicate a change at least in attitudes towards reporting smoking, and hence social acceptance of the habit. Still, women, as well as less educated individuals of both sexes, particularly from the less developed areas of the country, remain major targets for focusing attention and intervention for smoking cessation programmes
Health-related quality of life in epilepsy: findings obtained with a new Italian instrument
No full textHEIGHT AND THE PREVALENCE OF CHRONIC DISEASE
No full textThe relationship of stature with the prevalence of 18 chronic diseases or groups of diseases was analysed using data from the 1983 Italian National Health Survey, based on a sample of 63,859 individuals aged 20 or over randomly selected within strata of geographical area, size of the place of residence and of the household in order to be representative of the Italian population. Rate ratios (RR) were computed using multiple logistic regression, including terms for sex, age, geographical area, education and smoking. For 15 out of 18 diseases or groups of diseases the RR was below unity in the highest quartiles of height, and the inverse trends with stature were significant for 11 (diabetes, RR 0.90 for highest vs lowest quartile; heart disease, RR 0.92; chronic bronchitis and emphysema, RR 0.84; bronchial asthma, RR 0.70; anaemias, RR 0.70; liver cirrhosis, RR 0.62; urolithiasis, RR 0.76; renal insufficiency, RR 0.71; arthritis, RR 0.89; psychiatric and neurological disorders, RR 0.82). None of the diseases considered showed significant direct trends with height, but hypertension (RR 1.09 for the highest vs lowest quartile), haemorrhoids or varices (RR 1.09) and cancers (RR 1.22) tended to be elevated in the highest quartile of height. The generalised inverse relationship between height and prevalence of chronic disease suggests that poorer nutrition in childhood and adolescence is an unfavourable indicator for the subsequent occurrence of several diseases. Major exceptions were hypertension and varices, two conditions highly dependent on the pattern of health care utilization, and cancer
ALCOHOL-DRINKING AND PREVALENCE OF SELF-REPORTED GALLSTONE-DISEASE IN THE 1983 ITALIAN NATIONAL-HEALTH SURVEY
No full textWe studied the relation between the alcohol drinking and gallstone disease, using data from the 1983 Italian National Health Survey. This survey included information on 58,462 adults age 25 years and over (27,912 males and 30,550 females), randomly selected within strata of geographical area, size of the municipality of residence, and size of the household. The prevalence of gallstone disease or cholecystectomy was 2.4% among males and 4.8% among females. Compared with alcohol abstainers, the relative risk of gallstone disease, controlling for age, sex, education, smoking, and body mass index, was 0.83% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.73-0.92] for occasional and regular moderate drinkers (<25 ml of ethanol per day), 0.67 (95% CI = 0.59-0.77) for intermediate drinkers (25-50 ml per day), and 0.58 (95% CI = 0.47-0.70) for heavy drinkers. This inverse association was consistent across strata of age, sex, and body mass index.
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