1,721,189 research outputs found
Overall and peripheral ratings of perceived exertion during a graded exercise test to volitional exhaustion in individuals of high and low fitness
No full textThis study assessed the relationship between differentiated ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and heart rate with oxygen uptake (VO2) during two graded exercise tests (GXT) to exhaustion on a cycle ergometer in 49 men and women (19-50 years) of high and low fitness. The study also assessed whether sub-maximal RPE values elicited during the GXTs could provide appropriate estimates of maximal aerobic power (VO2max) Peripheral RPE (RPEP) was higher than overall RPE (RPEO) at exhaustion in both groups (P<0.001), but the reliability of the terminal RPEO was higher (0.75 and 0.40, respectively). Fitness did not moderate the relationship of RPEO and RPEP with VO2 during the GXTs (P>0.05). However, the correlation for RPEP and VO2 was higher for women compared to men (0.98 and 0.96, respectively, P<0.05), although this is of little practical significance. In both groups, RPEO was almost as highly correlated with VO2 as heart rate during GXTs terminated at exhaustion (approximately 0.955-0.980). There were no differences between predicted and measured VO2max when VO2 values were extrapolated from sub-maximal RPEO (13, 15 and 17) intensities (42.1+/-12.5, 43.4+/-11.5, 44.2+/-11.3 and 43.3+/-10.0 ml kg(-1) min(-1), respectively). However, VO2max predicted from sub-maximal RPEP intensities was significantly lower (P<0.05). In conclusion, terminal RPEO was a more reliable measure of the RPE, and provided more accurate estimates of VO2max in healthy participants of high and low fitness when elicited from sub-maximal exercise intensities
HIIT or miss: is high-intensity interval training (HIIT) the way forward for obese children?
No full textPerceived exertion research in the 21st century: developments, reflections and questions for the future
No full textThe ratings of perceived exertion are a widely accepted measure of quantifying, monitoring and regulating exercise intensity. A critical review of the perceived exertion literature since 2000 provides a useful insight into the concepts and themes that have featured prominently in the literature. In this regard, five main themes of enquiry concerning perceived exertion have emerged. These include child-specific rating scales, pictorial scales for adults, self-regulation and the efficacy of using the RPE for predicting maximal oxygen uptake, observations that the RPE scales with time or distance remaining in open-and closed-loop exercise tasks, and the influence of carbohydrate and caffeine ingestion on the ratings of perceived exertion. We pro-vide a critical review of these developments and reflect on their relative contributions to knowledge, their potential practical applications and the questions which remain for future research on perceived exertion in adults and children
The effect of estimation and production procedures on running economy in recreational athletes
No full textObjectivesRunning economy is an important component in any endurance event. However, the influence of effort perception on running economy has yet to be examined.DesignThe purpose of this study was to assess the oxygen cost of running (running economy) at identical ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) during estimation (EST) and production (PR) procedures, during treadmill exercise.MethodsFourteen, well-trained male participants actively produced (self-regulated) a range of submaximal exercise intensities equating to RPE values 9, 11, 13, 15 and 17, and passively estimated their perception of exertion during an incremental graded-exercise test (GXT). Allometric scaling was used to ensure an appropriate comparison in running economy between conditions.ResultsThe present study demonstrated that the overall running economy between conditions was statistically similar (p > 0.05). A significant interaction was however identified between Conditions and RPE (p < 0.001). The interaction revealed that running economy significantly improved during PR but remained fairly consistent during EST between moderate and high perceptions of exertion (RPE 11–17). Despite similarities in running economy between conditions, physiological (oxygen uptake, heart rate, minute ventilation and blood lactate) and physical (running velocity) markers of exercise intensity were significantly higher during EST for equivalent perceptions of exertion (all p < 0.05).ConclusionsPassive estimation procedures may improve running economy and enhance athletic performance when compared to identical perceptions of exertion elicited during active production procedures. Athletes, coaches and physical trainers should consider the perceptual procedures utilised during training to ensure that an athlete trains at the most effective training intensity
Arterial stiffness and wave reflection responses following heavy and moderate load resistance training protocols
No full textVertical perception following stroke: a survey of rehabilitation therapists’ opinions on the impact of vertical perception deficits on rehabilitation and recovery
Full text linkBackground/Aims: Following stroke, people can present with spatial perceptual deficits, which are associated with vertical perception deficits and are known to negatively influence the outcome of rehabilitation. It is not known how vertical perception deficits influence rehabilitation therapists’ assessment and treatment choices. A survey of mainly UK-based physiotherapists and occupational therapists was undertaken to explore views and current practice in relation to vertical perception following stroke. Specifically, the survey investigated rehabilitation therapists’ views on terminology, assessment and treatment, impact on functional outcome and clinical decision making. Methods: An online survey was completed by a convenience sample of 70 rehabilitation therapists (52 physiotherapists and 18 occupational therapists). Results: Vertical perception deficits were commonly encountered by respondents and were diagnosed mainly through observation. Respondents were confident in their ability to assess and treat vertical perception