288 research outputs found
sj-doc-1-tah-10.1177_20406207231189922 – Supplemental material for Anemia is associated with long-term exposure to PM2.5 and its components: a large population-based study in Southwest China
No full textSupplemental material, sj-doc-1-tah-10.1177_20406207231189922 for Anemia is associated with long-term exposure to PM2.5 and its components: a large population-based study in Southwest China by Congyuan He, Linshen Xie, Lingxi Gu, Hongyu Yan, Shiyu Feng, Chunmei Zeng, Wangjiu Danzhen, Xuehui Zhang, Mingming Han, Zhifeng Li, Zhuoma Duoji, Bing Guo, Juying Zhang, Feng Hong and Xing Zhao in Therapeutic Advances in Hematology</p
Auto-passivation of crystal defects in hybrid imidazolium/methylammonium lead iodide films by fumigation with methylamine affords high efficiency perovskite solar cells
No full textHybrid perovskite solar cells have attracted tremendous interest in the photovoltaic community. Despite their high defect tolerance, reducing the trap density by material engineering and surface modification is still critical to further boost performance. Here, methylammonium lead(II) iodide perovskite has been doped with imidazolium iodide in high concentrations (10-30 mol%) to boost solar cell performance, by passivating defects. Fumigation with methylamine results in the deprotonation of the embedded imidazolium cations, generating imidazole and methylammonium cations. The resulting (neutral) imidazole is extruded from the 3-D perovskite crystal and distributes around the crystal leading to auto-passivation of crystal defects. The structure of the imidazolium-PbI3 salt intermediate (i.e. formed in the absence of the methylammonium cation) has been determined and the resulting perovskite film characterized. Employed in solar cells, a power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 20.14% is demonstrated.GMFCIMELCO
Priming effect stimulates carbon release from thawed permafrost
No full textClimate warming leads to widespread permafrost thaw with a fraction of the thawed permafrost carbon (C) being released as carbon dioxide (CO2), thus triggering a positive permafrost C-climate feedback. However, large uncertainty exists in the size of this model-projected feedback, partly owing to the limited understanding of permafrost CO2 release through the priming effect (i.e., the stimulation of soil organic matter decomposition by external C inputs) upon thaw. By combining permafrost sampling from 24 sites on the Tibetan Plateau and laboratory incubation, we detected an overall positive priming effect (an increase in soil C decomposition by up to 31%) upon permafrost thaw, which increased with permafrost C density (C storage per area). We then assessed the magnitude of thawed permafrost C under future climate scenarios by coupling increases in active layer thickness over half a century with spatial and vertical distributions of soil C density. The thawed C stocks in the top 3 m of soils from the present (2000–2015) to the future period (2061–2080) were estimated at 1.0 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.8–1.2) and 1.3 (95% CI: 1.0–1.7) Pg (1 Pg = 1015 g) C under moderate and high Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios 4.5 and 8.5, respectively. We further predicted permafrost priming effect potential (priming intensity under optimal conditions) based on the thawed C and the empirical relationship between the priming effect and permafrost C density. By the period 2061–2080, the regional priming potentials could be 8.8 (95% CI: 7.4–10.2) and 10.0 (95% CI: 8.3–11.6) Tg (1 Tg = 1012 g) C year−1 under the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios, respectively. This large CO2 emission potential induced by the priming effect highlights the complex permafrost C dynamics upon thaw, potentially reinforcing permafrost C-climate feedback
Restoration of critical-sized defects in the rabbit mandible using autologous bone marrow stromal cells hybridized with nano- ��-tricalcium phosphate/collagen scaffolds
No full textNano-??-tricalcium phosphate/collagen (n-??-TCP/Col) is considered with good osteoconductivity. However, the therapeutic effectiveness of n-??-TCP/Col scaffolds in combination with autologous bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) remains to be elucidated for the repair of critical-sized bone defects. In this study, we found that n-??-TCP/Col scaffolds exhibited high biocompatibility in vitro. The introduction of BMSCs expanded in vitro to the scaffolds dramatically enhanced their efficiency to restore critical-sized bone defects, especially during the initial stage after implantation. Collectively, these results suggest that autologous BMSCs in n-??-TCP/Col scaffolds have the potential to be applied in bone tissue engineering. ? 2013 Xuehui Zhang et al.http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000327202500001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=8e1609b174ce4e31116a60747a720701SCI(E)EI2201
