46 research outputs found
Social and economic analysis of integrated building transportation energy system
No full textThe increasing greenhouse gas (CO2) emissions constitute one of the most significant global environmental issues. CO2 emissions from buildings and transportation are responsible for the largest proportion of total global carbon emissions from various sectors. Therefore it is necessary to utilize clean energy sources (e.g., renewable energy, energy storage systems, and electric vehicles) to decarbonize the building and transportation sectors. The integrated building transportation energy system (IBTES) is a system that combines the energy demands of buildings and transportation in an integrated manner. However, this integrated system has many issues in its practical applications, especially considering the social and economic aspects. A social and economic analysis of IBTES will consider the impacts on various stakeholders, including building owners and users, transportation users, energy suppliers, etc. This study will systematically summarize the current application and development status of IBTES from both social and economic perspectives. In terms of the social perspective, IBTES can improve energy efficiency and reduce CO2 emissions, which will have a positive impact on the environment and public health. From an economic perspective, IBTES has the potential to decrease the energy costs of buildings and transportation users. In addition, it has the potential to create new jobs in the energy and transportation sectors, and potentially attract new businesses and investments to a region. This study also summarizes several issues and challenges of IBTES, including the cost of implementing and maintaining the system, social acceptance, and inadequate related regulations. Based on this, the study proposes recommendations to effectively promote the implementation of IBTES. This study can provide some theoretical guidelines and suggestions for policymakers.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Design & Construction Managemen
The impact of natural disasters on dietary behaviors
No full textDisasters may have significant impacts on diet behaviors due to a lack of food resources, however, research on this field was rather limited. This study aims to explore the potential impact of disasters on individuals’ fruit and vegetable consumption. Findings of this study may be helpful for disaster preparation, nutrition assistance, and disaster management policy. Individual-level data (N= 351,229) from Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) 2011 survey were merged with county-level disaster declaration data from Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) based on disaster duration, interview month and residential county. Multilevel mixed-effects generalized linear models were conducted to examine the impact of different types of disasters on self-reported daily fruit, 100% pure fruit juice, beans, green vegetables, orange vegetables, other vegetables and overall vegetables consumption frequencies, adjusting for individual covariates. Statistical significance was considered if p value is less than 0.01. Flood was consistently found to alter the consumption frequency of vegetable subgroups among affected people. No strong associations between disasters and daily fruit and overall vegetable consumption frequency was identified at either nation or state levels. Disasters may influence adults aged 65 years and older disproportionately. This study has design and measurement limitations. More research with improved data collection is needed to add to the knowledge of effects of disasters on dietary behaviors.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2021-08-01The student, Mengmeng Ji, accepted the attached license on 2019-07-09 at 23:23.The student, Mengmeng Ji, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2019-07-09 at 23:33.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2019-07-11 at 11:21.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #14238 on 2019-11-26 at 13:05:18Made available in DSpace on 2019-11-26T20:49:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Parenting styles in relation to body weight and smoking and drinking in children and adolescents: a longitudinal twin study
No full textObjectives: Family provides an environmental and emotional context for children’s development and significantly influences children’s health across their life course. Given the prevalence of childhood obesity and deviant behaviors, parenting styles, which are potentially modifiable by interventions, have received increasing attention. However, the vast majority of the relevant research, so far, fails to account for the heritability of studied traits. This dissertation aims to estimate the role of paternal and maternal parenting effects and gene-environment interaction in developing obesity and alcohol and tobacco use in a genetically informative design.
Method: Data was retrieved from the first two waves of the German Twin Family Panel. Participants comprised three birth cohorts aged 5, 11, and 17 years, with approximately 500 pairs of same-sex monozygotic (MZ) twins and 500 pairs of same-sex dizygotic twins (DZ) per cohort. Self-reported parenting styles were measured in 5 dimensions: emotional warmth, psychological control, negative communication, monitoring, and inconsistent parenting. Outcome variables included children’s body mass index z-score (BMIz) and smoking and alcohol drinking frequency. The differencing method was used to examine the relationship between within-MZ-pair differences in parenting styles and health outcomes, controlling for genetic influences and other shared characteristics between twins. Gene-environment interaction models were used to explore how parenting styles might moderate genetic and environmental influences on BMI and smoking and drinking behaviors.
