86,755 research outputs found
Enforcing the Rights of Human Sources to Informed Consent and Disclosures of Incidental Findings from Biobanks and Researchers: State Mechanisms in Light of Broad Regulatory Failure
No full textFatehi, Leili; Hall, Ralph F.. (2012). Enforcing the Rights of Human Sources to Informed Consent and Disclosures of Incidental Findings from Biobanks and Researchers: State Mechanisms in Light of Broad Regulatory Failure. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/155959
Effectiveness of English Language Teaching on Aggression and Anxiety in the Elderly with Alzheimer’s Disease
No full textIntroduction: When aging starts, the human being becomes prone and vulnerable to a variety of diseases and disorders, specifically Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which is the main reason for about 80% of the cases of dementia in older adults. AD is associated with a range of challenging disorders, such as aggression and anxiety, which make the lives of patients more difficult. This study aimed at investigating the impact of English language teaching on aggression and anxiety among older people with AD.
Methods: The design of this study was quasi-experimental pre-test post-test with the control group. The participants of the study included 40 Iranian (20 males and 20 females) older adults (≥ 65 years) who were suffering from AD in Kerman province, Iran, and also they were selected through convenience sampling. The exercise group participated in 20 sessions of English language teaching three times a week in 40 minutes. Then, the effect of English language teaching on both aggression and anxiety was analyzed. The required data were collected through the Persian version of the Bass-Perry Aggression Questionnaire and the Persian version of the Spielberger State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory. Data analysis was conducted by running descriptive statistics, Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test, Leven test, and one-way Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA).
Results: English language teaching significantly affected aggression among older people with AD (F= 9.112 p < 0.05, w2 = 0.178) similarly; it significantly affected anxiety (F = 9.147 p < 0.05, w2 = 0.130).
Conclusion: English language teaching significantly improves aggression and anxiety among older people with AD. The findings have implications for the elderly with AD and their families, psychiatrists, and English language teaching policymakers.
Corresponding Author: Neda Fatehi Rad
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Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
[Newspaper Clipping: Author Claims Evidence of Second JFK Assassin #1]
No full textNewspaper article titled "Author Claims Evidence of Second JFK Assassin." The article states that author Richard J. Whalen concluded "that there is circumstantial evidence to support the theory of a second assassin in the shooting of President John F. Kennedy.
Also By The Same Author: AKTiveAuthor, a Citation Graph Approach to Name Disambiguation
No full textThe desire for definitive data and the semantic web drive for inference over heterogeneous data sources requires co-reference resolution to be performed on those data. In particular, name disambiguation is required to allow accurate publication lists, citation counts and impact measures to be determined. This paper describes a graph-based approach to author disambiguation on large-scale citation networks. Using self-citation, co-authorship and document source analyses, AKTiveAuthor clusters papers, achieving precision of 0.997 and recall of 0.818 over a test group of eight surname clusters
The effect of diabetes training through social networks on metabolic control of individuals with type 2 diabetes; a randomized controlled trial
