1,371 research outputs found
Healing environment and urban health
No full textIn a very brief definition, urban health denotes the application of the public health concept and methods to urban processes and situations. The urban health approach looks at urban populations, systems, and environment through what has been called the “health prism” or “health lens”. In other words, it focuses on health (promotion), on disease (prevention), and on the numerous interrelations with urban factors. In a complementarily manner, for health professionals, who commonly think in health terms, urban health introduces “urban lens” whichreveals a plethora of innovative ways to tackle population health and sustainability of welfare systems.
Urban health exemplifies what the World Health Organisation (WHO) calls “Health in all policies”, a concept of health most strongly connected to societal sectors beyond traditional health care, i.e., housing, education, environment, economy. Therefore, urban health brings health professionals together with a range of other experts including city planners, architects, landscape designers, environmental engineers, and many others
A nonparametric random coefficient approach for life expectancy growth using a hierarchical mixture likelihood model with application to regional data from North Rhine-Westphalia (Germany)
Full text linkBackgroundLife expectancy is of increasing prime interest for a variety of reasons. In many countries, life expectancy is growing linearly, without any indication of reaching a limit. The state of North Rhine–Westphalia (NRW) in Germany with its 54 districts is considered here where the above mentioned growth in life expectancy is occurring as well. However, there is also empirical evidence that life expectancy is not growing linearly at the same level for different regions.MethodsTo explore this situation further a likelihood-based cluster analysis is suggested and performed. The modelling uses a nonparametric mixture approach for the latent random effect. Maximum likelihood estimates are determined by means of the EM algorithm and the number of components in the mixture model are found on the basis of the Bayesian Information Criterion. Regions are classified into the mixture components (clusters) using the maximum posterior allocation rule.ResultsFor the data analyzed here, 7 components are found with a spatial concentration of lower life expectancy levels in a centre of NRW, formerly an enormous conglomerate of heavy industry, still the most densely populated area with Gelsenkirchen having the lowest level of life expectancy growth for both genders. The paper offers some explanations for this fact including demographic and socio-economic sources.ConclusionsThis case study shows that life expectancy growth is widely linear, but it might occur on different levels
Self-Reinforcing Market Dominance
Full text linkAre initial competitive advantages self-reinforcing, so that markets exhibit an endogenous tendency to be dominated by only a few firms? Although this question is of great economic importance, no systematic empirical study has yet addressed it. Therefore, we examine experimentally whether firms with an initial cost advantage are more likely to invest in cost reductions than firms with higher initial costs. Wefind that the initial competitive advantages are indeed self-reinforcing, but subjects in the role of firms overinvest relative to the Nash equilibrium. However, the pattern of overinvestment even strengthens the tendency towards self-reinforcing cost advantages relative to the theoretical prediction. Further, as predicted by the Nash equilibrium, aggregate investment is not affected by the initial efficiency distribution. Finally, investment spillovers reduce investment, and investment is higher than the joint-profit maximizing benchmark for the case without spillovers and lower for the case with spillovers.Cost-reducing Investment, Asymmetric Oligopoly, Increasing Dominance, Experimental Study
Veranstaltungsprogramm (Zweiter Tag: Donnerstag, 18.11.2021)
No full textFehr R, Gatting S. Veranstaltungsprogramm (Zweiter Tag: Donnerstag, 18.11.2021). Presented at the 7. Konferenz „Stadt der Zukunft–Gesunde, nachhaltige Metropolen“
Nachhaltige StadtGesundheit im transdisziplinären Diskussionsprozess
No full textFehr R. Nachhaltige StadtGesundheit im transdisziplinären Diskussionsprozess. ARL-Kongress. 2021.Link zur Aufnahme: https://av.tib.eu/media/5398
Urban health / StadtGesundheit
No full textFehr R. Urban health / StadtGesundheit. Bundeszentrale für gesundheitliche Aufklärung (BZgA). Leitbegriffe der Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention. Glossar zu Konzepten, Strategien und Methoden. 2020.Ausgehend von einer integrativen (human-)ökologischen Perspektive versucht „StadtGesundheit“, Public Health-Theorie und -Praxis für die Gesundheit städtischer Bevölkerungen konkret anzuwenden. Zu den Schwerpunkten dieses anschaulichen Ansatzes gehören methodisch die Stadt-Epidemiologie und inhaltlich die Gestaltbarkeit urbaner Lebenswelten. Im Sinne von Transdiziplinarität lassen sich hier neue zivilgesellschaftliche Arbeitsformen entwickeln
Gesundheit im politischen Diskurs am Beispiel der Parlamentsdatenbank des Stadtstaates Hamburg
No full textFehr R, Gatting S, Kuhn J, Ritzinger S, Hornberg C. Gesundheit im politischen Diskurs am Beispiel der Parlamentsdatenbank des Stadtstaates Hamburg. In: Fehr R, Augustin J, eds. Nachhaltige StadtGesundheit Hamburg II. Edition nachhaltige Gesundheit in Stadt und Region. Vol 5. München: oekonom; 2022: 198-208
Quantum Cryptanalysis (Dagstuhl Seminar 13371)
No full textThis report documents the program and the outcomes of Dagstuhl Seminar 13371
"Quantum Cryptanalysis". In the first part, the motivation and organizational aspects of this meeting are outlined. Thereafter, abstracts for the presentations are provided (sorted alphabetically by last name of the presenter
Quantum Cryptanalysis (Dagstuhl Seminar 11381)
No full textThis report documents the program and the outcomes of Dagstuhl Seminar 11381 ``Quantum Cryptanalysis''. The first section gives an overview of the meeting, including organizational aspects. Subsequently abstracts of presentations at the meeting are provided (in alphabetical order)
On Science-Policy Interface—Results from Synthetic Analysis of Five EC-Funded Projects, Part I: “Assessment” Issues
No full textFehr R, Brand H. On Science-Policy Interface—Results from Synthetic Analysis of Five EC-Funded Projects, Part I: “Assessment” Issues. Epidemiology. 2009;20: S253
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