165,203 research outputs found
Head and facial injuries due to cluster munitions
No full textCluster munitions are weapons that scatter smaller sub-munitions intended to kill or mutilate on impact. They have been used by the Israeli army in the south of Lebanon and are now scattered over wide rural areas affecting its inhabitants. Because of their easily pickable nature, sub-munitions can inflict injuries to the head and face regions. In this study, we aimed to explore the head and face injuries along with their clinical features in a group of Lebanese patients who suffered from such injuries due to a sub-munition's detonation. The study included all the cases reported between 14 August 2006 and 15 February 2013, with head and face injuries related to cluster bombs. Injuries were classified into brain, eye, otologic and auditory impairments, oral and maxillofacial, and skin and soft-tissue injuries. Psychological effects of these patients were also examined as for post-traumatic stress disorder, major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder and acute stress syndrome. During the study period, there were 417 casualties as a result of cluster munitions' blasts. Out of the total number of victims, 29 (7 percent) were injured in the head and the face region. The convention on cluster munitions of 2008 should be adhered to, as these inhumane weapons indiscriminately and disproportionately harm innocent civilians, thereby violating the well-established international principles governing conflict and war today. © 2014 Springer-Verlag.American Psychiatric Association, 2013, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT, P271; Bandak FA, 1996, TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJU, P167; Beehner L, 2006, BACKGROUNDER; BRANDVOLD B, 1990, J NEUROSURG, V72, P15, DOI 10.3171-jns.1990.72.1.0015; Bryant K, 2009, B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN, V87, P8; Campbell DG, 2007, J GEN INTERN MED, V22, P711, DOI 10.1007-s11606-006-0101-4; COOPER PR, 1979, NEUROSURGERY, V4, P373; Corbman GR, 1997, ANXIETY DISORDERS CU; Fares Youssef, 2013, J Infect Public Health, V6, P482, DOI 10.1016-j.jiph.2013.05.006; Fares Y, 2013, NEUROL SCI, V34, P2095, DOI 10.1007-s10072-013-1343-7; Fares Y, 2013, NEUROL SCI, V34, P1971, DOI 10.1007-s10072-013-1427-4; Torpy Janet M, 2011, JAMA, V305, P522, DOI 10.1001-jama.305.5.522; GUALTIERI T, 1991, Brain Injury, V5, P219, DOI 10.3109-02699059109008093; Hurley RA, 2004, J NEUROPSYCH CLIN N, V16, P1, DOI 10.1176-appi.neuropsych.16.1.1; KAUFMAN HH, 1986, NEUROSURGERY, V18, P689; Mendez CV, 2005, J NEUROPSYCH CLIN N, V17, P297, DOI 10.1176-appi.neuropsych.17.3.297; Muzaffar W, 2000, BRIT J OPHTHALMOL, V84, P626, DOI 10.1136-bjo.84.6.626; RISH BL, 1983, J NEUROSURG, V59, P775, DOI 10.3171-jns.1983.59.5.0775; Sayer NA, 2008, ARCH PHYS MED REHAB, V89, P163, DOI 10.1016-j.apmr.2007.05.0250
Anatomical and neuropsychological effects of cluster munitions
No full textThe aim of this article is to investigate the effects of cluster munitions on the different environmental, anatomical and neuropsychological levels. We conducted a study to explore the effects of sub-munitions on Lebanese victims. The study included a total of 407 cases that have been subjected to the detonation of unexploded sub-munitions in Lebanon, between 2006 and 2011. In our series, 356 casualties were injured and 51 were dead. 382 were males and 25 were females. We recorded 83 cases of amputations, and injuries involving cranio-facial regions, thorax, abdomen, and upper and lower extremities. These injuries lead to loss of function, body disfiguration, and chronic pain caused by the injuries or the amputations, as well as post-traumatic stress disorder. The peripheral nervous system was mostly affected and patients suffered from significant psychosocial tribulations. Cluster munitions harm human beings and decrease biodiversity. Survivors suffer from physical and psychological impairments. Laws should be passed and enforced to ban the use of these detrimental weapons that have negative effects on ecosystem and societal levels. