117 research outputs found
Developmental expression of a tandemly repeated, glycine- and serine-rich spore wall protein in the microsporidian pathogen Encephalitozoon cuniculi.
No full textMicrosporidia are intracellular organisms of increasing importance as opportunistic pathogens in immunocompromised patients. Host cells are infected by the extrusion and injection of polar tubes located within spores. The spore is surrounded by a rigid spore wall which, in addition to providing mechanical resistance, might be involved in host cell recognition and initiation of the infection process. A 51-kDa outer spore wall protein was identified in Encephalitozoon cuniculi with the aid of a monoclonal antibody, and the corresponding gene, SWP1, was cloned by immunoscreening of a cDNA expression library. The cDNA encodes a protein of 450 amino acids which displays no significant similarities to known proteins in databases. The carboxy-terminal region consists of five tandemly arranged glycine- and serine-rich repetitive elements. SWP1 is a single-copy gene that is also present in the genomes of Encephalitozoon intestinalis and Encephalitozoon hellem as demonstrated by Southern analysis. Indirect immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy revealed that SWP1 is differentially expressed during the infection cycle. The protein is absent in replicative meronts until 24 h postinfection, and its expression is first induced in early sporonts at a time when organisms translocate from the periphery to the center of the parasitophorous vacuole. Expression of SWP1 appears to be regulated at the mRNA level, as was shown by reverse transcriptase PCR analysis. Further identification and characterization of stage-specific genes might help to unravel the complex intracellular differentiation process of microsporidia
TINJAUAN PENYELESAIAN PERMOHONAN PENGURANGAN SANKSI ADMINISTRASI PAJAK PERIODE 2019 DI KANTOR WILAYAH DJP JAKARTA SELATAN II
No full textThis Final Assignment Report was prepared by Sepia Maulida with Student ID Number 1741211012, with the title "Review of Completion of Requests for Reducing Tax Administration Sanctions for 2019 Period at the Regional Office of the South Jakarta DJP II" This report was prepared based on the results of research conducted by the author at the Regional Office of the DJP South Jakarta II.
The author's background takes the title above because to illustrate and know the flow of the process of completing the application for reducing the tax administration sanctions made by the taxpayer as a deduction from the tax payable.
The method used by the author in this research is descriptive method. Descriptive research is one type of research that aims to describe or describe the data that has been collected as there is no intention to make conclusions that apply to the public or generalization.
The results obtained from this study are explained that taxpayers who have objections to tax bills or tax assessments issued by the Directorate General of Taxes can burden taxpayers because there is an element of error that burdens taxpayers, taxpayers can also use the facility by filing a facility lawsuit and appeal with the aim of the Directorate General of Taxes can review the decision by submitting a letter requesting reduction or elimination of tax administration sanctions with the aim of deductible tax deductible
More on Toxoplasma gondii, sex and premature rejection
No full textIn the Scottish legal system, there is the verdict of 'not proven' when neither innocence nor guilt can be clearly established; and this is where I would place the sex allocation theory as applied to the Apicomplexa. I am not proposing rejection of the sex allocation theory, just that it is premature to consider basing treatment or control strategies on population structures calculated from sex ratios obtained from single blood-smears
Laboratoriumonderzoek betreffende klemming van gezette steenbekledingen: Onderdeel van 7.3.2. van het Onderzoeksprogramma Kennisleemtes Steenbekledingen
No full textDit rapport is een onderdeel van het Onderzoekzoeksprogramma Kennisleemtes Steenbekledingen. Het betreft onderzoek op deelplan 7.3 naar de kennisleemte omtrent de bijdrage van klemming aan de stabiliteit van steenbekledingen onder golfaanval. Er is een mechanicamodel beschikbaar voor de bijdrage van klemming. Dit model gaat uit van de aanwezigheid van normaalkracht in de toplaag. De wrijving van de toplaag over de onderlaag beïnvloedt deze normaalkracht. De normaalkracht is bepalend voor de moment- en dwarskrachtcapaciteit van de toplaag, en daarmee voor de stabiliteit onder waterdrukken die groter zijn dan het effectieve gewicht van de bekleding. Deze fenomenen zijn onderzocht middels laboratoriumproeven. Dit rapport is het meeten analyseverslag van de proeven. Er is een wrijvingsproevenserie uitgevoerd met 37 proefnemingen met intotaal 368 meetwaarden. Het blijkt dat over de grootte en over de beïnvloedende fatoren relevante en statistisch betrouwbare uitspraken kunnen worden gedaan. De gemiddelde wrijving blijkt ca. 0.6. Deze bevinding is in overeenstemming met de literatuur. De lengte van de glijweg, de korrelgrootte, de elementgrootte