81 research outputs found
Molecular dynamics studies of the structure–dynamics relationship in concentrated nonaqueous electrolytic solutions
No full textEnergy storage is essential for maintaining power grid stability while integrating diverse sources of energy, e.g., nuclear, renewable, and others. Such diversity of sources is essential for energy security. The solution phase of electrolytes provides the medium for ionic charge transport between the electrodes of electrochemical systems used in energy storage. The chemically-specific equilibrium spatial distribution of ionic species in electrolytic solutions, and the chemical equilibrium that exists between dissociated and associated charged entities are the main challenging factors contributing to the lack of a universal description for electrolytes properties in terms of microscopic molecular properties, and we need a system (or class of systems)-specific collective descriptors through which we can understand and guide the design of liquid electrolytes with desirable properties. Understanding the physical and electrochemical rate processes occurring in the bulk of concentrated nonaqueous electrolytic solutions is a major step towards the control and design of electrochemical systems, e.g., nonaqueous redox flow batteries which are indispensable part of a sustainable power grid . Herein, a combination of computational molecular dynamics carried by myself, Hossam Farag, and conductance measurements and experimental SAXS provided by our collaborators (Dr. Ilya Shkrob, Dr. Tao Li, Dr. Susan Odom, and Lily Robertson), is used to probe the dynamics of nonaqueous electrolytic solutions as a varying function of the battery state of charge (SOC) and the electrolyte concentration.
Two solutions were compared: one containing metal cation electrolyte prone to form rigid hetero-charge network, and the other containing phenothiazine organic catholyte preferring softer homo-radical stacking. For the latter, conductivity data show that a faster charge transport is present at high electrolyte concentrations. This difference in behavior becomes less pronounced as the concentration is lowered and absent in the dilute limit. Our findings indicate enhanced dynamics in terms of bulk ionic conductivity driven by a softer medium-range emergent homo-radical stacking structure as revealed by the MD simulations results.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2022-12-01The student, Hossam Farag, accepted the attached license on 2020-12-11 at 16:25.The student, Hossam Farag, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2020-12-11 at 16:36.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2020-12-14 at 08:42.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #16124 on 2022-01-12 at 13:02:48Made available in DSpace on 2022-01-12T22:51:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5
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IoT-Based Crowd Management Framework for Departure Control and Navigation
No full textThis paper exploits crowdsensing to propose a novel IoT-Based Vehicle Crowd Management (IoT-VCM) framework. By efficiently managing vehicle departures and navigation, the IoT-VCM clears the network in a shorter time, while maintaining the network at low congestion levels to reduce the average travel time. To compromise between these conflicting objectives, the proposed system encompasses two subsystems that work in harmony, namely; the Travel-Time System-Optimum Navigation (TTSON) and the Vehicle Departure Control (VDC). The IoT-VCM uses different network sensory devices (connected vehicles and smartphones) to collect network information that is fused to compute the current road state conditions, based on which, the VDC determines the allowable vehicle departure rates, and the TTSON optimizes their navigation. The proposed system is developed in a microscopic traffic simulator and tested on a calibrated simulated real network. The IoT-VCM controller is compared to the state-of-the-art techniques reported in the literature, namely the dynamic time-dependent incremental user-optimum traffic assignment.Manuscript received March 6, 2020; revised October 6, 2020; accepted December 7, 2020. Date of publication December 31, 2020; date of current version February 12, 2021. This work was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) under Grant RGPIN-2019-05667. The review of this article was coordinated by Prof. Jian Weng. (Corresponding author: Ahmed Elbery.) Ahmed Elbery and Hossam S. Hassanein are with the School of Computing, Queen's University, Ontario, Kingston K7L 3N6, Canada (e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]).Scopu
On-site wind powered hydrogen refuelling stations: From national level to a case study in Germany
No full textHydrogen refueling stations are an important part of the infrastructural development that should be developed in order to realize a 100% sustainable economy for the future. Most of the refueling stations are located within urban areas but there are many located outside urban areas or in remote areas. Hydrogen could either be transported to these sites or being locally produced with integrated sustainable energy systems. In this study the potential number for wind powered hydrogen refueling stations using GIS is determined. Furthermore the amount of hydrogen that could be produced and used is determined via energy system simulation. Finally the hydrogen production and dispensing costs are calculated.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Energy Technolog
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KC 4.4 Building Multi-cultural Understanding Through Translation and Dialogue: Languages and terminologies for ICOMOS IFLA ISCCL Rural Landscapes Principles
No full textRafaella Laviscio, Architect, Phd, adjunct professor at Politecnico di Milano (Italy) where she carries out research on the issues of protection and enhancement of cultural heritage and landscape in the context of national and international research programs. She is member of ICOMOS Italia and ISCCL and responsible for the scientific and organizational secretariat of the "World Rural Landscape Initiative". She is expert member of several Landscape Commission in Milan metropolitan area. She has participated in national and international conferences on the theme of cultural heritage and landscape. She is author of publications on the issues of knowledge and evaluation of cultural heritage.
