3,910 research outputs found
Douglas W. Ferguson (August 19,1971)
No full textDouglas W. Ferguson attended high school with Nixon for three years. Ferguson\u27s brother was an air controller during the Normandy Invasion.
Please note that this interview is to be used for personal projects only, with appropriate credit given to the interviewee, and may not be used in commercial or transformative works
FIGURE 2 in Taxonomic review of the Grammia nevadensis species group (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) with descriptions of`two new species
No full textFIGURE 2. Reproduction of illustration accompanying original description of Arctia behrii male (Stretch 1872, pg. 75, plate 3 fig 12).Published as part of Ferguson, Douglas C. & Schmidt, Christian, 2007, Taxonomic review of the Grammia nevadensis species group (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) with descriptions of`two new species, pp. 39-49 in Zootaxa 1405 on page 46, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17549
FIGURES 3–8 in Taxonomic review of the Grammia nevadensis species group (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) with descriptions of`two new species
No full textFIGURES 3–8. Male genitalia Grammia nevadensis group species; caudoventral aspect of genital capsule (a) and aedeagus with vesica everted, right lateral aspect. 3) G. nevadensis superba (Oliver, BC), 4) G. behrii (Kern Co., CA), 5) G. incorrupta (Pima Co., AZ), 6) G. williamsii (Jenner, AB), 7) G. eureka (PARATYPE, Eureka, UT), 8) G. bowmani (PARATYPE, Mesa Co., CO).Published as part of Ferguson, Douglas C. & Schmidt, Christian, 2007, Taxonomic review of the Grammia nevadensis species group (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) with descriptions of`two new species, pp. 39-49 in Zootaxa 1405 on page 48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17549
FIGURE 1 in Taxonomic review of the Grammia nevadensis species group (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) with descriptions of`two new species
No full textFIGURE 1. Adult males of the Grammia nevadensis species group, a) G. n. nevadensis (Winnemuca, Humboldt Co., NV); b) G. n. superba (Victoria, Vancouver Is., BC); c) G. n. geneura (Estes Park, Larimer Co., CO); d) G. n. gibsoni (Burstall dunes, SK); e) G. behrii (Eight Dollar Mtn., Josephine Co., OR); f) G. i n c o r r u p t a (Comanche Natl. Grassland, Baca Co., CO); g) G. williamsii (Jenner, AB); h) G. eureka (HOLOTYPE, Eureka, Juab Co., UT); i) G. bowmani (PARATYPE, Black Ridge, Mesa Co., CO).Published as part of Ferguson, Douglas C. & Schmidt, Christian, 2007, Taxonomic review of the Grammia nevadensis species group (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) with descriptions of`two new species, pp. 39-49 in Zootaxa 1405 on page 41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17549
Grammia nevadensis subsp. gibsoni McDunnough 1937
No full textGrammia nevadensis gibsoni (McDunnough, 1937) revised status (Fig. 1 d) Grammia gibsoni was described from the Canadian prairies (type locality: Calgary, Alberta; Types in CNC). It is a relatively brightlycoloured representative of nevadensis, that occurs in the northern Great Plains from Alberta to Manitoba, south through Montana. Gibsoni is intermediate between superba and nevadensis in many respects, in that it has wider forewing bands and less saturated hindwing colours than superba. Gibsoni phenotypes also occur south to at least southcentral Wyoming. To the west, it is largely replaced by superba north of the Great Basin, and nevadensis to the southwest.Published as part of Ferguson, Douglas C. & Schmidt, Christian, 2007, Taxonomic review of the Grammia nevadensis species group (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) with descriptions of`two new species, pp. 39-49 in Zootaxa 1405 on page 42, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17549
Grammia bowmani Ferguson & Schmidt, 2007, New Species
No full textGrammia bowmani New Species (Figs. 1 i, 8) Diagnosis. The size, wing pattern, and colouration of bowmani are somewhat similar to those of G. e u re k a (see Diagnosis under that species), and in this respect it is intermediate between G. nevadensis superba and G. williamsii. It can be distinguished from G. nevadensis by the shorter antennal branches (longest branches 3– 3.5 x intersegmental distance versus 4–4.5 x), smaller male juxta (1mm wide or less, versus greater than 1 mm), and shorter, wider male vesica. The forewing median and postmedian bands tend to be straight or nearly so, not distally convex as in nevadensis. Wing fringes are entirely or predominantly black, not predominantly white as in nevadensis. Vestiture of the forecoxae is pale brown to dull yellow, bright yellow in