3 research outputs found
Sustaining menstrual regulation policy: a case study of the policy process in Bangladesh
No full textBangladesh introduced menstrual regulation (early abortion) into its national
family planning program in 1979, and for more than 20 years women with unwanted
pregnancies have been able to avail themselves of a relatively safe and accessible
service. Over the years, however, concern has been expressed about deficiencies in
the implementation of the policy, and by the mid-1990s, the menstrual regulation
(MR) policy was approaching a critical juncture. The introduction of health sector
reforms and the waning of international and domestic support raised questions
regarding the sustainability of the policy. This study was conducted to determine the
factors that influenced the development of and support for the MR policy in
Bangladesh, in order to explore how far those factors might influence future
sustainability.
The study used an analytic framework based on literature from the policy
field to test what factors were important in the policy process in Bangladesh.
Qualitative data was gathered from interviews and documents in an inductive
approach to determine the development of the MR policy, which was then subjected
to a retrospective analysis of the entire life cycle of the MR policy-how it came to
be placed on the policy agenda, how and why it was formulated the way it was, and
why it was not implemented as well as it could have been. Data gathered from
interviews and document reviews were then used in a political mapping exercise
undertaken in a prospective analysis for the policy, providing insights in relation to
the future sustainability of the MR policy.
The research suggested that the analytic framework used was helpful in
providing a systematic analysis of contextual conditions, agenda-setting
circumstances, and policy characteristics that could explain much of the variability in
the policy process. The role of international donors and attitudes toward religion
were found to be particularly relevant to explaining the policy process. The study
concluded that the MR policy would likely not be sustained in the future unless
purposeful action were taken to mobilise additional bureaucratic and political
resources in support of the policy
Role of Probiotic and Racecadotril as an Adjuvant Therapy in Management of Acute Watery Diarrhea in Children
No full textObjective: To see the role of nonspecific antidiarrheal agents as Probiotics and Racecadotril as an adjuvant therapy among children presenting with acute watery diarrhea
Methodology: This cross-sectional comparative study was conducted in Pediatric Department Fatima Memorial Hospital Lahore from July 2023 to December 2023. One hundred and sixty children were included in this study and were equally divided in two study groups. Probiotics was given in Group A and Racecadotril treatment was given in Group B (1.5 mg/kg every eight hours). The effect of both agents was evaluated at 24 hours and 48 hours after admission in terms of improvement in the stool consistency.
Results: Out of 160 children, 97 (60.6%) were male. The mean age was 15.73 ± 9.75 months. The average duration of diarrhea before starting treatment was 2.51 ± 1.21 days, with an average of 13.56 ± 3.85 stools per day. The average number of episodes was significantly lower with Racecadotril (8.08 ± 2.97 on day 1 and 3.68 ± 1.98 on day 2) compared to Probiotics (10.01 ± 3.79 on day 1 and 7.45 ± 2.92 on day 2) with p value 0.000 on both day 1 and day 2 comparison. The result showed that Racecadotril demonstrated better efficacy compared to probiotics with significant improvement in stool grades on the first and second day of treatment (p value 0.000 and 0.001, respectively).
Conclusion: We concluded that Racecadotril is significantly more effective in treating acute watery diarrhea in children
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Technological impact on the art of moviemaking: deploying new and convergent media to redefine a model for Pakistan’s cinema
No full textThis thesis examines the decline in Pakistani cinema during the last two decades. It examines the history of the cinema and exposes some possible, previously ignored, causes for that decline. This research led the author to ask “Can new and convergent media be helpful in reviving the Pakistani cinema?” The thesis introduces the ideas of established and emergent cinema, building on the work of Williams (1977) in discussing the ideas of dominant, residual and emergent culture. The exploration reveals two gaps in the film industry: first, the lack of training in the making of films; and, second, the change in possible production methods allowed by new and emergent technologies. The thesis addresses both of these gaps by suggesting new production paradigms which incorporate the new technology and by examining two scripts to develop methodologies for teaching. The scripts are produced into films as the practice section of the research. The first film, creative element 1, is developed using some of the new tehnologies, students as crew and the available resources of an educational establishment to test the methodologies that have been derived. The outcomes of the creative element 1 laid the foundation of the second film, creative element 2. It is shot on mobile phones and distributed from Pakistan through Vimeo with a negligible budget. The social networks helped to arrange equipment and locations and allowed extreme freedom to the filmmaker