Hossam Mahdy is an Egyptian and British conservation architect. Acquired PhD from Glasgow University, MSc from University of Louvain and BSc from Ain Shams University. His work focuses on Islamic views on the conservation of cultural heritage, Arabic terminology of conservation, and the translation of conservation literature from English into Arabic. He is an advisor to ICOMOS Secretariat on World Heritage and a consultant to EAMENA Project at Oxford University on Arabic heritage terminology and translations. Hossam is a member of ICOMOS-UK and ICOMOS-CIAV. He worked extensively on the study and conservation of vernacular built heritage in the Arab region.
Haeedeh Laleh is professor of Islamic archaeology at the Department of Archaeology, founderand head of the Bioarchaoelogy Laboratory, Central Library: University of Tehran. She is currently vice president for the Middle East region of the ICOMOS/IFLA International Scientific Committee on Cultural Landscapes (ISCCL), and board member of Iran National committee of ICOMOS.The spread and put in action of the Principles’ text in the national context require, first of all, the translation of the original English version. It is not automatic and requires different considerations and challenges (as linguistic and cultural). For instance, some English terms have no known equivalent Arabic terms (such as landscape, vernacular and integrity), other terms have different equivalents used by different individuals or institutions, others (as bio-cultural diversity, conservation, heritage, sustainable development) require some specifications due to differences in worldview and value systems in the different national contexts (and according to different disciplinary sectors in the same national context). The Knowledge Cafe would encourage a multi-cultural discussion on building shared understanding of the issues and challenges regarding the translation and terminology. It will be organized as follows: Raffaella Laviscio will briefly introduce the topic and present, as responsible for the Italian translation, the challenges that arise from this particular context such as the need for a multidisciplinary approach (as required by the principles’ text) that clashes in Italy with a certain sectoriality of competences concerning rural landscape. Hossam Mahdy and Khalid El Harrouni, responsible for the Arabic translation, reflect on the challenges concerning Arabic terms for conservation-related concepts, methods and actions due to differences in worldview and value systems between traditional Arabic-speaking communities and modern Western/Westernized worldviews and value systems. Haeedeh Lahed and Gity Homa Irani Behbahani give some notes concerning the Middle East and the Iranian World. Li Xie and Hang Lu join the discussion by reflections concerning Chinese translation of the Principles’ Text. The open discussion will be guided by some questions: how do different contexts define and interpret words like landscape, rural landscape, heritage and so on? what is the scope of the Principles’ text that the different national socio-economic conditions define? what are the links with other sectors, policies and emerging themes in the national contexts that must necessarily be highlighted? The goal will be to gather as many diverse suggestions from around the globe on which key words may need to have local linguistic interpretations so that the text can be interpreted most appropriately for local use and to the further revision and implementation of the Principles' text on a world scale
The ILC Guide to Practice on Reservations to Treaties Put to the Test in the Hossam Ezzat Case Before the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights
No full textIn 2011 the International Law Commission adopted the Guide to Practice on Reservations to Treaties (Guide on Reservations) to clarify and develop the regime concerning reservations under the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. The report of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (African Commission) in the Hossam Ezzat case provides an occasion for reflecting on the usefulness of the Guide with regard to some problems having a bearing on human rights treaties. In the report, the “Sharia reservation” formulated by Egypt to Article 8 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights enshrining religious freedom was at stake. The author argues that weaknesses of the Guide on Reservations underlie certain shortcomings of the reasoning of the African Commission. In particular, as the Guide on Reservations does not specify whether vague or general reservations are permissible, the African Commission considered the Egyptian reservation to be merely problematic. In order to determine the scope of the reservation, the African Commission artificially resorted to a “reservations dialogue”, as introduced in an Annex to the Guide on Reservations. Ambiguities in the guidelines relating to reservations to provisions concerning rights from which no derogation is permissible and to treaties containing interdependent rights and obligations may explain why the African Commission did not follow them