nevadensis. Compared to G. williamsii, bowmani has longer antennal branches (3–3.5 x intersegmental distance versus 2.5 x), and the median and/or postmedian lines extend beyond the postcubital band, very rarely (<5 %) so in williamsii. The vestiture of the legs and thorax underside are dark brown, with a buff area restricted to the forecoxae, compared to extensive buff thorax underside in williamsii. Description. MALE. Head: Head, antennae, and palpi almost entirely black, palpi and frons occasionally with a few pale scales. Antennae prominently bipectinate, length of pectinations 3–3.5 x intersegmental distance. Thorax: Legs and patagia almost entirely black, or patagia with light border typical of the genus. The thorax exhibits two colour forms, an allbrown/black form and the typical striped form (not seen in the Colorado specimens). Both G. nevadensis and G. williamsii tooele (Barnes & McDunnough) also show these two colour forms, while G. behrii exhibits only the dark form. Lightcoloured vestiture of and between forecoxae that is normally bright yellow and often extended to adjoining ventral areas of thorax in most members of the nevadensis complex generally reduced or even absent in bowmani, and, when present, it is pale buff to dull whitish, only rarely yellow. Forewing dorsally with typical buffwhitish Grammia pattern on nearly black background, most similar to G. nevadensis superba but with bands more reduced; antemedial band incomplete or absent, although a fragment of the antemedial or postmedial or both may extend toward inner margin beyond postcubital band, but usually not reaching inner margin (for nomenclature of forewing pattern in Arctiini see Ferguson, 1985: 194, 252 – 253). An especially significant feature of the forewing pattern is that the medial and postmedial bands have a tendency to be nearly straight, as in G. williamsii, rather than convex or curved basad before reaching costa as in nevadensis. Fringes entirely or predominantly black. Length 13–17 mm, average 14.8 mm (n = 49). Hindwing brightrose to pale pink, with the submarginal dark spots most often concentrated toward outer margin, resembling williamsii in this respect, especially subspecies tooele from the Great Basin region of Utah. Fringes black, often buff along anal angle. Ventral fore and hindwing markings identical to dorsal pattern, with a more washedout colour. Abdomen: Pink dorsolaterally, with a middorsal black band or series of spots as in nevadensis and most Grammia species; black ventrally with thin, transverse, intersegmental stripes of pale brown. Genitalia (Fig. 8) with distal half of valve narrower than that of most nevadensis, but this is variable in both species; the large, membranecovered cavity on the inner face of the valve, extending from the base to the middle of valve surrounded or enclosed by elevated sclerotic ridges or folds. This whole structure is larger, deeper, and more highly developed or exaggerated in bowmani than in nevadensis. Juxta relatively narrow for members of this group, about 2 / 3 as wide as that of nevadensis; the fully everted vesica is only about 2 / 3 as large as that of nevadensis, and the scobinate zone tends to cover a smaller area, although with many of the individual spinules larger, at least those well toward distal end. Vesica divided by constrictions into several chambers, the largest, distal chamber much larger in nevadensis than in bowmani, closely resembling williamsii. FEMALE. Unknown. Holotype. Male. COLORADO, Mesa Co., Coal Mine Pt., Black Ridge, 7,000 ft., 16 May 1987, D.E. Bowman. Deposited in USNM. Paratypes. 51 males. COLORADO: 9 males, same locality and collector, 16 May 1987 (5), 18 May 1985 (1), 26 July 1975 (3); 11 males, Upper Red Canyon, Colorado National Monument, Mesa Co., 31 May 1997, B. Rodgers family; 1 male, West Entrance, 4,700 ft., Colorado National Monument, Mesa Co., 1 June 1996, B. Rodgers family; 3 males, Upper No Thoroughfare Canyon, 6,200 ft., Colorado National Monument, Mesa Co., 18 June 1996, B. Rodgers family; 20 males, same locality and collectors, 12 July 1997. 