1,721,064 research outputs found
Health of immigrants in Italy: increasing evidences and forgotten issues in the epidemiological research
No full textMortality associated to atrial fibrillation still on the rise: United States, 1999 to 2014
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Occupational exposure to vinyl chloride and liver diseases
Full text linkPortal hypertension, liver fibrosis, and angiosarcoma of the liver (ASL) have been
reported among workers exposed to vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) since the
1970s. In 2007, the International Agency for Research on Cancer established the
association of VCM with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), though only on the
basis of the few cases available. Thereafter, recent reports from the United States
cohort and a European sub-cohort of vinyl chloride workers provided compelling
evidence of a strong association between cumulative VCM exposure and HCC
risk. Further areas of research include the risk of liver cancer at lower levels of
exposure and different patterns of risk of ASL and HCC with the time since
exposure. The evidence of interaction between VCM exposure and other known
liver carcinogens such as alcohol and chronic viral infection provides clues for the
health surveillance of exposed workers. Notably, also the risk of VCM-associated
chronic liver disease is modulated by alcohol consumption, viral infection, and
genetic polymorphism. A counter-intuitive finding from cohort studies of
exposed workers is the lower mortality from liver cirrhosis with respect to the
general population; this can be attributed to the healthy worker effect and to the
selection of liver cancer as the cause of death in the presence of concomitant
chronic liver disease. Studies designed to overcome these intricacies confirmed an
association between cumulative VCM exposure and the risk of liver cirrhosis
Occupational exposure to vinyl chloride and liver diseases
No full textPortal hypertension, liver fibrosis, and angiosarcoma of the liver (ASL) have been reported among workers exposed to vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) since the 1970s. In 2007, the International Agency for Research on Cancer established the association of VCM with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), though only on the basis of the few cases available. Thereafter, recent reports from the United States cohort and a European sub-cohort of vinyl chloride workers provided compelling evidence of a strong association between cumulative VCM exposure and HCC risk. Further areas of research include the risk of liver cancer at lower levels of exposure and different patterns of risk of ASL and HCC with the time since exposure. The evidence of interaction between VCM exposure and other known liver carcinogens such as alcohol and chronic viral infection provides clues for the health surveillance of exposed workers. Notably, also the risk of VCM-associated chronic liver disease is modulated by alcohol consumption, viral infection, and genetic polymorphism. A counter-intuitive finding from cohort studies of exposed workers is the lower mortality from liver cirrhosis with respect to the general population; this can be attributed to the healthy worker effect and to the selection of liver cancer as the cause of death in the presence of concomitant chronic liver disease. Studies designed to overcome these intricacies confirmed an association between cumulative VCM exposure and the risk of liver cirrhosis
COPD-Related Mortality and Co-morbidities in Northeastern Italy, 2008-2012: A Multiple Causes of Death Analysis
No full textIntroduction: Analysis of COPD mortality based only on the underlying cause of death (UCOD) derived from death certificates underestimates disease burden. We analyzed the burden of COPD, as well as the pattern of reporting COPD and its co-morbidities in death certificates, using multiple-cause of death (MCOD) records.Methods: All 220,281 death certificates of decedents aged ≥40 years in the Veneto region (northeastern Italy) were analyzed through 2008-2012. The UCOD was selected by the Automated Classification of Medical Entities software. COPD was defined by ICD-10 codes J40-J44 and J47 based either on the UCOD or on any mention of COPD in death certificates (MCOD). Annual age-standardized COPD death rates were computed for 40-85 year-old subjects.Results: COPD was mentioned in 7.9% (and selected as the UCOD in 2.7%) of death certificates. In about half of these, COPD was mentioned in Part II only. After circulatory and neoplastic diseases, the most frequent chronic diseases reported in certificates with any mention of COPD were diabetes (15.2%) and dementia/Alzheimer (8.9%). Between 2008 and 2012, age-standardized death rates (/100,000/year) decreased from 39.8 to 34.0 in males and from 12.7 to 11.3 in females in the UCOD analyses. These trends were confirmed, although figures were three times greater, in the MCOD analyses.Conclusions: MCOD analysis should be adopted to fully evaluate the burden of COPD-related mortality. Our findings support a decreasing trend in COPD-related mortality in northeastern Italy between 2008 and 2012, in line with other recent studies in Europe and beyond
Sepsis-related mortality: long-term trends in Northeastern Italy, including pandemic years
No full textBackground: Global estimates of sepsis mortality are based on multiple causes of death (MCOD, any mention of the condition on death certificates); however, MCOD data are sparse and mainly referring to the pre-pandemic period. Objectives: To investigate recent trends in sepsis-related mortality, associated sites of infection, and comorbidities in Veneto (Northeastern Italy). Methods: Mortality records from 2008 to 2022 were extracted, and sepsis-related mortality was assessed based both on the underlying cause of death (UCOD) and on MCOD. The average annual percent change in age-standardised rates was estimated by join point regression through the whole study period. MCOD records were investigated to retrieve infection sites and comorbidities. Results: Sepsis was mentioned in 63,479 death certificates, growing from 4.9% out of all deaths in 2008 to 12.9% in 2022. Age-standardised mortality rates increased yearly by 8.2% (95%CI 2.1-14.7%) based on the UCOD and by 5.9% (95%CI 5.3-6.5%) based on MCOD. Sharp peaks in monthly mortality were observed in correspondence with flu epidemics, COVID-19 pandemic waves, and periods of extreme heat. The percentage of sepsis-related deaths associated to urinary tract infections, and with mention of neurodegenerative disorders and chronic kidney disease increased over time. Conclusion: Raised awareness of physicians, ageing of the population, spread of antimicrobial resistance further fuelled by the COVID-19 pandemic are among reasons of increasing sepsis-related mortality in Italy. Continuous monitoring of sepsis by means of MCOD data and other surveillance tools is warranted
Yellow fever vaccine 17D administered to healthy women aged between 40 and 54 years halves breast cancer risk: an observational study
No full textTranscripts of human endogenous retrovirus K are expressed in most breast cancers (BCs). Yellow fever vaccine 17D (YFV) expresses a protein with a closely homologous epitope. Cross-reactive immunity could hypothetically inhibit BC growth at least in women aged around 50 years at diagnosis, in whom the prognosis of BC was found to be better than that in women younger or older. A cohort of 12 804 women who received YFV in the Veneto Region, Italy, was divided into two subcohorts according to age at vaccination and followed up through the Veneto Tumor Registry. The time since vaccination until cancer incidence was categorized (≤1.9; 2-3.9; 4-5.9; 6-7.9; 8-10.9; ≥11 years) and, using the lowest class as a reference, the incidence rate ratio for BC with a 95% confidence interval and P-value was estimated by Poisson regression in each time since vaccination class, adjusting for age and calendar period. In 3140 women vaccinated at 40-54 years of age, YFV administration resulted in a protective effect of long duration slowly fading over time with a U-shaped pattern of response. Overall, BC risk was reduced by about 50% (incidence rate ratio=0.46; 95% confidence interval=0.26-0.83; P=0.009) 2 years after vaccination. Cross-reactive antigens could not be the mechanism because no protection was observed in women vaccinated before 40 or after 54 years of age. BC cells in a microscopic stage of disease can be destroyed or severely damaged by YFV if BC is not very aggressive. To prove that treatment is truly effective, a placebo-controlled double-blind trial should be conducted.This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal
Contemporary Burden of Atrial Fibrillation and Associated Mortality in Northeastern Italy
No full textIncreasing Parkinson's disease related mortality through the pandemic and beyond: An update
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