1,721,260 research outputs found
Oltre la ritualità cinematografica: Goodbye, Dragon Inn di Tsai Ming-liang
No full textThe article analyzes the film “Goodbye, Dragon Inn” (2003) by the Taiwanese director Tsai Ming-liang. Completely set in a movie theater that screens his last show, “Goodbye, Dragon Inn” depicts with irony and lyricism the decline of the spectatorial ritual in cinema as well as the decline of cinema as a symbolical and imaginary space. The film shows the farewell of cinema to cinema, the slow disappearance of its hobbling (in)existence, which ghosts inhabiting the movie theater are the evidence of
Alle origini del Sacro. L'esperienza religiosa in Rudolf Otto
No full textLa riflessione di Rudolf Otto è stata sovente oggetto di interpretazioni forzate e riduttive che, concentrandosi quasi esclusivamente sulla sua celebre opera "II Sacro" del 1917, ne hanno enfatizzato il carattere irrazionalistico. Il volume, analizzando a fondo i motivi d'influenza filosofici (Lutero, Kant e Fries) che caratterizzano il pensiero di Otto dagli esordi al capolavoro del 1917, si propone di ripensare la carica irrazionalistica attribuita alla sua riflessione teologico-filosofica, evidenziando la continuità tra i suoi scritti. In modo particolare, lo studio intende mettere in luce la convergenza tra fondazione gnoseologica e analisi fenomenologica a partire da una riproposizione interpretativamente originale della nozione di "sentimento"
Role of microbiota in the GUT-SKIN AXIS responses to outdoor stressors
No full textBeside the respiratory tract, the skin and the gut represent the first defensive lines of our body against the external insults displaying many important biochemical features able to maintain the epithelial barrier integrity and to regulate the tissue immune responses. The human microbiome is essential in maintaining the tissue homeostasis and its dysregulation may lead to tissue conditions including inflammatory pathologies. Among all external insults, air pollutants have been shown to cause oxidative stress damage within the target tissues via an OxInflammatory response. Dysregulation of the gut microbiome (dysbiosis) by outdoor stressors, including air pollutants, may promote the exacerbation of the skin tissue damage via the interplay between the gut-skin axis. The intent of this review is to highlight the ability of exogenous stressors to modulate the human gut-skin axis via a redox regulated mechanism affecting the microbiome and therefore contributing to the development and aggravation of gut and skin conditions
Exogenous stressors as a source of cutaneous inflammasome activation and altered tissue redox homerostasis: the oxinflammation phenomena
No full textNegli ultimi decenni, la rapida urbanizzazione e lo sviluppo industriale hanno portato ad un continuo rilascio nell’atmosfera di sostanze nocive, contribuendo in questo modo ad un aumento dell’inquinamento ambientale. Fra gli inquinanti atmosferici, il particolato (PM), l’Ozono (O3), il fumo di sigaretta ma anche le radiazione ultraviolette (UV) sono stati riconosciuti come gli agenti più pericolosi per la salute umana, capaci in certi casi di contribuire allo sviluppo o aggravarsi di diverse patologie. La pelle, a causa della sua posizione, rappresenta la prima barriera del nostro organismo verso l’ambiente esterno ed è per tanto uno dei principali tessuti colpiti dall’effetto nocivo degli inquinanti atmosferici. In particolare, vari studi hanno dimostrato come l’esposizione a tali stressors sia in grado di indurre reazioni ossidative ed infiammatorie nel tessuto cutaneo alterando percio’ la funzionalità e l’omeostasi della pelle. Questo fenomeno, noto con il nome di “Oxinflammation”, è alla base di diverse patologie comprese quelle cutanee quali acne, psoriasi, dermatite ecc. Inoltre diverse ricerche hanno dimostrato come l’esposizione ad inquinanti ambientali sia correlata con l’insorgenza di queste patologie cutanee, sebbene i meccanismi molecolari coinvolti in tale processo non siano ancora del tutto chiari. L’intento di questo progetto è stato quello di investigare e portare nuove conoscenze nella comprensione degli effetti nocivi che l’esposizione a stressors ambientali può indurre a livello cutaneo, analizzando i meccanismi correlati al danno ossidativo/infiammatorio e strutturale. A tale scopo sono stati utilizzati diversi modelli di pelle umana a partire dai semplici cheratinociti fino a sistemi più complessi come i modelli di epidermide umana ed espianti di pelle. Per prima cosa è stato valutato l’effetto dell’O3 nell’attivare il pathway infiammatorio relativo all’Inflammosoma NLRP1, un complesso multiproteico in grado di innescare risposte infiammatorie anche relative a patologie cutanee. Parallelamente è stato valutato l’effetto di una esposizione prolungata e concomitante di diversi inquinanti ambientali quali, diesel, ozono e UV su espianti di pelle umana. Inoltre la capacita’ protettiva di un’applicazione topica di sostanze antiossidanti rispetto al danno da inquinanti e’ stata anche fonte del nostro studio. I dati ottenuti dal presente progetto hanno dimostrato un danno additivo degli inquinanti rispetto alla loro singola esposizione in termini di risposte danno ossidativo/infiammatorie di struttura tissutale, suggerendo un potenziale effetto dannoso additivo/sinergico. E’ stato inoltre evidenziato come l’O3 sia in grado di attivare l’inflammosoma NLRP1 secondo un meccanismo di regolazione redox e come questo pathway infiammatorio possa rappresentare un possibile target terapeutico per lo studio di patologie cutanee infiammatorie correlate all’esposizione ad inquinanti ambientali.In the past decades, the rapid urbanization and the industrial development have been the main cause of the Environmental Air Pollution phenomena. Among air pollutants, Particulate Matter (PM), Ozone (O3), Cigarette Smoke (CS) but also Ultraviolet Radiation (UV) are recognized as the most dangerous stressors for human health, contributing to the exacerbation of many pathologies.