Results: This study found that when controlling for genetic, shared environmental effects, and body weight status at baseline, the twin who received harsher communication had lower BMI than their co-twin. Twins’ sex and age significantly moderated the effect of negative communication. Parenting was a significant moderator of genetic and environment effects on BMI at age 5, but no interaction effect was found for BMI at age 11 and 17. A positive interaction of genetic effects with two parenting dimensions (i.e., emotional warmth and psychological control) was found for BMI at age 5, indicating that genetic influences on BMI increased with maternal warmth and psychological control. Regarding adolescent smoking, a positive interaction between genetic effects and negative communication was found, indicating that genetic influences on smoking increased with negative communication. There were no significant moderating effects of parenting styles on adolescent drinking.
Conclusions: This study found some preliminary evidence that parenting styles moderate genetic and environmental impacts on body weight status and smoking and drinking. Significant moderation effects of parenting on BMI have been observed only at a very young age in this study. Adolescent smoking appears to be more strongly influenced by the moderating effects of parenting than does teenage drinking. These findings indicate that a developmental perspective should be adopted to understand how parental influences may vary across different ages and phenotypes. Although the current analyses leave many remaining questions, this study’s findings serve as an essential first attempt to unravel the complex interactions of genes and parenting in the development of obesity and smoking and drinking behaviors.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2023-08-01The student, Mengmeng Ji, accepted the attached license on 2021-07-13 at 14:03.The student, Mengmeng Ji, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2021-07-13 at 14:36.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2021-07-14 at 12:41.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #16910 on 2022-01-12 at 13:04:51Made available in DSpace on 2022-01-12T22:56:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Survivin Improves Reprogramming Efficiency of Human Neural Progenitors by Single Molecule OCT4
No full textInduced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have been generated from human somatic cells by ectopic expression of four Yamanaka factors. Here, we report that Survivin, an apoptosis inhibitor, can enhance iPS cells generation from human neural progenitor cells (NPCs) together with one factor OCT4 (1F-OCT4-Survivin). Compared with 1F-OCT4, Survivin accelerates the process of reprogramming from human NPCs. The neurocyte-originated induced pluripotent stem (NiPS) cells generated from 1F-OCT4-Survivin resemble human embryonic stem (hES) cells in morphology, surface markers, global gene expression profiling, and epigenetic status. Survivin keeps high expression in both iPS and ES cells. During the process of NiPS cell to neural cell differentiation, the expression of Survivin is rapidly decreased in protein level. The mechanism of Survivin promotion of reprogramming efficiency from NPCs may be associated with stabilization of β-catenin in WNT signaling pathway. This hypothesis is supported by experiments of RT-PCR, chromatin immune-precipitation, and Western blot in human ES cells. Our results showed overexpression of Survivin could improve the efficiency of reprogramming from NPCs to iPS cells by one factor OCT4 through stabilization of the key molecule, β-catenin
Vulnerable infants: Prediction and diagnosis of respiratory outcomes
No full textThe overall aim of my dissertation is to explore and develop prediction and diagnostic approaches to three health outcomes in vulnerable infants associated with respiratory system disorders: (i) Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia, the most common adverse outcome in premature infants, (ii) Childhood Asthma, the most common chronic condition among children, and (iii) Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, the third leading cause of death among all infants in the US.