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Italia.American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT; [Anonymous], 1982, NY TIMES; [Anonymous], 2008, REM LEB 13 AUG STOP; ASCHERIO A, 1995, LANCET, V346, P721, DOI 10.1016-S0140-6736(95)91501-X; Beehner L, 2006, BACKGROUNDER; Berhe AA, 2007, LAND DEGRAD DEV, V18, P1, DOI 10.1002-ldr.754; Blaikie P., 1987, LAND DEGRADATION SOC; Cameron AM, 1998, WALK FEAR GLOBAL MOV; Dahlberg A, 1994, 6 NORD AFR; De Smet J, 2000, INT SOC STUDY PAIN, V11, P1; Dougherty PJ, 2001, J BONE JOINT SURG AM, V83A, P383; Eliasson J, 1995, CLEARING FIELDS SOLU, P308; Foell J, 2012, HDB PAIN PALLIATIVE; Gunaratnam Hentry Roche, 2003, Med Confl Surviv, V19, P223, DOI 10.1080-13623690308409693; Handicap International and Lao Youth Union, 2004, LIF BOMB PSYCH STUD, P12; Human Rights Watch, 2004, CLUST MUN INT HUM LA; Johnston DL, 1995, LAND DEGRADATION CRE, DOI Blackwell; Leaning J, 2000, CMAJ, V163, P9; Patton G, 1975, WAR I KNEW IT; Ramachandran VS, 1998, BRAIN, V121, P1603, DOI 10.1093-brain-121.9.1603; Somasundaram D J, 1998, Med Confl Surviv, V14, P219, DOI 10.1080-13623699808409394; Strada G, 1996, SCI AM, V274, P26; Troll K, 2000, IMPACT ANTIPERSONNEL31
Hedonic pricing models for metropolitan bus services
No full textConventional studies on the pricing of bus services use the cost structure to explain bus fares. In this paper, a hedonic pricing model for bus services in Hong Kong is estimated. The contributions of cost and market factors are uncovered. It is found that the cost factors dominate the determination of bus fares. In contrast to our expectation, bus fares do not react to competition faced by bus companies. Moreover, except the three cross-harbour tunnels, the bus fare has no direct relationship with the tolls of other tunnels. Our model serves well as a reference tool for bus companies to set market-acceptable bus fares.Hedonic Pricing Model, Bus Fares, Kowloon Motor Bus.
Deregulation of Domestic Aviation - the First Year
No full textThe Commonwealth's regulation of interstate aviation, in place for over thirty years, came to an end at midnight on 30 October 1990. This study reviews the developments in the last few months of regulation and in the first year of deregulation. Based on the first year's evidence, deregulation of domestic aviation in Australia has, from the consumer's perspective, been very successful. Reliance on market forces and competition, as opposed to regulation, has so far provided clear benefits to consumers in terms of lower fares and improved servcie quality. In particular, discount air fares have been much deeper and more readily available under deregulation. Between September 1990 and June 1991quarters, real average fares of a large sample of the top 20 routes fell by 12 per cent. Service quality on a number of dimensions has also improved with deregulation. Most notably, an analysis of the services provided by domestic and commuter operators on the top 40 routes indicated that there was a 21 per cent increase in the number of flights between the June quarters of 1990 and 1991. The airlines have been able to reduce costs, but their financial performance has been adversely affected by the recession and the increased level of competition in the industry. the analysis suggests that the expected outcomes from deregulation are being realised so far.airlines; deregulation; microeconomic reform; Australia
Pain and neurological sequelae of cluster munitions on children and adolescents in South Lebanon
No full textThis paper aims at evaluating the neurological repercussions arising from injuries sustained due to cluster munitions in children up to 18 years in South Lebanon following the 2006 conflict. Data on neurological and pain symptoms suffered during and after treatment because of sub-munitions in South Lebanon from August 2006 till late 2011 were prospectively recorded. Patients were divided into subcategories; children aged 12 and under and adolescents aged between 13 and 18. During the study period, there were 407 casualties, 122 (30 percent) of which were aged 18 years or younger. There were 116 (95 percent) males and six (5 percent) females. Average age was 14 years. 10 (8.2 percent), all males, died as a result of their injuries. 42 (34.4 percent) were children and 80 (65.6 percent) were adolescents. 112 had surgical treatments for their injuries. 