26 research outputs found
GRAPH THEORY AND COMMUNITY DETECTION FOR ELEMENTARY DMA DESIGN
No full textIn this work, with the objective of designing elementary district metered areas (eDMAs), graph theory methods and community structured algorithms are applied to the case of the water distribution network of Milano. This network is highly looped and very complex, serving about two million people. Initially, the network is subdivided into 27 eDMAs, which are the number of pumping stations in operation, obtaining three different divided networks (one from community structured algorithms and two from graph theory). Unlike other procedures based on traditional techniques to sectorize networks, the maximum size of each eDMA was not previously restricted, thus generating significantly larger districts. Afterwards, a simple algorithm was applied to aggregate the eDMAs into dynamic DMAs to reduce the energy consumption and overall pressures in the network for the hour of lowest water consumption. Results show improvement in both aspects, thus justifying the study. Further studies are recommended in order to propose other eDMAs designs and other dynamic DMAs configurations
PROBABILISTIC ESTIMATION OF RUNOFF FROM GREEN ROOFS
No full textIn recent decades, green roofs are encouraged as effective tools of sustainable urban drainage system
for stormwater management. They contribute to the reduction of runoff peak flows and volume discharges to sewer systems. Green roof reliability in stormwater control is mainly a function of storage
capacity, given by the growing medium and the drainage layers. While the thickness of this last layer
is usually defined by standards, the growing medium thickness strictly depends on vegetation type and
rainfall regime. This paper presents an analytical probabilistic approach to evaluate this thickness as a
function of the reliability of green roofs in term of runoff reduction. The possibility of pre-filling from
previous events was also considered, by mean of chained rainfall events. The proposed model has the
advantage to combine the simplicity of design methods with the accuracy of continuous simulation.
The proposed equations were validated by an application to a case study in Milano, Italy. Monthly
analyses were carried out to highlight monthly differences in roof operation due to rainfall distribution
and evapotranspiration rate all
On the Problem of Notation in Mixed Type Composition: From the Experience of Marco Stroppa
No full textThe evolutionary processes in the field of musical notation, which characterize the second half
of the 20th century, reflected the main trend in the individualization of styles. The large-scale
development of new instrumental techniques and technologies for synthesis and electronic
sound processing stimulated the further development of a musical notation system as one
of the means of visualizing a musical idea. Marco Stroppa, one of the leading composers of
modern Europe, made significant developments in the field of graphic fixation of both new timbres and various aspects of the interaction of acoustic and electronic instruments within
the framework of a mixed type composition. The interpenetration of the techniques of sound
synthesis and instrumental writing as a special subject of Stroppa’s interest is reflected not only
in his musical work, but also in his texts. The musicological literature in Russian about Stroppa
is represented by the only article by the author of this publication, in which, for the first time, a
number of aspects of Stroppa’s compositional method were analyzed using the example of the
triptych “Traiettoria” for piano and computer-generated sounds, and the history of the birth of
the piece was recreated. This publication focuses on the problem of notation in a mixed type
composition and introduces into scientific use Stroppa’s compositional developments, implemented
by him in the score “Traiettoria… deviate”, the first part of the “Traiettoria” cycle.
The symbolic graphics of electronic sounds (“sound ‘objects’”) are considered, based on the
composer’s commentary, such essential concepts for his workshop as a sound complex-“code”,
temporal and frequency “staves” are characterized, examples of dynamic levels notation, pitch
indication are presented as well as the schemes of the spatial disposition of the “synthetic
orchestra” — a complex of multiple sound sources that organize the “spatial polyphony” of
the piece
Ultrasound biomicroscopy and evaluation of the feline iridocorneal angle
No full textPurpose
Identify qualitative features and quantitative parameters of the iridocorneal angle in healthy cats
using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM).
Methods
Eight cats for a total of 16 eyes, admitted at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of
Camerino for routine procedures were included in this study. All cats included were free from
ophthalmic diseases, had a normal intraocular pressure (IOP) pressure and did not undergo
pharmacological therapy potentially affecting the IOP. Images and measurements were obtained
from all cats using ACCUTOME PLUS UBM device after sedation and topical anesthesia. The
following measurements were obtained: HICA (height iridocornel angle), DICA (depth iridocorneal
angle), ICA (iridocorneal angle area) e HAC (height anterior chamber). All the data obtained by
three sequential measurements from each eye were summarized in mean and standard deviation and
subjected to omoscedasticity analysis using Cochrane test.
Results
In all cats, the UBM examination allowed a full evaluation of the cornea and the scleral corneal
junction, the iris, the crystalline and the drainage angle. Mean HICA was 1.43 ± 0.15 mm (C=0.30,
α=0.01), mean DICA was 3.05 ± 0.27 mm (C=0.14, α=0.01), mean ICA was 1.83 ± 0.28 mm2
(C=0.28, α=0.01), mean HAC was 3.47 ± 0.12 mm (C=0.24, α=0.01).