Drivers of Environmental Degradation in Turkey: Designing an SDG Framework Through Advanced Quantile Approaches
No full textTurkey is a laggard in terms of the achievement of its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and one of the primary issues it faces is environmental deterioration. Therefore, a policy-level reorientation may be needed to address this relevant issue. From this standpoint, this research assesses the impact of renewable energy (RE) use and financial development on the emissions of CO2 as well as the role of urbanization and agriculture, utilizing a dataset stretching between 1985 and 2019. By applying the innovative quantile-on-quantile regression (QQR) and non-parametric Granger causality in quantiles techniques, the study assesses the ways in which the quantiles of the independent variables affect the quantiles of CO2 emissions. The outcomes from the QQR show that in all quantiles, financial development, economic growth, urbanization, and agriculture impact CO2 emissions positively, while in the middle quantiles, the influence of renewable energy use on CO2 is negative. Furthermore, the outcomes from the non-parametric Granger causality test disclosed that in mean and variance, all the variables could predict CO2 emissions at different quantiles. A complete SDG-oriented policy framework has been proposed based on the research's findings so that Turkey may move toward reaching its SDG 13 and SDG 7 targets. © 2022 The Author(s).The author (Hossam M. Zawbaa) thanks the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and Enterprise Ireland for their support under the Marie Sk-odowska-Curie grant agreement No. 847402. The authors thank the support of the National Research and Development Agency of Chile (ANID), ANID/Fondap/15110019
Home energy management system considering effective demand response strategies and uncertainties
No full textNowadays, load serving entities require more active participation from consumers. In this context, demand response programs and home energy management systems play a crucial role in achieving multiple goals such as peak clipping. However, the adoption of demand response initiatives typically has a negative impact on the monetary expenditures of the users. This way, a demand response program should be as effective as possible to make the different goals more easily achievable without compromising the financial requirements of the users. This paper develops a home energy management system that incorporates three novel effective demand response strategies. The effectiveness of the adopted demand response strategies is checked through extensive simulations in a benchmark prosumer environment. To this end, a novel scenario-based approach is developed in order to manage uncertainties. The introduced strategies are compared with other well-known demand response mechanisms. To that end, a novel comparative index, which serves to evaluate the compromise between demand response achievements and energy bills, is introduced. Results obtained demonstrate that the developed strategies are more effective than other approaches. In fact, through the use of the proposed mechanisms, different indicators can be improved until 70%, while the electricity bill is only scarcely increased (0.11€). Other relevant aspects like the influence of the storage capacity and computational performance of the introduced optimization framework are also analysed.The author (Hossam M. Zawbaa) thanks the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and Enterprise Ireland for their support under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 847402
Bitrate adaptation-aware cache partitioning for video streaming over Information-centric Networks
No full textRecent studies suggest that performance gains for content delivery over Information-centric Networks (ICNs) may be negated by Dynamic Adaptive Streaming (DAS), the de facto method for retrieval of multimedia content. The bitrate adaptation mechanism that drives video streaming appears to clash with generic ICN caching techniques in ways that affect users' Quality of Experience (QoE). Cache performance diminishes as video consumers dynamically select content encoded at different bitrates. Motivated by preliminary evidence suggesting the merits of bitrate-based cache partitioning, we introduce a scheme to dissect the cache capacity of routers along a forwarding path according to dedicated bitrates. To facilitate this partitioning, we propose a guiding principle RippleCache, which stabilizes bandwidth fluctuation while achieving high cache utilization by safeguarding high-bitrate content on the edge and pushing low-bitrate content into the network core. We further propose a cache placement scheme, RippleFinder, to realize this RippleCache principle and highlight its impact on users' QoE by cache partitioning. The performance gains are reinforced by evaluations in NS-3. Measurements show RippleFinder can significantly reduce bitrate oscillation, while ensuring high video quality, indicating overall improvement to QoE