Project 1: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a form of chronic lung disease that affects primarily premature newborns and infants. The objective of this project was to develop a clinical prediction model for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in a setting where non-invasive ventilation is the primary choice of ventilatory support. The goal was to have the ability to predict the risk of BPD at an early stage of life on days 1, 7, and 21 of postnatal age to determine which infants will benefit most from interventions that may reduce the risk of developing BPD (primary prevention) and its progression. Early administration of caffeine (within 48 hours), antenatal steroids, and maximum FiO2 levels were found to add significant predictive value to the adverse outcome of BPD and its severity. The c-statistics for the prediction model on day 1 was 0.9062, on day 7 was 0.9270, and on day 21 was 0.9434. This model reflects improvements/decisions in clinical treatment advances and may enable clinicians and parents to make more optimal decisions on prophylactic treatment options to prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia among infants.
Project 2: Childhood asthma is an enormous challenge for clinicians because it lacks standardized diagnostic criteria. An inflammatory biomarker could represent a critical factor in developing tools that reliably predict the development of asthma in young children in daily clinical practice. A systematic review and meta-analysis of existing literature were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of an airway inflammatory marker, serum eosinophil cationic protein, in diagnosing asthma among children up to 5 years of age. Although a definitive role for serum eosinophil cationic protein in the diagnosis of asthma in young children <5 years was not established in this study because of the small number of research articles, it may be a valuable biomarker if measured in a larger group of younger asthmatic patients, stratified by age at the critical time for lung development. A multicentric population-based prospective study with longer follow-up periods are necessary to confirm the role of serum eosinophil cationic protein in diagnosing childhood asthma among children less than 5 years of age.
Project 3: This project aimed to develop a SIDS risk scoring system to identify the cumulative effects of maternal, infant and environmental factors that may be predictive of SIDS risk. A risk scoring system ranging from 0-6 was developed based on the risk factors, maternal age, birth weight of the infant, exposure to passive, and the duration of breastfeeding. Factors making infants vulnerable to SIDS (low birth weight, young maternal age) in combination with the effect of exogenous stressors (passive smoking, breastfeeding) during the critical developmental period predicted the risk of SIDS in our model. The highest risk score of 6 had a sensitivity of 100% and a positive predictive value of 80.33%. For a cuff off criterion of score 1 and lower for low-risk, the calculated risk score had a specificity of 100% and a negative predictive value of 92.68%. Identifying infants at high risk of SIDS enables parents and clinicians to be more vigilant about how to possibly prevent these infant deaths. Furthermore, preventing SIDS in low-risk infants will also relieve some anxiety among parents.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2021-05-01The student, Mounika Polavarapu, accepted the attached license on 2019-04-10 at 13:55.The student, Mounika Polavarapu, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2019-04-10 at 14:04.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2019-04-12 at 13:44.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #13548 on 2019-08-22 at 16:20:59Made available in DSpace on 2019-08-23T20:44:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Socio-ecological influences on human activity: An epidemiological analysis of physical activity and sleep
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Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemLimited Restriction Lifted for Item 113057 on 2021-11-27T10:15:27Z."The main focus of my dissertation is to explore the influence of environmental determinants on physical activity and sleep. I examined the influence of green space on human activity with various research approaches: a systematic review, spatial analysis, and epidemiological analysis. In the first study, titled ""Green space exposure and sleep: Systematic review,"" I explored the literature related to green space and sleep regardless of study type. With a peer-researcher, I initially reviewed 5722 distinct journal articles from eight electronic databases, and then selected a total of 13 unique articles that were most relevant to my study. Out of 13 studies, there are seven cross-sectional studies that used either a questionnaire or the combination of GIS and remote sensing images for green space measurement, and mostly used questionnaire for both sleep quality and quantity measurement; while there are six intervention studies such as walking program, gardening, and forest working environment. The results indicate that most of the articles (n=11) supported the positive effect of green space exposure on improving both sleep quality and quantity. Therefore, the amount of green space exposure or green space-related health programs may mitigate population- and individual-level sleep problems.