Conclusion
Despite the small sample size, measured data were statistically homogeneous in the population
studied. UBM is an easy-to-use method that can be used to study the iridocorneal angle in cats. To
the author knowledge, this study provided the first in vivo UBM evaluation in healthy cats
Federal Legislation and Common Law Aspects of Environmental Problems in Canada
No full textBecause of the ever increasing concern of mankind over the protection of his environment, greater emphasis has been placed, both in legislation and in the development of the common law, on providing answers and remedies to the problem of pollution. In this survey of the law, the author lists and discusses the Federal legislation which applies to the problem of pollution control. The discussion is broken into six topics, each dealing with particular geographical area of Canada, including one on air pollution. Particular emphasis is put on legislation respecting pollution of waters by the resource industries. Following that, the author discusses six possible remedies available at common law, with particular reference to nuisance actions. The author concludes that tlie legislative field is likely to be the most productive of solutions
Controle de plantas daninhas por meio de descarga elétrica em cultivos orgânicos de soja.
No full text
Controle de plantas daninhas por meio de descarga elétrica em cultivos orgânicos de soja.
No full textDois experimentos foram instalados em semeadura direta em área de cultivo orgânico de soja no município de São Miguel do Iguaçu, PR, com o objetivo de avaliar o controle de plantas daninhas na cultura da soja (BRS 232) por meio de descarga elétrica. O delineamento experimental foi blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. No experimento 1, fixou-se a voltagem de 4400 V e, no experimento 2, de 6800 V. Em ambos os experimentos, os tratamentos consistiram das variações de rotação do motor do trator (i) 2200 rpm (rotações por minutos); (ii) 2000 rpm; (iii) 1600 rpm e as testemunhas (iv) capinada e (v) sem capina. O equipamento utilizado para aplicação dos tratamentos foi o Eletroherb (Sayyou do Brasil). As plantas daninhas existentes na área experimental foram o amendoim-bravo (Euphorbia heterophylla), a corda-de-viola (Ipomoea spp.), a guanxuma (Sida spp.), o capim-marmelada (Brachiaria plantaginea) e o capim-colchão (Digitaria spp.). Foram avaliadas as percentagens de controle das plantas daninhas a 1(um) e aos 20 dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos (DAT), a fitomassa seca de plantas daninhas na pré-colheita da soja e a produtividade da cultura. O emprego de descarga elétrica foi eficiente no controle das plantas daninhas da cultura da soja. A rotação 2200 rpm proporcionou o melhor controle e, conseqüentemente, a maior produtividade da soja
Núcleo de aprendizagem, treinamento e apoio aos gestores escolares da superintendência regional de ensino de Ubá - MG
No full textThe first goal of this work of this work is to identify barriers and propose
improvements in the process of training and qualification of directors of
Superintendência Regional de Ensino de Ubá – (SRE/Ubá), with the proposed
creation of a core of support for learning and training of school principals. The
methodology used was based on the experience of daily work of the author with the
managers of the schools linked to the SRE/Ubá, through indirect observation and
documentary research analysis built in two moments, a censitary character
questionnaire, applied to school directors on exercise in SRE/Ubá 1st semester of
2012 and after a series of interviews with school managers and managers of
SRE/Ubá that served to complement the data collected in the application of
questionnaire. The results obtained in this survey show that the directors of State
School of Minas Gerais , regional lack managerial preparation at the time they take
their duties of managerial direction the knowledge that they possess is provided by
courses offered by SRE/Ubá and is developed together with the everyday practice of
work. , that was detected to have a fragmentation in the technical support offered to
school directors by the SRE/Ubá and that this fragmentation into many opportunities
is not contributing to the activities of directors, since there is not a sector responsible
for coordination of care.O objetivo primeiro deste trabalho é identificar as barreiras e propor melhorias
no processo de apoio, formação e qualificação dos gestores escolares da Superintendência
Regional de Ensino de Ubá – MG - (SRE/Ubá), com a proposta de criação
de um Núcleo de aprendizagem para apoio e formação de diretores escolares em
seu âmbito. A metodologia utilizada foi baseada na experiência de trabalho cotidiano
do autor com os gestores das escolas estaduais vinculadas à SRE/Ubá, por meio da
observação indireta, da análise documental e uma pesquisa construída em dois
momentos. Primeiramente aplicou-se um questionário de caráter censitário aos diretores
de escola em exercício na SRE/Ubá, no 1º semestre do ano de 2012 e após
uma série de questionários semi estruturados com gestores escolares e gestores da
SRE/Ubá que serviu para completar os dados apurados na aplicação do questionário.
Os resultados obtidos nesta pesquisa revelam que os diretores de escola estadual
desta regional de ensino mineira, não possuem preparação gerencial no momento
em que assumem suas funções de direção, que a formação gerencial que detém
é obtida por cursos oferecidos pela SRE/Ubá e é desenvolvida juntamente com
a prática cotidiana do trabalho. Detectou-se ainda, que existe uma fragmentação no
atendimento técnico oferecido aos gestores escolares por parte da SRE/Ubá e que
esta fragmentação em muitas oportunidades não está contribuindo com as atividades
dos gestores, pois não existe um setor responsável pela coordenação deste atendimento
LFG without C-structures
No full textWe explore the use of two dependency parsers, Malt and MST, in a Lexical Functional Grammar parsing pipeline. We compare this to the traditional LFG parsing pipeline which uses constituency parsers. We train the dependency parsers not on classical LFG f-structures but rather on modified
dependency-tree versions of these in which all words in the input sentence are represented and multiple heads are removed. For the purposes of comparison, we also modify the existing CFG-based LFG parsing pipeline so that these "LFG-inspired" dependency trees are produced. We find that the differences in parsing accuracy over the various parsing architectures is small
