243 research outputs found
Formulating a complete epidemiological profile of major depressive disorder: Investigating the global distribution, risk factors, outcomes, and burden of major depressive disorder
No full textAnalysing Sites for Solar and Airborne Wind Energy Hybrid Power Plants: A feasibility analysis of the resource characterization and energy generation for identifying hybrid system locations
No full textA method to help renewables flourish is mitigating the variability that is inherent in natural resources. To do so, we explore the intricacies of the relationship between airborne wind (AWE) and solar energy to uncover the possibilities of future energy-generating hybrid power plants (HPP). Which leads to steering away from fossil fuel reliance, while increasing the dependability of renewable technologies.The resources were investigated at one primary test site, where anomalies and trends were uncovered. By tracking the solar radiation and wind speed over time, the complementarity of the two is studied. When the Pearson correlation coefficients are negative, a non-variable energy generation capacity can be found leading to less intermittency in energy stock. These results are expanded to evaluate other locations in Europe, identifying the main contributing factors of a successful hybrid set-up. The case study location was Marseille based on pre-analysis of solar and wind availability.Using resource correlation, energy output, and location data, the model developed to assess the location feasibility of HPPs found that most areas are not suited for annual generation situations, but are more successful on a quarterly basis. The HPP setup would allow the dependency on fossil fuels and storage options to decrease while having a flexible implementation option meaning it is a viable option for off-grid / remote locations and urban areas to help lighten the grid load.The model created can be further developed into an HPP site map, to help further identify areas that would benefit from more renewable options without as many drawbacks. Overall, this research leads to a method for reaching 2050 climate goals by identifying HPP potential on a variable time basis.Electrical Engineering | Sustainable Energy Technolog
Health states for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder within the Global Burden of Disease 2010 Study
No full textAbstract A comprehensive revision of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study is expected to be completed in 2012. This study utilizes a broad range of improved methods for assessing burden, including closer attention to empirically derived estimates of disability. The aim of this paper is to describe how GBD health states were derived for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. These will be used in deriving health state-specific disability estimates. A literature review was first conducted to settle on a parsimonious set of health states for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. A second review was conducted to investigate the proportion of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder cases experiencing these health states. These were pooled using a quality-effects model to estimate the overall proportion of cases in each state. The two schizophrenia health states were acute (predominantly positive symptoms) and residual (predominantly negative symptoms). The three bipolar disorder health states were depressive, manic, and residual. Based on estimates from six studies, 63% (38%-82%) of schizophrenia cases were in an acute state and 37% (18%-62%) were in a residual state. Another six studies were identified from which 23% (10%-39%) of bipolar disorder cases were in a manic state, 27% (11%-47%) were in a depressive state, and 50% (30%-70%) were in a residual state. This literature review revealed salient gaps in the literature that need to be addressed in future research. The pooled estimates are indicative only and more data are required to generate more definitive estimates. That said, rather than deriving burden estimates that fail to capture the changes in disability within schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, the derived proportions and their wide uncertainty intervals will be used in deriving disability estimates.</p
The burdens of mental disorders in the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 and the World Mental Health surveys: similarities, differences, and implications for mental health research
No full textQUEST FOR MEANING THROUGH THE MODEL OF ORIGINAL TEXT READING AND ANALYSIS WITHIN THE SCOPE OF SEMIOTICS OF TRANSLATION
No full textGöstergelerden oluşan her yazın metni, çevirmenine çözümlemesi ve erek kültüre aktarması gereken bir anlam evreni sunar. Çevirmen, yazar tarafından kurgulanmış anlam evrenini kavramak için öncelikle okur kimliğiyle metni okur, çözümler, yorumlar ve belirli uzlaşım noktaları dâhilinde çevirir. Ancak metin okura her şeyi hazır vermez; okurunu oyalar, yanıltır ve tuzağa düşürmeye çalışır. Metnin tuzaklarından kurtulmak, metinde söylenenlerden hareketle söylenmeyenleri anlamak ve metnin boşluklarını doldurmak için okurun tembel bir makine olan metinle işbirliği kurması gerekmektedir. Çevirmen de özgün metne karşı gösterdiği bu mücadelede okur kimliğiyle hareket eder ve çeviri metinle özgün metin arasında uzlaşma noktaları arar. Bu çalışmanın amacı, yazınsal metinlerde ve yazın çevirisinde okurların ve çevirmenlerin özgün metnin niyetini anlamalarını sağlamak, metnin boşluklarını doldurmalarına yardımcı olarak anlam arayışına ışık tutmak; dolayısıyla metinle işbirliği sağlayarak erek kültüre aktaracakları anlam evrenine hâkim olmalarını mümkün kılmak için özgün metin okuma ve çözümleme modeli ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmanın ikinci amacı ise yazın çevirisinde çeviri metinlerin özgün metinler ile ne ölçüde uzlaştıklarını