No full textBackground. Due to spread of smart phones, opportunity to train patients with diabetes and communicate with them using social media is rising. Aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of training through two popular social networks in Iran ("Telegram" and "Soroush") and the metabolic control of people with Type 2 diabetes. Methods. In this randomized controlled trial, we recruited 134 patients with type 2 diabetes, which randomly allocated into two groups: the intervention and the control group on a 1:1 basis. The studied tools included demographic information and awareness of diabetes and international physical activity questionnaires. The intervention comprised a training package that delivered to the intervention group via social media for 45 days. The primary outcome measures included awareness of diabetes management and physical activity level while secondary outcome measures were HbA1c and lipid profile. Results. Social network training led to the increase of the patients' awareness (44.31 ± 2.78 to 46.88 ± 2.25 in intervention group vs 44.14 ± 3.85 to 44.41 ± 3.87 in control group) and physical activities level (23.64 ± 8.46 to 31.68 ± 7.12 in intervention group vs 26.20 ± 9.39 to 30.20 ± 8.11 in control group) (p-value < 0.001). Besides, LDL and HDL levels, and HbA1c (8.19 ± 2.10 to 8.05 ± 1.96 in intervention group vs. 7.53 ± 1.67 to 7.45 ± 1.34 in control group) decreased significantly (p-value < 0.05). Conclusions. Changes in lifestyle and challenges of the patients' attendance in diabetes training sessions, declared that use of social networks can be useful to train diabetes patients remotely, and it is feasible to send training messages to help them improve their diabetes care
Cell migration and organization
No full textInformation sent to and received by cells is essential for a homeostatic development of tissues and organs. These same signals are responsible for the good functioning of lymphatic organs and therefore govern the immune response. Dysfunctioning of the signaling networks is related to pathological situations, among which one can find cancer and auto-immune diseases. Intercellular communication involves the synthesis and the adjustment of signals by the secreting/emitting cell in order to reach the needed threshold. Diffusion of the signal to the target cell in addition to its interpretation lead to functional changes like cell migration and aggregation. Individual cells such as bacteria find food or increase their virulence through taxis (directional stimulus) and/or kinesis (speed stimulus). Immune cells appear to use the same processes to find bacteria and cellular debris, as well as to perform the cellular dance observed in germinal centers. This behavior is a result of an up or down regulation of specific signals that suggest to B and T-cells the paths to follow. Furthermore, cell segregation in the white pulp of the spleen, was also shown to be a result of a tight adjustment of T-cell kinesis. Restriction to cellular tracks and other experimentally provided measurements does not ensure a full comprehension of the observed cellular behavior. Thus, the study of patterns opens new gates to our understanding of the immune system. With the help of the agent-based modeling technique, cellular migration and aggregation are investigated in response to various cell-cell interactions. This work aims to explore different mechanisms that lead to cellular migration and aggregation, by defining the emergent properties of interest and that will help distinguish between interactions, starting by a simple look at the emergent patterns, followed by an analysis of their size, their degree of aggregation and the effective communication distances. Finally, the results obtained from the in silico experiments provided a guideline to differentiate between many cell-cell interactions under specific circumstances. Chemotaxis and phototaxis with and without diffusive cellular motion were shown to be distinguishable through an analysis of the emerging aggregation profiles.Zellen sind komplexe biologische Strukturen. Um sie zu verstehen braucht es daher die Kombination mehrerer verschiedener Herangehensweisen. Wir befassen uns hier speziell mit Zellmigration. Obwohl diese im ausgewachsenen Organismus keine so herausragende Rolle mehr spielt, ist es bekannt das sich einige Zelltypen, unter anderem Lymphozyten, Makrophagen oder Fibroblasten, während einer Immunantwort aktiv durch das Gewebe bewegen. Die Signale, die während einer solchen Immunantwort Informationen zwischen den Zellen übermitteln, sind darüber hinaus essentiell für die selbstregulierende Entwicklung von Geweben und Organen und steuern globale Prozesse in Körper. Funktionsstörungen in diesem Signal-Netzwerk stehen