deficits. Vertical perception deficits were understood to be associated with pushing behaviour, neglect, weight-bearing asymmetry and decreased balance. Respondents understood it was related to severe, right-sided strokes with sensory and proprioceptive loss, but were inconsistent in their awareness of the specific brain regions involved in vertical perception deficits, specifically in posterior circulation strokes. Respondents reported that stroke survivors with vertical perception deficits require longer periods of rehabilitation, and overall have a worse functional outcome than those without. A variety of treatment options were used to address vertical perception deficits. Conclusions: Further research should investigate the treatment and assessment used by rehabilitation therapists in relation to vertical perception deficits following stroke. Implications for practice Vertical perception deficits are commonly encountered in stroke rehabilitation. Rehabilitation therapists identify this mainly through observation. There are currently no methods to quantify vertical perception deficits in the clinical environment. Individuals living with vertical perception deficit may require longer periods of rehabilitation. At present, there are no evidence-based interventions to address vertical perception deficits in people who have had a stroke
Prediction of peak oxygen uptake in children using submaximal ratings of perceived exertion during treadmill exercise
Full text linkPurpose: This study assessed the utility of the Children’s Effort Rating Table (CERT) and the Eston-Parfitt (EP) Scale in estimating peak oxygen uptake (V• O2peak) in children, during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) on a treadmill. Methods: Fifty healthy children (n=21 boys; 9.4 ± 0.9 y) completed a continuous, incremental protocol until the attainment of V• O2peak. Oxygen uptake (V• O2) was measured continuously, and Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE) were estimated at the end of each exercise stage using the CERT and the EP Scale. Ratings up to- and including RPE 5 and 7, from both the CERT (CERT 5, CERT 7) and EP Scale (EP 5, EP 7), were linearly regressed against the corresponding V• O2, to both maximal RPE (CERT 10, EP 10) and terminal RPE (CERT 9, EP 9). Results: There were no differences between measured- and predicted V• O2peak from CERT 5, CERT 7, EP 5 and EP 7 when extrapolated to either CERT 9 or EP 9 (P > .05). Pearson’s correlations of r = 0.64-0.86 were observed between measured- and predicted V• O2peak, for all perceptual ranges investigated. However, only EP 7 provided a small difference when considering the Standard Error of Estimate, suggesting that the prediction of V• O2peak from EP 7 would be within 10% of measured V• O2peak. Conclusions: Although robust estimates of V• O2peak may be elicited using both the CERT and EP Scale during a single CPET with children, the most accurate estimates of V• O2peak occur when extrapolating from EP 7
Effect of lower-limb compression clothing on 400-m sprint performance
No full textThis study investigated the effects of wearing a variety of lower-limb compression garments on 400-m sprint performance. Eleven 400-m male runners (23.7 ± 5.7 years, 1.78 ± 0.08 m, and 75.3 ± 10.0 kg) completed six, 400-m running tests on an outdoor, all-weather running track on separate occasions. The participants completed 2 runs with long-length lower-limb compression garments (LG; hip-to-ankle), a combination of short-length lower-limb compression garments (SG; hip-to-knee) with calf compression sleeves (ankle-to-knee), or without compression garments (CON; shorts), in a randomized, counterbalanced order. Overall lap time and 100-m split times, heart rate, and ratings of perceived exertion (RPEs) were measured during the 400-m run. Blood lactate concentration, visual analogue scales for perceived soreness, feeling and arousal, and scales for perceived comfort and tightness when wearing compression garments, were assessed before (preexercise, post-warm-up) and after 400-m performance (post, 4 minutes postexercise, after a warm-down). Statistical analysis revealed no differences between conditions in overall 400-m performance, 100-m split times, or blood lactate concentration (p > 0.05), although there was a trend for an increased rate of blood lactate clearance when wearing compression garments. A significantly lower RPE (p > 0.05) was however observed during LG (13.8 ± 0.9) and SG (13.4 ± 1.1) when compared with CON (14.0 ± 1.0). This study has demonstrated that lower-limb compression garments may lower the effort perception associated with 400-m performance, despite there being no differences in overall athletic performance
The effectiveness of a high-intensity games intervention on improving indices of health in young children
No full textThis study assessed the effectiveness of a 6-week, high-intensity, games-based intervention on physiological and anthropometric indices of health, in normal weight (n = 26; 32.5 ± 8.9 kg) and obese (n = 29; 49.3 ± 8.9 kg) children (n = 32 boys, 23 girls), aged 8–10 years. Children were randomised into an exercise or control group. The exercise group participated in a twice-weekly, 40 min active games intervention, alongside their usual school physical education classes. The control group did not take part in the intervention. Before and after the intervention, participants completed both a maximal and submaximal graded exercise test. The submaximal exercise test comprised of a 6 min, moderate- and 6 min heavy-intensity bout, interspersed with a 5 min recovery. The exercise group demonstrated improvements in maximal oxygen uptake (51.4 ± 8.5 vs 54.3 ± 9.6 ml · kg?1 · min?1) and peak running speed (11.3 ± 1.6 vs 11.9 ± 1.6 km · h?1), and a reduction in the oxygen cost of submaximal exercise between assessments (P < .05). A decrease in waist circumference and increase in muscle mass were observed between assessments for the obese participants randomised to the intervention (both P < .05). This study demonstrates that a short-term, high-intensity games intervention may elicit positive changes in physiological and anthropometric indices of health in normal weight and obese children
- …