anlayabilmek için kullanılan Yetkin Çevirmen İnceleme Modeli’ni bütünlüklü kılmak ve çeviri amaçlı metin okuma ve çözümleme düzeylerini ortaya koymaktır. Söz konusu amaçlar doğrultusunda, Metinsel İşbirliği Düzeyleri [özgün adı ile Livelli di Cooperazione Testuale] ele alınmış ve çevirmenlerin özgün metin üzerinde anlam arayışlarını kolaylaştırmak için Özgün Metin Okuma ve Çözümleme Modeli olarak derlenmiştir.Every literary text which is composed of signs, tenders a universe of meaning to be analysed and translated into target culture by the translator. The translator -as the readerreads, analyses and translates the text within certain negotiation points as the first step to comprehend the universe of meaning fictionalised by the author. The text does not give the meaning explicitly to the reader but tries to put the reader off, misleads and entraps the reader. The reader needs to cooperate with the text, which is considered as a lazy machine, to avoid the traps and to understand the unsaid through the said and to fill the semantic gaps. The translator acts as a reader in the struggle against the original text and seeks for the negotiation points between the source and target texts. The primary purpose of this study is to enable readers and translators to understand the intention of the literary texts, to shed light on the search for meaning by helping them fill the gaps in the text; thereby, to enable them to have the comprehensible knowledge of the universe of meaning which is to be transferred to the target culture. The second aim of the study is to propound a translation-oriented text reading and analysis model in order to provide integrity to The Reviewing Model of Competent Translator which is used for finding out to what extent the translated texts negotiate with the source texts. Taking these purposes into consideration, Levels of Textual Cooperation [Livelli di Cooperazione Testuale with the original name] are gone through and compiled as The Model of Original Text Reading and Analysis to facilitate the search for the meaning on the source text
Challenging the myth of an "epidemic" of common mental disorders: trends in the global prevalence of anxiety and depression between 1990 and 2010
No full textBackground: Anxiety disorders and major depressive disorder (MDD) are common and disabling mental disorders. This paper aims to test the hypothesis that common mental disorders have become more prevalent over the past two decades. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of prevalence, remission, duration, and excess mortality studies for anxiety disorders and MDD and then used a Bayesian meta-regression approach to estimate point prevalence for 1990, 2005, and 2010. We also conducted a post-hoc search for studies that used the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) as a measure of psychological distress and tested for trends to present a qualitative comparison of study findings Results: This study found no evidence for an increased prevalence of anxiety disorders or MDD. While the crude number of cases increased by 36%, this was explained by population growth and changing age structures. Point prevalence of anxiety disorders was estimated at 3.8% (3.6-4.1%) in 1990 and 4.0% (3.7-4.2%) in 2010. The prevalence of MDD was unchanged at 4.4% in 1990 (4.2-4.7%) and 2010 (4.1-4.7%). However, 8 of the 11 GHQ studies found a significant increase in psychological distress over time. Conclusions: The perceived "epidemic" of common mental disorders is most likely explained by the increasing numbers of affected patients driven by increasing population sizes. Additional factors that may explain this perception include the higher rates of psychological distress as measured using symptom checklists, greater public awareness, and the use of terms such as anxiety and depression in a context where they do not represent clinical disorders. Depression and Anxiety 31: 506-516, 2014. (C) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
A systematic review of the global distribution and availability of prevalence data for bipolar disorder
No full textBackground: The multiple factors likely to influence estimates of the prevalence of bipolar spectrum disorders (BSD) make it difficult to determine its actual prevalence. A systematic review was undertaken to explore the availability and quality of epidemiological data for BSD. This will inform the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study
Formulation and evaluation of intimate wash containing manuka oil and salix bark extract
No full textMost of the feminine hygiene products sold in the market contain heavy chemicals that damage the mucosa. The well-designed intim formulation cleans without damage, supports the flora, protects against dryness, and maintenances of balanced microflora. For this purpose, we designed formulations made with natural raw materials such as manuka oil and Salix alba bark extract and investigated their irritation potential and effectiveness. A healthy vagina is dominated by Lactobacillus that produces lactic acid, resulting in a characteristic acidic environment (pH 34), as it correlates with vaginal health by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and may also play a part in local immune defense. This new manuka oil- salix bark extract containing wash formulation was specifically formulated to achieve a formulation pH of 4.6-4.8 to be compatible with the normal skin pH range and to help maintain vulvovaginal skin homeostasis and provide protection against harmful bacteria. The formulation we designed was used by volunteers for 4 weeks and was found suitable in terms of gentle clean, refreshing feeling, shooting the skin, smell and irritation properties. None of the volunteers have experienced any side effects during product application. Our study findings further support other studies that have found that women who use intim wash attitudes and perceptions about hygiene.Tan-Alize, Inc. TurkeyThe author acknowledge the assistance of Seda Alaca to accomplish this manuscript. Financial support for this study was provided by Tan-Alize, Inc. Turkey