im Zusammenhang mit Leiden, wie zum Beispiel Krebs oder Autoimmun-Erkrankungen wie Diabetes und Hepatitis. Die hier vorgestellte Arbeit befasst sich mit der Unterscheidung verschiedener Wechselwirkungen auf interzellulärer Ebene anhand der experimentell beobachteten Morphologie eines Zell-Systems. Wir verwenden Computersimulationen als eine bewährte Methode, um von der Morphologie auf die zugrunde liegenden interzelluläre Wechselwirkungen zu schliessen. So konnten Computersimulationen beispielsweise auf der Basis von Migrationsdaten für B-Zellen in Keimzentren, welche mit der Zwei-Photonen-Mikroskopie gewonnen worden waren, aufklären, welche Rolle die Chemotaxis bei der Etablierung der dunklen und hellen Zone in Keimzentren spielt. Dabei stellte sich heraus, daß Chemotaxis - entgegen dem gängigen Migrationsmodell für B-Zellen in Keimzentren - die B-Zell-Migration lediglich zeitlich und räumlich begrenzt bestimmt. Anstatt fortwährend von Chemotaxis getrieben zu sein, bewegen sich B-Zellen auf der Suche nach Überlebenssignalen zumeist per Diffusion (Zufallsbewegung) in den Zonen des Keimzentrum. Wir verwenden in dieser Arbeit ein mathematisches Modell, welches die bedeutenden Rollen von Chemotaxis und Phototaxis in den meist auf Zell-Ebene ablaufenden Aktionen beschreibt und so experimentatorischen Biologen bei deren Unterscheidung helfen kann. Eine wesentliche Frage, die in dieser Arbeit hinsichtlich Zell-Kommunikation und Aggregation diskutiert wird, ist die Distanz, über die diese Prozesse wirken können und ob es, abgesehen von chemischer Diffusion, andere Mechanismen gibt, beispielsweise Phototaxis, die zu Aggregation führen können. Im vorgestellten Modell können Zellen Signale empfangen und aussenden; diese integriert, werden um Informationen über ihre Umgebung zu sammeln und dementsprechend zu reagieren. Eine gut untersuchte Art zellulärer Kommunikation arbeitet über die Freisetzung von Chemokinen und Diffusion. Auch Licht kann einen großen Einfluss auf das Verhalten der Zellen haben, speziell bei Aggregations-Prozessen. Die folgende Arbeit will vor allem ein Modell vorstellen, welches dazu beitragen kann, experimentatorischen Biologen dabei zu helfen, die Unterschiede in den Auswirkungen von Chemotaxis und Phototaxis zu erkennen, sowie die Mechanismen aufzuzeigen, die der zellulären Aggregation zu Grunde liegen. Unser Modell ist ein Ansatz Chemotaxis und Phototaxis zu simulieren. Die Ergebnisse unserer Simulationen zeigen, daß Zellaggregation ein Prozess ist, der komplizierter ist als es zunächst erscheinen mag. So kann zum Beispiel das Herauslösen von Zellen aus einem bestehendem Aggregat den überraschenden Effekt haben, den Grad der Aggregation schlußendlich zu erhöhen. Dagegen erschwert vermehrte Diffusion der Zellen den Aggregationsprozess. Bei bestimmten Werte der Herauslösungsrate werden sich Zellen, die von kleineren Aggregaten abgelöst werden, bei größeren Aggregaten ansiedeln, da diese stärkere Signale aussenden. Eine Beobachtung der Zellbewegungen in der Simulation zeigt, daß Aggregate aufgrund solcher Diffusions- und Umordnungsprozesse um ihren Schwerpunkt oszillieren. Zellen, die sich innerhalb eines Aggregates aufgrund von Diffusion bewegen, kehren in Abhängigkeit von den Anziehungskräften zu der stabilsten Position zurück. Außerdem sind sich die durch Chemotaxis und Phototaxis verursachten Aggregationsmuster sehr ähnlich und können nicht mit bloß Auge unterschieden werden. Bei gleicher Zell-Zell Interaktionsreichweite R kann es jedoch zu sehr unterschiedlichen Aggregations-Mustern kommen, wie unsere Simulationen zeigen. Während R die Signal-Reichweite zwischen zwei Zellen ist, sind die Aggregationsmuster durch die effektive Reichweite Reff charakterisiert. Die effektive Reichweite berücksichtigt kollektive Effekte von Aggregaten und hängt von dem zugrundliegenden Signalprozess ab. Die effektiven Kommunikationsdistanzen innerhalb derer Zellen sich wahrnehmen sind die Schlüsselparameter, um zwischen Chemotaxis und Phototaxis zu unterscheiden. Es konnte gezeigt werden, daß der Bereich der R-Werte bei denen Chemotaxis und Phototaxis unterschieden werden kann experimentell relevant ist. Zum Beispiel wurde bei blutbildenden CD34+ Zellen eine Kummunikationsreichweite von ca. 14 Zelldurchmessern beobachtet. Dieser Umstand kann genutzt