The Dynamic Impact of Biomass and Natural Resources on Ecological Footprint in BRICS Economies: A Quantile Regression Evidence
No full textMany emerging economies, including the BRICS economies, are having difficulty meeting the Sustainable Development Goals’ (SDGs) objectives. Consequently, this research discusses the creation of an SDG framework for the BRICS economies, which can be utilized as a model for other blocs. To achieve this purpose, this research probes into the effect of biomass energy usage on ecological footprint in the BRICS economies between 1992 and 2018, considering the roles of gross capital formation, natural resources, and globalization. The novel Methods of Moments-Quantile-Regression (MMQR) approach with fixed effects is used, the outcomes of which reveal that in all quantiles (10th to 90th), globalization and biomass energy use mitigate environmental degradation, whereas economic growth, natural resources, and gross capital formation contribute to environmental degradation. The present research applied a series of techniques such as panel FMOLS, and DOLS, FE-OLS, the outcomes of which disclosed that globalization and biomass energy utilization help mitigate environmental degradation, while economic growth, natural resources, and gross capital formation improve environmental degradation. On the basis of the study's findings, we suggest a shift in energy policies away from fossil fuels toward renewable energy alternatives by taking measures regarding the innovation of biomass to improve conversion efficiency. © 2022 The Author(s).The author (Hossam M. Zawbaa) thanks the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and Enterprise Ireland for their support under the Marie Sk-odowska-Curie grant agreement No. 847402. The authors thank the support of the National Research and Development Agency of Chile (ANID), ANID/Fondap/15110019
Adapting authoritarianism: institutions and co-optation in Egypt and Syria
No full textThis PhD thesis compares Egypt and Syria’s authoritarian political systems. While the tendency in social science political research treats Egypt and Syria as similarly authoritarian, this research emphasizes differences between the two systems with special reference to institutions and co-optation. Rather than reducibly understanding Egypt and Syria as sharing similar histories, institutional arrangements, or ascribing to the oft-repeated convention that “Syria is Egypt but 10 years behind,” this thesis focuses on how events and individual histories shaped each states current institutional strengthens and weaknesses. Specifically, it explains the how varying institutional politicization or de-politicization affects each state’s capabilities for co-opting elite and non-elite individuals.
Beginning with a theoretical framework that considers the limited utility of democratization and transition theoretical approaches, the work underscores the persistence and durability of authoritarianism. Chapter two details the politicized institutional divergence between Egypt and Syria that began in the 1970s. Chapter three and four examines how institutional politicization or de-politicization affects elite and non-elite individual co-optation in Egypt and Syria. Chapter five discusses the study’s general conclusions and theoretical implications.
This thesis’s argument is that Egypt and Syria co-opt elites and non-elites differently because of the varying degrees of institutional politicization in each governance system. Rather than view one country as more politically developed than the other, this work argues that Syria’s political institutions are more politicized than their Egyptian counterparts. Syria’s political arena is, thus, described as politicized-patrimonialism. Syria’s politicized-patrimonial arena produces uneven co-optation of elites and non-elites as they are diffused through competing institutions. Conversely, the Egyptian political arena remains highly personalized as weak institutions and individuals are manipulated and molded according to the president’s ruling clique. This is referred to as personalized-patrimonialism. As a consequence, Egypt’s political establishment demonstrates more flexibility in ad hoc altering and adapting its arena depending on the emergence of crises.
This study’s theoretical implications suggest that, contrary to modernization and democratization theory’s adage that institutions lead to a political development, politicized institutions within a patrimonial order actually hinder regime adaptation because consensus is harder to achieve and maintain. It is within this context that Egypt’s de-politicized institutional framework advantages its top political elite. In this reading of Egyptian and Syrian politics, Egypt’s personalized political arena is more adaptable than Syria’s. These conclusions do not indicate that political reform is a process underway in either state
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