In the second study, titled ""An examination of socio-environmental influences on health outcomes in Illinois: Spatial boundaries matter for community green space measurement"", I examine the impact of community green space and other socio-economic factors on physical activity. In this paper, I demonstrate that residence and administrative unit-based approaches are insufficient for studying health outcomes in spatial epidemiology because they do not adequately capture the place which is related to people's actual activity area. Moreover, appropriate usage of green space data sources is required to examine the real effect of environmental exposures. To address the uncertain geographic context problem, I conceptualized community green space to capture the area of actual activity with the consideration of the context of daily physical activity. Results from this study showed that the administrative unit-based spatial boundary was mismatched to actual human activity area, while the context-based spatial boundary accurately reflected the actual human activity area. Time-integrated green space, which can cover the temporal aspects of true green space exposure, was significantly associated with the higher level of physical activity, while maximum the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), which is the one-time measurement of the maximum level of vegetation in an area during a year, was not.
In the third study, titled “Socio-environmental determinants of physical activity and sleep across the US”, I explore the environmental effect of socio-environmental factors on sleep insufficiency and the absence of leisure-time physical activity. To establish the conceptual components for activity-related information, socioeconomic and health behavior variables from national survey data, aggregated at the city level (i.e., census place), was merged with various environmental data sets such as green space, noise, nighttime light, natural amenity, crime rate, food accessibility, and fitness facilities. Through exploratory factor analysis, results showed four factors from 12 of the exogenous variables were selected and categorized from the 29 initial variables. With the redesigned factors, I examine the significance of personal and environmental determinants for sleep and physical activity. In the analysis, I utilize the context-based spatial boundary, and also consider the bi-directional relationship between physical activity and sleep. As a result, the cities which had a better socioeconomic status and environment showed a lower risk of insufficient sleep and physical activity. To sum up, the findings illustrate the relationship among the environment and human activities, and this indicates that better environments can help mitigate the risk of insufficient sleep and lack of physical activity."Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2021-08-01The student, Jong Cheol Shin, accepted the attached license on 2019-07-08 at 10:34.The student, Jong Cheol Shin, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2019-07-08 at 10:42.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2019-07-08 at 16:01
Nutrition label use in college students: An examination of predictors, the impact of label placement, and the relationship between label use and dietary quality
No full textThis dissertation consists of six chapters assessing the prevalence, correlates, and dietary impact of label usage in college students. Chapter 1 provides a summary and overall of the theoretical basis for this work. Chapter 2 reviews predictors of nutrition label usage and estimates an overall prevalence of label usage in college students based on 16 studies. Here we report an overall nutrition label usage prevalence from pooling studies, and correlates of usage. Chapter 3 reviews the relationship between nutrition label use and dietary quality in 25 studies in college students, with a special focus on setting. We report on the impact of label presence or use by setting, dietary outcome, and by the type of labels used. Chapter 4 reports our empirical results of the impact of label location on label awareness and usage in a dining hall setting. Additionally, we also examined the most preferred pieces of nutrition information and reasons for label non-use. Chapter 5 focuses on the coding system we developed for analyzing food selection and intake using digital photography. We measured selection, servings, and consumption of food categories suggested by Dietary Guidelines for Americans within university students in a self-serve dining hall setting. We also report our inter- and intra-rater agreement. Chapter 6 uses the digital photography and coding system developed in Chapter 5 to assess the impact of nutrition label usage on diners' selection and consumption. We had the advantage of combining survey data with dietary intake data to assess the relationship between dietary intake and nutrition label usage. Here we report on how label users and non-users meals differed in terms of selection, servings, and consumption.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2018-08-01The student, Mary Christoph, accepted the attached license on 2016-07-06 at 15:02.The student, Mary Christoph, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2016-07-06 at 15:22.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2016-07-12 at 13:11.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #9786 on 2016-11-10 at 12:24:57Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-10T18:39:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 4
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Promoting the Application of Off-Site Construction in China’s Residential Building Industry from the Angle of Ecosystem