1 male, Mesa Co., Colorado National Monument, Upper Ute Canyon, 7 June 2000, Opler & Slossen; 1 male, Mesa Co., Colorado National Monument, head of Red Canyon, 34 July 2000, J. Moore. Others taken in Mesa County, 27 May 1988 by T.S. Dickel are not included because full locality data is not at present available. UTAH: 5 males, San Juan Co., Blanding, 1 July 1970, R. Carcasson.; 1 male, San Juan Co., Monticello, 7 June 1960, N. McFarland. Paratypes are deposited in USNM, DEB, CSU, AMNH, CNC, CU, EME, LACM and RBCM. Distribution. The species is known only from the localities indicated in Mesa County, western Colorado and from the vicinity of Blanding, southeastern Utah. It may be common where found, as in the Colorado National Monument. For Colorado, Grammia bowmani would have to be considered a relatively lowelevation species. Flight period. Dates of capture span a period from midMay to late July. The female likely does not come to light, as in G. nevadensis and G. williamsii. Early stages. Unknown. Remarks. Grammia bowmani is remarkably similar in appearance to some individuals of G. nevadensis superba and G. williamsii, and appears to be most closely related to williamsii. The differences in male genitalia, antennal morphology, and wing markings (see Diagnosis), however, show that it is distinct from other species of this group. Etymology. We are pleased to name this species after Donald E. Bowman of Pueblo West, Colorado, an indefatigable collector of North American arctiids and the person who first brought this species to light.Published as part of Ferguson, Douglas C. & Schmidt, Christian, 2007, Taxonomic review of the Grammia nevadensis species group (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) with descriptions of`two new species, pp. 39-49 in Zootaxa 1405 on pages 44-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17549
Grammia nevadensis subsp. geneura Strecker 1880
No full textGrammia nevadensis geneura (Strecker, 1880) revised status (Fig. 1 c) The nevadensis subspecies that occurs at moderate to upper elevations in the Front Ranges of the Colorado Rocky Mountains is geneura (Strecker, 1880). Populations from Hinsdale County (9000 ’ elevation) also appear to belong to this taxon. The name geneura, previously associated with the larger, paler or brighter Arizona Texas taxon (Figs. 1 f, 5), is not available in that sense because geneura was described from Gilpin County, Colorado (8500 ’). This is outside the range and habitat of the southern taxon, and examination of the holotype of geneura (Field Museum of Natural history, Chicago, IL) confirms the true identity of this species. The species formerly associated with the name geneura has been revised to G. incorrupta (Henry Edwards, 1881) by Ferguson & Opler (2006). Males of G. incorrupta can be distinguished from G. nevadensis by the longer antennal pectinations, the longest averaging 0.76 mm in incorrupta versus 0.66 mm in nevadensis; the darkthorax phenotype common in G. n. nevadensis and G. n. superba is very rare in G. i n c o r r u p t a, and the entirely palebuff thoracic collar (patagia) seen in about 25 % of incorrupta specimens never occurs in G. nevadensis. G. incorrupta is multibrooded, while G. nevadensis is univoltine, and females of G. incorrupta are attracted to light while those of G. nevadensis (and indeed of all other nevadensis group species) are not.Published as part of Ferguson, Douglas C. & Schmidt, Christian, 2007, Taxonomic review of the Grammia nevadensis species group (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) with descriptions of`two new species, pp. 39-49 in Zootaxa 1405 on page 42, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17549
Douglas C. Ferguson, 1971-1972. — Bombycoidea, Saturniidae, in Richard B. Dominick et al., The Moths of America, North of Mexico, 20 : 2 A (1971), 2 B (1972). E.W. Classey Limited et R.D.B. Publications Inc., Londres
No full textLemaire C. Douglas C. Ferguson, 1971-1972. — Bombycoidea, Saturniidae, in Richard B. Dominick et al., The Moths of America, North of Mexico, 20 : 2 A (1971), 2 B (1972). E.W. Classey Limited et R.D.B. Publications Inc., Londres. In: Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, volume 77 (9-10), Novembre-décembre 1972. pp. 313-314
Grammia eureka Ferguson & Schmidt, 2007, New Species
No full textGrammia eureka New Species (Figs. 1 h, 7) Diagnosis. Males of G. eureka resemble those of G. b o w m a n i, n. sp. (the female of bowmani unknown) but have a reduced, elliptical eye and a larger, more exposed gena; the reduced eyes suggest that both sexes are diurnal, which may help explain why so few have been collected. The longest antennal branches are shorter than those of both bowmani and nevadensis: 2–2.5 times the intersegmental length in eureka compared to 3– 3.5 and 4–4.5 for bowmani and nevadensis, respectively. The black spots of the hindwing are mainly clustered toward the outer margin as in bowmani and some forms of G. nevadensis, but the hindwing ground colour is a more orangetinted shade, not the pink to deep salmon pink of bowmani. Although somewhat faded from age, the male and female hindwings of eureka appear to be coloured alike (not as in G. nevadensis, in which female hindwing colouring is much more saturated). Also, surprisingly for a Grammia species of this group, the male genitalia appear to be distinctive (only one specimen was dissected), in that the apex of the valve is