en de verandering van richting van de beweging blijken van significante invloed. De validatie van het mechanicamodel is uitgevoerd middels trekproeven (49 stuks op een wrijvingsloze bedding en 12 stuks op een bedding van steenslag), waarbij een strook van 1.5 m breedte in breedterichting uniform belast is. In lengterichting is de belasting sinusvormig met variabele lengte. De belasting representeert de druk die onder de bekledingen optreedt bij golfbelasting. Het blijkt dat de trekproefresultaten trendmatig goed overeenkomen met de predicties volgens het model. De kwantitatieve resultaten laten zich verklaren met verfijningen in het model. Het onderzoek biedt een goede basis voor bureaustudie en mogelijk ook voor toekomstige toepassing van een stabiliteitsbijdrage van klemming in ontwerp en toetsing van steenbekledingen.Technisch wetenschappelijk onderzoe
Kennisontwikkeling t.b.v. SteenToets 2006
No full textIn deze rapportage wordt de toetsing van steenbekleding op een helling gedurende belasting door golven behandeld. De werking van het golffront en golfklap worden hierin constructief benaderd. Afgesloten wordt met de dynamische respons en de zwakte punten in de toplaag.SteenToets 200
Light and electron microscopical observations of the effects of high-density lipoprotein on growth of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro
No full textAuthor Posting. © Cambridge University Press, 2004. This article is posted here by permission of Cambridge University Press for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Parasitology 128 (2004): 577-584, doi:10.1017/S0031182004005025.Human serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is necessary and sufficient for the short-term maintenance of Plasmodium falciparum in in vitro culture. However, at high concentrations it is toxic to the parasite. A heat-labile component is apparently responsible for the stage-specific toxicity to parasites within infected erythrocytes 12–42 h after invasion, i.e. during trophozoite maturation. The effects of HDL on parasite metabolism (as determined by nucleic acid synthesis) are evident at about 30 h after invasion. Parasites treated with HDL show gross abnormalities by light and electron microscopy.Professor Hajduk was supported by NIH. Professor Day
was supported by a Research Leave Fellowship from The
Wellcome Trust. Dr Imrie and Ms Carter were supported
by Programme Grant funding awarded to Professor Day
from The Wellcome Trust. Dr Ferguson was supported by
an equipment grant from The Wellcome Trust
The coccidian oocyst: a tough nut to crack!
No full textCoccidian parasites are transmitted between hosts by the ingestion of food or water contaminated with oocysts, followed by the release of infectious sporozoites and invasion of the gastro-intestinal tract. In the external environment, sporozoites are protected from desiccation and chemical disinfection by the oocyst wall. This unique structure guarantees successful disease transmission and is as vital to the coccidian parasite as the exoskeleton is to insects - without it they would die. Here, we revisit the early work and combine it with newer molecular data to describe our present understanding of the coccidian oocyst wall. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
The development of the macrogamete and oocyst wall in Eimeria maxima: Immuno-light and electron microscopy
No full textWe have identified, and followed the development of three macrogamete organelles involved in the formation of the oocyst wall of Eimeria maxima. The first were small lucent vacuoles that cross-reacted with antibodies to the apple domains of the Toxoplasma gondii microneme protein 4. They appeared early in development and were secreted during macrogamete maturation to form an outer veil and were termed veil forming bodies. The second were the wall forming bodies type 1, large, electron dense vacuoles that stained positively only with antibodies raised to an enriched preparation of the native forms of 56 (gam56), 82 (gam82) and 230 kDa (gam230) gametocyte antigens (termed anti-APGA). The third were the wall forming bodies type 2, which appeared before the wall forming bodies type 1 but remain enclosed within the rough endoplasmic reticulum and stained positively with antibodies raised to recombinant versions of gam56 (anti-gam56), gam82 (anti-gam82) and gam230 (anti-gam230) plus anti-APGA. At the initiation of oocyst wall formation, the anti-T. gondii microneme protein 4 positive outer veil detached from the surface. The outer layer of the oocyst wall was formed by the release of the contents of wall forming bodies type 1 at the surface to form an electron dense, anti-APGA positive layer. The wall forming bodies type 2 appeared, subsequently, to give rise to the electron lucent inner layer. Thus, oocyst wall formation in E. maxima represents a sequential release of the contents of the veil forming bodies, wall forming bodies types 1 and 2 and this may be controlled at the level of the rough endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi body. © 2003 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
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