werden, um einen unbekannten Signalprozess aus geschätzten Signal Schwellwerten und Signalstärken zu ermitteln. Eine experimentelle Bestimmung von R aus Zwei-Zell-Experimenten und Reff aus der Analyse von Aggregationsmustern ist dann ausreichend, um zwischen Chemotaxis und Phototaxis zu unterscheiden. Die Ergebnisse der Dissertation stellen das erste Modell dieser Vorgänge dar und zielen darauf ab, chemotaktisches und phototaktisches Verhalten auf einen phenomenologischen Niveau zu vergleichen. Für weitergehende Analysen müssen die spezifischen Genotypen der Zellen berücksichtigt werden. Heute fehlt es noch an experimentellen Daten, die für die eine theoretische biologische Modellierung notwendig sind. Daher betonen wir die Unterschiede zwischen diesen beiden Mechanismen, die es erlauben zwischen Prozessen der Aggregation im Experiment zu unterscheiden. Außerdem kannunser Modell die Untersuchung weiterer Parameter vereinfachen, die bei der Analyse von großen Systemen mit hohen Zelldichten und erschiedenen Wechselwirkungen notwendig sind
A comparison of hydroponic and soil-based screening methods to identify salt tolerance in the field in barley
No full textSuccess in breeding crops for yield and other quantitative traits depends on the use of methods to evaluate genotypes accurately under field conditions. Although many screening criteria have been suggested to distinguish between genotypes for their salt tolerance under controlled environmental conditions, there is a need to test these criteria in the field. In this study, the salt tolerance, ion concentrations, and accumulation of compatible solutes of genotypes of barley with a range of putative salt tolerance were investigated using three growing conditions (hydroponics, soil in pots, and natural saline field). Initially, 60 genotypes of barley were screened for their salt tolerance and uptake of Na+, Cl–, and K+ at 150 mM NaCl and, based on this, a subset of 15 genotypes was selected for testing in pots and in the field. Expression of salt tolerance in saline solution culture was not a reliable indicator of the differences in salt tolerance between barley plants that were evident in saline soil-based comparisons. Significant correlations were observed in the rankings of genotypes on the basis of their grain yield production at a moderately saline field site and their relative shoot growth in pots at ECe 7.2 [Spearman’s rank correlation (rs)=0.79] and ECe 15.3 (rs=0.82) and the crucial parameter of leaf Na+ (rs=0.72) and Cl– (rs=0.82) concentrations at ECe 7.2 dS m−1. This work has established screening procedures that correlated well with grain yield at sites with moderate levels of soil salinity. This study also showed that both salt exclusion and osmotic tolerance are involved in salt tolerance and that the relative importance of these traits may differ with the severity of the salt stress. In soil, ion exclusion tended to be more important at low to moderate levels of stress but osmotic stress became more important at higher stress levels. Salt exclusion coupled with a synthesis of organic solutes were shown to be important components of salt tolerance in the tolerant genotypes and further field tests of these plants under stress conditions will help to verify their potential utility in crop-improvement programmes.Ehsan Tavakkoli, Foad Fatehi, Pichu Rengasamy and Glenn K. McDonal
John F. Kennedy telegram to Roosevelt
No full textJersey Homesteads (later the Borough of Roosevelt) was established in the 1930s as an agro-industrial cooperative community. It was established specifically for urban Jewish garment workers, many of whom had emigrated from Europe. President John F. Kennedy sent a telegram to the citizens of Roosevelt, New Jersey, apologizing for not being able to attend the memorial dedication in honor of former President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. (Jersey Homesteads became Roosevelt in 1945 in honor of the president.) President Kennedy expressed his gratitude to the people of Roosevelt for constructing the memorial, and commented that it will serve as a constant reminder of Roosevelt's good works
A Bronze Age evidence of cosmetic option in eye replacement: the ocular prosthesis of Shahr-I Sokhta, Iran
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