blunt and squared off, not elongate and rounded as in other members of the group (Fig. 6). Collection dates indicate a much earlier flight period than G. nevadensis, with records from April to May, compared to August through September for G. n. nevadensis. G. e u re k a and G. nevadensis are sympatric at Eureka, Utah, with numerous nevadensis specimens known from Eureka (T. Spalding; CNC, USNM) and nearby localities (D.F. Hardwick; CNC). Description. MALE. Head: Eyes reduced to little more than half the size seen in most species of Grammia, including G. nevadensis, behrii, and bowmani, and having the appearance of being directed forward. The eye reduction leaves an exposed gena, which bears a few brown scales, more in one male than the other. Upper edge of eye set well apart from base of antenna, whereas it almost touches base of antenna in species with larger eyes. Compound eye roughly equals onefourth of a sphere; that of nevadensis, bowmani, and most others of the group is onehalf a sphere or close. Antennae bipectinate with relatively short branches, the longest 2–2.5 X longer than intersegmental distance; antenna brown, the branches tending to be slightly clavate, the shaft and branches fully scaled above, setose beneath in the usual way; palpi appearing long but probably only because of their long vestiture and more conspicuous appearance relative to the reduced eye. Front and tips of palpi white at sides, otherwise dark brown or blackish. Thorax: Vertex with tuft of long, black scales; each patagium black with border of whitish vestiture along both sides; tegula black with whitish border along each side; dorsum of thorax otherwise whitish with wide middorsal black band. Thorax beneath mostly with shaggy black vestiture (with some small white patches), except for legs, which are largely white, especially the tibiae. Abdomen: Abdomen with mediumwidth black middorsal band, reddish at sides, pale ventrally except for a segmental series of vertical bars in zone between pink and pale areas. Forewing (Fig. 1 h) dorsally with an almost complete set of whitish bands, except that the basal and antemedial bands may be fragmentary as in bowmani and many specimens of nevadensis. General pattern as in other members of group except that medial band is nearly straight, as in bowmani; not as strongly convex as in nevadensis. Postmedial band curved or bent basad near costa, but not as strongly so as in most members of the nevadensis complex (bowmani differs in having this band nearly straight as in williamsii); cubital band well developed. Wing length: holotype, 16.5 mm; paratype male, 17 mm. Length to width ratio = 2.25 (n = 2). Hindwing (Fig. 1 h) dorsally orange red, not pink to salmon coloured as in bowmani, or bright red as in many nevadensis; submarginal dark spots with tendency to be concentrated as a border on outer margin much as in bowmani. Ventrally with pattern very similar to upper side, but with colour less intense. Abdomen: Male genitalia (Fig. 6) with valves relatively distinctive for this genus, with the distal part of the valve wide and spatulate, appearing squaredoff not tapered and rounded. Inner median ridge and median process of valve moderately developed; Juxta wide with broad, shallow dorsal notch; basal 1 / 4 of uncus with pronounced constriction, smoothly tapering to apex with slight constriction 2 / 3 of distance to apex. Aedeagus with strong dorsad curve at 2 / 3 distance beyond base. Vesica apparently indistinguishable from G. nevadensis, coarsely and extensively scobinate but not much more so than in related species. Largest (apical) chamber of vesica more elongate like nevadensis in comparison to the short, broad vesica of G. williamsii (Fig. 6) and G. bowmani (Fig. 8). The genitalia of only one male was examined so that the other could be kept intact for future reference and illustration, since the abdominal markings are sometimes important in Grammia. FEMALE. Head: palpus with or without pale tip. Eye reduced as in male; gena large, partly scaled; antenna somewhat laminate, appearing serrate at sides, black. Thorax: Legs black with creamcoloured markings as in male; tibiae characteristically pale outwardly (laterally), blackish inwardly (proximally). Markings of both wings much like those of male, except that basal and antemedial bands of forewing tend to be further reduced; basal band essentially absent; antemedial band wide and prominent, although broken in the middle in the Utah female, absent except for a trace at costa in the Idaho female. It should be emphasized that in most members of the nevadensis complex and other species of Grammia, the hindwings are more intensely coloured than those of the male, but G. eureka differs in having the sexes coloured alike. Length of