No full textOff-site construction (OSC) is an innovative construction method. However, OSC is not widely applied in residential buildings due to many barriers. Therefore, this paper aims to unravel this puzzle and interpret the slow development of OSC. The paper develops a new analytical lens based on the ecosystem concept. By deconstructing some ecosystem concepts, the paper conceptualizes China’s residential building industry ecosystem (RBI-ECO) and proposes three hypotheses. The results show that the current structure of RBI-ECO does not support OSC development. Firstly, the performance of different types of enterprises is imbalanced. Secondly, there is a lack of cooperation between enterprises except for daily communication of projects. Moral risks, competition, and a fragmented supply chain are the primary causes. These barriers in RBI-ECO limit the implementation of OSC. In order to promote the application of OSC, the government can implement mandatory policies and concrete measures, establish a designer-led mechanism, motivate enterprises to transform into comprehensive enterprises, and enhance learning and education for OSC enterprise managers
Adaptation to late-life spousal loss: An examination of longitudinal trajectories
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Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemAuthor requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemLimitedSpousal loss is one of the most devastating life events in late adulthood, and has substantial negative impact on the well-being of older adults. One impact of spousal loss is the disruption of self-narratives and world views, thus meaning making is an important task for bereaved individuals, and is associated with the development of adaptation. The primary purposes of this study were to respond to a heated debate regarding whether resilience (no change in functioning during adversity) is the most common response to adversity, and to describe trajectories of adaptation in the context of late-life spousal loss. Specifically, this study aimed to examine the influence of spousal loss on the process of aging, to identify person-centered trajectories on six dimensions of adaptation, particularly on two meaning-related dimensions, and to analyze the prevalence of resilience among widowed older adults.
The study used secondary data from 2011-2018 waves of the National Health & Aging Trends Study (NHATS). The NHATS is a nationally representative study of Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 and older living in the United States (n = 8,245). This study included 570 widowed participants who were initially married and lost a spousal during the study. Propensity score matching was conducted to select 464 pairs of widowed and non-widowed participants by matching their characteristics on seven areas including age, gender, race, education, mobility, physical health, and number of chronic illness. To operationalize the multidimensional nature of adaptation, six dimensions— life satisfaction, subjective age, depression, anxiety, positive affect, and negative affect—were examined simultaneously in this study.
Growth Mixture Model (GMM) was applied to identify heterogeneous adaptation trajectories. Specifically, an array of conditional GMM analyses with the predictor of spousal loss were conducted with the entire sample (464 pairs of widowed and non-widowed participants) to examine the impact of spousal loss on the memberships of trajectories of the six dimensions. Another array of unconditional GMM analyses were conducted only with the widowed subgroups (n=570) to estimate heterogeneous trajectories of the six dimensions. Lastly, logistic regressions were performed to estimate the influence of demographic factors on predicting the memberships of the trajectories among the widowed older adults.
Four key findings resulted. First, widowed older adults were more likely to be in the unfavorable trajectories (e.g. chronic high trajectory) than non-widowed participants with exceptions on life satisfaction and negative affect. Second, among widowed participants, two to three adaptation trajectories emerged for each of the six dimensions of adaptation, but resilient trajectory did not emerge on anxiety. Third, most participants (71% - 100%) exhibited resilience when examining the six dimensions individually. However, when examining the six dimensions collectively, the majority of participants (61%) exhibited resilience only on four dimensions of adaption, and no one was resilient across all six dimensions. Lastly, education was the only significant predictor of resilience.
This study suggests that spousal loss has a longitudinal negative impact on the well-being of older adults. Widowed older adults presented individual pathways on adapting to spousal loss; the majority of widowed older adults experienced challenges on at least two dimensions of adaption, and no individual was resilient across all six dimensions. Additionally, education was the only significant predictor of resilience. Future research is needed to uncover more dimensions of adaptation, examine the association of pre- and post-loss experiences, investigate the influences of special occasions on adaptation, and compare adaptation by age groups.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2022-05-01The student, Shuo Xu, accepted the attached license on 2020-04-28 at 11:03.The student, Shuo Xu, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2020-04-28 at 11:11.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2020-05-03 at 14:40.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #15099 on 2020-08-25 at 17:41:3
