1,721,079 research outputs found
Sirtuin 6 nuclear localization at cortical brain level of young diabetic mice: An immunohistochemical study
No full textA study was conducted to assess the physiopathological significance of sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) at the brain cortical level. We analyzed the specific expression and subcellular localization of SIRT6 in young db/. db mice, an experimental animal model of type II Diabetes mellitus. We analyzed the cytoarchitecture of the brain cortex, evaluated SIRT6 expression and its localization by immunohistochemistry comparing db/. db mice to lean control mice, examining the six cortical layers and the motor and somatosensory cortex. Finally, we calculated a SIRT6 labeling index. We observed the absence of significant morphological differences between lean and db/. db mice, indicating that young db/. db mice showed a neuronal morphology and distribution similar to that of lean mice and also normal brain tissue architecture with intact cortical layers. Moreover, sirtuin 6 is mainly localized in the nucleus of both lean and db/. db mice. In particular, the db/. db mice showed few positive cells compared to lean control mice in all cortical layers. We found a lower sirtuin 6 labeling index without significant differences between the motor and somatosensory cortex.Our findings contribute to further understanding the sirtuin 6 immunohistochemical changes in the early stages of type II Diabetes mellitus and propose its possible implication in the pathogenic processes associated with Diabetes mellitus and diabetes-induced neurodegeneration
Biomaterials in maxillofacial surgery: membranes and grafts
No full textToday, significant differences in the use of biomaterials (membranes and grafts) of animal or synthetic origin have yet to be reported. Nevertheless, some evidences suggest that synthetic materials have a lower risk of disease transmission. This review aims to assess the available informations on regenerative bone technique using reasorbable membranes and bone grafts. In particular, biocompatibility, immunological response, tissue reaction, reabsorption time and histological features of materials daily use in dentistry and in maxillofacial surgery were emphasized
How We Can Change Clinical Practice Using Antioxidant Molecules?
No full textThe collection of studies in this Special Issue, “The Role of Antioxidant Molecules and Melatonin in Cellular Protection”, published in Antioxidants (accessed on 30 April 2021; https://www.mdpi.com/journal/antioxidants/special_issues/antioxidant_melatonin), would prefer to highlight the current knowledge and presents new contributions on oxidative stress-dependent signaling pathways in various pathophysiological conditions as well as new antioxidant strategies to prevent/treat the pathological status. This Special Issue comprises 5 research studies and 9 review articles providing important contributions to the Special Issue topic by distinguished experts
Impact of melatonin on skeletal muscle and exercise
Full text linkSkeletal muscle disorders are dramatically increasing with human aging with enormous
sanitary costs and impact on the quality of life. Preventive and therapeutic tools to limit the onset and
progression of muscle frailty include nutrition and physical training. Melatonin, the indole
produced at nighttime in the pineal and extra-pineal sites in mammalians, has recognized anti-aging,
anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant properties. Mitochondria are the favorite target of melatonin,
which maintains them efficiently, scavenging free radicals and reducing oxidative damage. Here,
we discuss the most recent evidence of dietary melatonin efficacy in age-related skeletal muscle
disorders in cellular, preclinical, and clinical studies. Furthermore, we analyze the emerging impact
of melatonin on physical activity. Finally, we consider the newest evidence of the gut–muscle axis
and the influence of exercise and probably melatonin on the microbiota. In our opinion, this review
reinforces the relevance of melatonin as a safe nutraceutical that limits skeletal muscle frailty and
prolongs physical performance
Endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell dysfunction mediated by cyclophylin A and the atheroprotective effects of melatonin
No full textAIMS: This study evaluated the role of cyclophilin A (CyPA) in early phase of atherosclerosis and also examined the atheroprotective effects of melatonin due to its antioxidant properties.
MAIN METHODS: APOE null mice at 6 and 15weeks of age were treated with melatonin at a dose of 0.1mg/kg/day or 10mg/kg/day. We evaluated both histopathological alterations in endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells by CyPA and rolling mononuclear cell expression during the early phase of atherosclerosis development.
KEY FINDINGS: Our study showed that CyPA expression increases and may modulate inflammatory cell adhesion and interleukin-6 expression inducing vascular smooth muscle cell migration and inflammatory cell extravasation in a time-dependent manner. Moreover, we observed an indirect atheroprotective effect of melatonin on vascular injury; it inhibited CyPA mediated inflammatory cell extravasation and oxidative stress.
SIGNIFICANCE: The melatonin treatment may represent a new atheroprotective approach that contributes to reducing the early phase of atherosclerosis involving the rolling of monocytes, their passage to subendothelial space and inhibition of CyPA expression
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