Global incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
No full textBackground Detailed, comprehensive, and timely reporting on population health by underlying causes of disability and premature death is crucial to understanding and responding to complex patterns of disease and injury burden over time and across age groups, sexes, and locations. The availability of disease burden estimates can promote evidence-based interventions that enable public health researchers, policy makers, and other professionals to implement strategies that can mitigate diseases. It can also facilitate more rigorous monitoring of progress towards national and international health targets, such as the Sustainable Development Goals. For three decades, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) has filled that need. A global network of collaborators contributed to the production of GBD 2021 by providing, reviewing, and analysing all available data. GBD estimates are updated routinely with additional data and refined analytical methods. GBD 2021 presents, for the first time, estimates of health loss due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The GBD 2021 disease and injury burden analysis estimated years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries using 100 983 data sources. Data were extracted from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, censuses, household surveys, disease-specific registries, health service contact data, and other sources. YLDs were calculated by multiplying cause-age-sex-location-year-specific prevalence of sequelae by their respective disability weights, for each disease and injury. YLLs were calculated by multiplying cause-age-sex-location-year-specific deaths by the standard life expectancy at the age that death occurred. DALYs were calculated by summing YLDs and YLLs. HALE estimates were produced using YLDs per capita and age-specific mortality rates by location, age, sex, year, and cause. 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for all final estimates as the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles values of 500 draws. Uncertainty was propagated at each step of the estimation process. Counts and age-standardised rates were calculated globally, for seven super-regions, 21 regions, 204 countries and territories (including 21 countries with subnational locations), and 811 subnational locations, from 1990 to 2021. Here we report data for 2010 to 2021 to highlight trends in disease burden over the past decade and through the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings Global DALYs increased from 2·63 billion (95% UI 2·44–2·85) in 2010 to 2·88 billion (2·64–3·15) in 2021 for all causes combined. Much of this increase in the number of DALYs was due to population growth and ageing, as indicated by a decrease in global age-standardised all-cause DALY rates of 14·2% (95% UI 10·7–17·3) between 2010 and 2019. Notably, however, this decrease in rates reversed during the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic, with increases in global age-standardised all-cause DALY rates since 2019 of 4·1% (1·8–6·3) in 2020 and 7·2% (4·7–10·0) in 2021. In 2021, COVID-19 was the leading cause of DALYs globally (212·0 million [198·0–234·5] DALYs), followed by ischaemic heart disease (188·3 million [176·7–198·3]), neonatal disorders (186·3 million [162·3–214·9]), and stroke (160·4 million [148·0–171·7]). However, notable health gains were seen among other leading communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional (CMNN) diseases. Globally between 2010 and 2021, the age-standardised DALY rates for HIV/AIDS decreased by 47·8% (43·3–51·7) and for diarrhoeal diseases decreased by 47·0% (39·9–52·9). Non- communicable diseases contributed 1·73 billion (95% UI 1·54–1·94) DALYs in 2021, with a decrease in age-standardised
DALY rates since 2010 of 6·4% (95% UI 3·5–9·5). Between 2010 and 2021, among the 25 leading Level 3 causes, age- standardised DALY rates increased most substantially for anxiety disorders (16·7% [14·0–19·8]), depressive disorders (16·4% [11·9–21·3]), and diabetes (14·0% [10·0–17·4]). Age-standardised DALY rates due to injuries decreased globally by 24·0% (20·7–27·2) between 2010 and 2021, although improvements were not uniform across locations, ages, and sexes. Globally, HALE at birth improved slightly, from 61·3 years (58·6–63·6) in 2010 to 62·2 years (59·4–64·7) in 2021.
However, despite this overall increase, HALE decreased by 2·2% (1·6–2·9) between 2019 and 2021.
Interpretation Putting the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of causes of health loss is crucial to understanding its impact and ensuring that health funding and policy address needs at both local and global levels through cost-effective and evidence-based interventions. A global epidemiological transition remains underway. Our findings suggest that prioritising non-communicable disease prevention and treatment policies, as well as strengthening health systems, continues to be crucially important. The progress on reducing the burden of CMNN diseases must not stall; although global trends are improving, the burden of CMNN diseases remains unacceptably high. Evidence-based interventions will help save the lives of young children and mothers and improve the overall health and economic conditions of societies across the world. Governments and multilateral organisations should prioritise pandemic preparedness planning alongside efforts to reduce the burden of diseases and injuries that will strain resources in the coming decade
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