The molecular basis of mitchondrial genome rearrangements in pearl millet and sorghum
No full textThe plant mitochondrial genome is retained in a multipartite structure that is highly recombinogenic, and rearrangements often occur spontaneously. Recombinationally active large and small repeated sequences and substoichiometric DNA molecules are responsible for the dynamic nature of the genome. Through comparison of mitochondrial (mt) DNA polymorphisms between the cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) A1 line of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) and its fertile revertant, it was discovered that fertility reversion results from a two-step recombination event to alter two of the three CoxI -related regions and destroy expression of an abnormal CoxI-3 gene. Copy number of a subgenomic molecule that contains a CoxI-1-2 junction sequence is 10 times higher in revertant lines than in the maintainer B line and CMS A1 line. We propose that increased copy number of this junction sequence triggers a recombination event that leads to fertility reversion in CMS millet. CoxI-3 is prominent in the CMS A1 line, but it is substoichiometric in the maintainer B line. Since RNAi-mediated knockdown of the nuclear gene Msh1 causes substoichiometric shifting and mtDNA rearrangements in dicots, and a diverse collection of naturally occurring CMS lines are available in pearl millet and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench), we tested mitochondrial genome response to RNAi-mediated suppression of Msh1 in both millet and sorghum. In derived transgenic millet and sorghum lines, evidence of mitochondrial substoichiometric shifting was observed. Cytoplasmic male sterility and several other plant phenotypes emerged in both monocot species. Some of the emerging mitochondrial DNA patterns resembled those already present in naturally occurring CMS millet and sorghum lines. Phenotypes of leaf variegation and altered stem development, including extremely elongated or stunted internodes, and enhanced tillering were observed in transgenic progeny. These experiments provide evidence that modulation of Msh1 can serve as an approach to induce novel CMS forms in crops or breed for other agronomic variation. This mitochondrial mutation system is also valuable for studying mitochondrialnuclear interactions and their regulation in plant developmental processes
Movement-oriented labour NGOs in South China: Exit with voice and displaced unionism
No full text Movement-oriented labour NGOs in China are groups committed to the advancement of workers’ collective interests in a way very similar to that of trade unions in other countries. As the gap between workers’ demands for collective bargaining and their lack of union representation widens, the role of movement-oriented labour NGOs has increased. These NGOs are led and driven by former workers who have a strong consciousness of workers’ rights and who fought in the workplace for their fellow workers’ interests as well as their own. The leadership shown by former workers significantly accounts for the behavioural patterns and strategic choices of movement-oriented labour NGOs. The study reported in this article uses two descriptive concepts to characterize the emergence and role of movement-oriented labour NGOs: exit with voice and displaced unionism. The former refers to the social process by which former workers become activists of movement-oriented labour NGOs, while the latter points to a grass-roots labour movement facilitated from outside the factory gates. This article argues that, while having performed a trade union-like role and promoted worker-led collective bargaining, movement-oriented labour NGOs embody a fundamental predicament of the Chinese labour movement, which is that organized labour activism in the Chinese workplace is largely prohibited. </jats:p
基于两阶段博弈模型的高铁民航竞合关系研究
No full textThis paper proposes a competition and cooperation relationship model between high-speed rail and air transport based on the two-stage game theory. Firstly, it builds a one dimensional evolutionary game model from the perspective of passengers to calculate the best competition range. Then, it builds a competition and cooperation relationship model between high-speed rail and air transport from the perspective of price based on Cournot game theory. Finally, it uses the Bertrand game theory to apply the model through a distance perspective, and discusses the competition and cooperation between high-speed rail and air transport in order to find a scientific strategy to achieve a win-win situation. The results show that a distance range of 650 km ∼ 850 km is the most intense competition area between air transport and high-speed rail. With the increase of transportation distance, the game strategy of air transport changes from cooperation to competition. On the contrary, the strategy of high-speed rail changes from competition to cooperation
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