forewing: 18 mm; lengthwidth ratio = 2.25 (n = 2). Abdomen: Generally similar to male but larger, and nearly all black ventrally. Genitalia not examined. Holotype: Male. UTAH, [Juab County], Eureka, 16 May 1909, Tom Spalding (Fig. 1 h). (illustrated in Barnes & McDunnough (1912) pl. 3, fig. 1). Paratypes: 1 male, 2 females. Male, same locality and collector as holotype, 9 May 1910, USNM Slide No. 56401; female, same locality and collector, 20 April 1910 (illustrated in Barnes & McDunnough (1912) pl. 3, fig. 8); female, IDAHO, Ada Co., Boise, Jim Manning [no date, and locality not certain see Remarks below]. All types deposited in USNM. The female dated 20 April 1910 has slightly crumpled wings as though it had been reared or perhaps collected before the wings had fully hardened. Distribution. Eastern and northern edges of the Great Basin in Utah and Idaho, insofar as known. Flight period. 20 April– 16 May. Remarks. Grammia eureka is based on three old specimens from the Barnes collection in the USNM, collected in Utah by Tom Spalding almost a century ago, and a female paratype thought to have been collected near Boise, Idaho (see below). The three Utah specimens collected in 1909 and 1910 were acquired by Barnes and McDunnough for the Barnes Collection, the largest privately held North American Lepidoptera collection of its day. Spalding was one of several field collectors from whom Barnes purchased western material or paid to collect for him, and the Barnes collection was later purchased by the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture for the National Collection. Barnes and McDunnough (1912: p. 10, pl. 3, figs. 1, 8) published photographs of the specimen here designated as holotype of G. e u re k a and the female from Utah as examples of what "is probably the true blakei.” This determination was wrong, as McDunnough must later have realized, but no one pursued the matter further. These specimens remained intact just as McDunnough (Barnes’ curator) had left them. Their specific identity has remained somewhat of a puzzle without additional specimens coming to light, with the exception of the paratype female; this specimen was received in the 1950 s by the senior author from Jim Manning, a butterfly collector of Boise, Idaho. Received as a papered specimen, it bore no data and it is merely assumed that the collection locality was at or near Boise. That region, like Eureka, Utah, is near the edge of the Great Basin, which may provide a clue to the species’ habitat.Published as part of Ferguson, Douglas C. & Schmidt, Christian, 2007, Taxonomic review of the Grammia nevadensis species group (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) with descriptions of`two new species, pp. 39-49 in Zootaxa 1405 on pages 42-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17549
Grammia nevadensis Grote & Robinson 1866
No full textGrammia nevadensis (Grote & Robinson, 1866) (Figs. 1 a–d, 3) Despite the considerable geographic variation in extent and colour of wing markings, we have not been able to find any consistent morphological differences (genitalia, antennae or otherwise) that correlate with the phenotypic differences seen among the taxa nevadensis, geneura, superba and gibsoni. Furthermore, long series of specimens from any given locality often contain phenotypes indistinguishable from other geographic regions. Molecular data show that at least some phenotypically and geographically distinct populations show identical haplotypes of the COICOII gene regions of mitochondrial DNA (Schmidt, unpublished). Briefly, these results show that populations near the range edges of nevadensis subspecies exhibit mixed Cordilleran/Great Basin (subspecies nevadensis and superba) and Great Plains (ssp. gibsoni) haplotypes; for example, southeastern Wyoming and southern Alberta gibsoni phenotypes exhibit at least some haplotypes characteristic of subspecies nevadensis and superba. We therefore treat G. nevadensis as consisting of four subspecies: nevadensis, geneura, superba and gibsoni. G. nevadensis tends to be larger with narrower forewing white bands and more saturated colours in the northern parts of its range. Forewing length ranges from 1519 mm, averaging 16.3 mm (n = 86) overall, with an average of 16.8 mm (n = 11) for British Columbia and 17.4 mm (n = 5) for Washington populations, compared to averages of 16.0 mm (n = 53) for eastern Oregon and 16.3 mm (n = 15) for western Montana.Published as part of Ferguson, Douglas C. & Schmidt, Christian, 2007, Taxonomic review of the Grammia nevadensis species group (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) with descriptions of`two new species, pp. 39-49 in Zootaxa 1405 on page 40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17549
- …