Due to its location, skin represents the first barrier of our body against the external environment and it is therefore one of the main target organ of the harmful effects of environmental insults. Exposure to air pollutants has been shown to trigger inflammatory and oxidative stress reactions within the cutaneous tissues, by mainly affecting skin lipids and proteins, and thus altering skin functionality and homeostasis. This condition, known as “OxInflammation”, has been recognized in the development of many pathologies including atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, acne and eczema. Nevertheless, the exposure to air pollutants has been associated to the onset of these skin pathologies, although the molecular mechanism involved is yet to be completely clear. The intent of the present study was to investigate and bring new insights in understanding the effect and the mechanism related to skin oxinflammatory and structural damage induced by environmental stressors. For this purpose several skin models have been used, ranging from human keratinocytes to more complex system as Reconstructed Human Epidermis (RHE) and human skin explants. The first step was to investigate the role of O3, in inducing the activation of the NLRP1 Inflammasome, an inflammatory multiprotein complex able to initiate inflammatory responses and also associated to the exacerbation of several skin conditions. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of a prolonged and concomitant exposure of different pollutants, such as Diesel Exhaust (DEE), O3 and UV on human skin biopsies, with and without the topical application of antioxidant compounds. Our results demonstrate that pollutants, when acting together, can exacerbate the cutaneous oxinflammatory and structural damage induced by the single pollutant, suggesting a synergistic effect in damaging the skin homeostasis. Nevertheless, for the first time O3 has been shown to be able in triggering the NLRP1 inflammasome via a redox regulated mechanism and that this inflammatory pathway can represent a new possible therapeutic target in pollution-induced inflammatory skin conditions
Tra filosofia della religione e scienza delle religioni: ragione e fede nella riflessione di Rudolf Otto
No full textIl contributo intende mettere in luce lo stretto legame tra la dimensione teorico-fondativa della filosofia della religione e quella pratico-empirica della scienza delle religioni, evidenziandone il peculiare rapporto tra fede e ragione, nell'opera filosofico-teologica di Rudolf Otto
Performance of Co3O4 electrodes and their electrocatalytic activity towards oxygen evolution
No full textRedox Regulation of Nucleotide-Binding and Oligomerization Domain-Like Receptors Inflammasome
No full textSignificance: Inflammasomes are multimeric complexes that, as part of the innate immune response, sense a wide range of pathogenic and sterile stimuli. They consist of three components, namely a sensor protein, an adaptor, and procaspase-1, which once activated result in secretion of proinflammatory interleukin (IL)-1b and IL-18 and, eventually, in a gasdermin D–dependent lytic cell death called pyroptosis. Recent Advances: Since their discovery 20 years ago, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of inflammasomes have been extensively studied. Oxidative stress appears as a major contributor to modulate inflammasomes, especially NLRP3 as well as NLRP1, NLRP6, and NLRC4. Growing evidence supports the idea that the positive feedback between redox imbalance and inflammasome-driven inflammation fuels an OxInflammatory state in a variety of human pathologies. Critical Issues: The current knowledge about the redox signaling pathways involved in inflammasomes activation and functions are here highlighted. In addition, we discuss the role of this complex molecular network interaction in the onset and progression of pathological conditions including neurological and metabolic diseases as well as skin disorders, also with an insight on COVID-19–related pathology. Finally, the therapeutic strategies able to mitigate the redox-mediated inflammasome activation with synthetic and natural compounds as well as by acting on inflammasome-related post-translational modifications and microRNAs are also addressed. Future Directions: Further investigations leading to a deeper understanding of the reciprocal interaction between inflammasomes and reactive oxygen species will help identify other molecular targets for modulating their hyperactivated state, and to design novel therapeutics for chronic OxInflammatory conditions
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