83 out of 112 patients (74 percent) with non-lethal injuries had amputations, 67 percent children and 78 percent adolescents. Among those who had amputations, 31 (37.4 percent) suffered from phantom limb pain and 71 percent suffered from stump-residual limb pain. 88 percent of patients were diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (44 percent children and 77 percent adolescents) and 41 percent were diagnosed with post-concussion syndrome. Four patients (3.6 percent) suffered from traumatic brain injuries, both penetrating and closed. Pain syndromes were found in all patients who had amputation. The injury related comorbidities together with many post-concussion syndrome cases, and fewer traumatic brain injuries lead into a high level of physical, psychosocial and economic burdens on the community. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Italia.American Psychiatric Association, 1994, DIAGN STAT MAN MENT; [Anonymous], 2011, CHILDR LANDM DEADL L; [Anonymous], 2010, INT CAMP BAN LANDM; Bandak FA, 1996, TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJU, P167; Beehner L, 2006, CAMPAIGN BAN CLUSTER; Bendinelli C, 2009, WORLD J SURG, V33, P1070, DOI 10.1007-s00268-009-9978-5; Borrie J, 2006, CLUST MUNITIONS, V4, P5; Bouhassira D, 2005, PAIN, V114, P29, DOI 10.1016-j.pain.2004.12.010; Fares Y, 2013, NEUROL SCI, DOI [10.1007-s10072-013-1343-7, DOI 10.1007-S10072-013-1343-7]; Flor H, 1998, EXP BRAIN RES, V119, P205, DOI 10.1007-s002210050334; Jaber H, 2009, CLUSTER BOMBS LEAVE; Kalauokalani DAK, 1999, EPIDEMIOLOGY PAIN, P143; Kooijman CM, 2000, PAIN, V87, P33, DOI 10.1016-S0304-3959(00)00264-5; Ling G, 2009, J NEUROTRAUM, V26, P815, DOI 10.1089-neu.2007.0484; Nixon R, 2007, CULT CRIT, P160; Roth W, 2011, GLOBALIZATIONS; SHERMAN RA, 1980, PAIN, V8, P85, DOI 10.1016-0304-3959(80)90092-5; Walsh NE, 2003, B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN, V81, P665; Watts Hugh G, 2009, J Pediatr Rehabil Med, V2, P217, DOI 10.3233-PRM-2009-0083; Williamson B, 2011, J ERW MINE ACTION, V15, P2921
[Report to Chief J. E. Curry, by an unknown author #1]
No full textReport to Chief J. E. Curry, by an unknown author. The report contains a list of officers who gave depositions to the United States Attorney
[Report to Chief J. E. Curry, by an unknown author #2]
No full textReport to Chief J. E. Curry, by an unknown author. The report contains a list of officers who gave depositions to the United States Attorney
THE POTENTIAL IMPACT OF AIRLINE DEREGULATION ON FEEDER ROUTES IN THE FAR WEST
No full textIn anticipation of the air transportation regulatory reform act, this paper assesses the consequences of deregulating the airline industry. Particular attention is devoted to the impact of deregulation on air fares, travel demand, and flight frequency for relatively short feeder routes connecting small cities and rural centers. On the basis of a sample of routes in the far western states, it appears that deregulation would raise fares on routes shorter than 100 miles while lowering prices on longer trunk routes connecting major metropolitan areas. Flight frequency on particular routes would be curtailed by approximately 28 percent as airlines substituted price competition for non-price rivalry under a new regulatory regime.Public Economics,
Report of R.R. fares for Southern emigrants
No full textScan of a 2-page document with heading: "John Morgan, 10 Dec, 1877, Report of R.R. fares for Southern emigrants, providing details on emigration of LDS converts from the Southern United States to the San Luis Valley of Colorado. As President of the Southern States Mission, John Morgan oversaw the establishment of a Mormon colony near Pueblo, Colorad
Can international comparisons of air fares be made? / Peter J. Forsyth.
No full textInternational comparisons of air fares are often made. A
fare on a route in one country is compared to the fare on a route
in another country, with the fares in different countries being
reduced to common terms with the use of the current exchange
rate. Varying degrees of care may be exercised in selecting the
routes for comparison, but typically strong inferences will be
drawn from the results. It may be claimed that air fares in a
country are "too high" or ".low", and it may be further asserted
that airlines of that country are efficient or inefficient
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