16 research outputs found

    How Does Belligerent Occupation End? Some Reflections on the Future of the Territories Occupied in the Russia-Ukraine Conflict

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    (Series Information) European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2023 8(2), 803-808 | European Forum Highlight of 28 November 2023 | (Abstract) This paper seeks to address the question of the future of the Ukrainian territories that have recently been or are currently being occupied by Russia primarily through the prism of relevant rules of international humanitarian law. After briefly recalling the conditions for the beginning of a belligerent occupation, the focus will be on the modalities for its termination, which will be examined and discussed with reference to the case of Ukraine

    L'art. 2 comune

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    International human rights law in the EU Global Human Rights Sanctions Regime

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    Il presente contributo si propone di esaminare il regime globale di sanzioni dell’Unione europea in materia di diritti umani nella prospettiva del diritto internazionale e, in particolare, verificare quale sia il ruolo delle norme internazionali sui diritti umani. L’articolo, infatti, intende rispondere alla seguente domanda: con il regime sanzionatorio in esame, l’Unione mira ad assicurare il rispetto delle norme internazionali in materia di diritti umani reagendo a presunte violazioni di tali norme da parte di Stati terzi o attori non statali o, piuttosto, ha voluto creare un nuovo strumento di politica estera che potesse influenzare la condotta di tali Stati/attori indipendentemente dalla presunta violazione di queste norme? La rilevanza della questione è evidente laddove si consideri il noto dibattito sulla conformità delle sanzioni unilaterali al diritto internazionale e, in particolare, le tesi che ne condizionano la liceità all’eventualità che queste siano qualificabili come ritorsioni o come contromisure lecite. Così, esaminando tanto gli atti che istituiscono il regime sanzionatorio in parola quanto le misure restrittive adottate finora, l’articolo stabilirà se tali misure possano essere considerate come reazioni a violazioni delle norme internazionali dei diritti umani e dunque, purché alcune altre condizioni siano soddisfatte, contromisure lecite.his article aims to examine the EU Global Human Rights Sanctions Regime from the perspective of international law and, in particular, assess the place of international human rights law therein. Indeed, it seeks to answer the following question: Is this regime meant and has it been used in practice as an instrument to enforce international human rights rules by reacting to their alleged violation or rather as a foreign policy tool aiming at influencing other States/actors conducts? The relevance of this question is evident in light of the general debate on whether unilateral sanctions are only lawful under international law insofar as they qualify as either retorsions or lawful countermeasures. Thus, by a thorough examination of the acts establishing the sanctions regime at hand, as well as the restrictive measures taken so far in its context, the article will determine whether said measures can be considered as reactions to violations of international human rights rules – hence, provided that all other relevant conditions are met, lawful countermeasures

    International Humanitarian Law, Gender, and Detention in Armed Conflict = Diritto internazionale umanitario, genere, e detenzione nei conflitti armati

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    This article aims to examine international humanitarian rules regulating the treatment of detainees with a view to determining whether they take or may be interpreted as taking various gender issues into account. After defining relevant terms and clarifying the rationale underlying the investigation, the article will, first, identify the few IHL treaty-based rules that expressly recognise the specific needs and circumstances of female detainees. Second, the research will show how certain IHL obligations may justify or even demand a gender-sensitive interpretation and application of other IHL rules concerning the treatment of detainees

    Il rilievo della Dichiarazione universale dei diritti umani nella definizione del diritto alla libertà e alla sicurezza personale

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    The right to liberty and security of person is enshrined in Article 3 of the Universal Declaration. The drafters clearly attached great importance to this right. Not only did they include it in one of the first provisions of the Declaration alongside the right to life, but they also decided to expressly prohibit arbitrary deprivations of liberty in a separate provision (Article 9). This chapter investigates the influence that the Universal Declaration has had on the development and interpretation of the numerous treaty-based rules that now establish the right(s) at hand, as well as on the (debated) emergence of relevant customary international rules, by focusing on the Declaration itself and its travaux préparatoires. The aim is to ascertain how the drafting of the Universal Declaration has influenced the definition of this right internationally and whether the definitional issues that emerged at the time still inform the current debate on personal liberty and security
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