89,173 research outputs found
Hedonic pricing models for metropolitan bus services
No full textConventional studies on the pricing of bus services use the cost structure to explain bus fares. In this paper, a hedonic pricing model for bus services in Hong Kong is estimated. The contributions of cost and market factors are uncovered. It is found that the cost factors dominate the determination of bus fares. In contrast to our expectation, bus fares do not react to competition faced by bus companies. Moreover, except the three cross-harbour tunnels, the bus fare has no direct relationship with the tolls of other tunnels. Our model serves well as a reference tool for bus companies to set market-acceptable bus fares.Hedonic Pricing Model, Bus Fares, Kowloon Motor Bus.
Deregulation of Domestic Aviation - the First Year
No full textThe Commonwealth's regulation of interstate aviation, in place for over thirty years, came to an end at midnight on 30 October 1990. This study reviews the developments in the last few months of regulation and in the first year of deregulation. Based on the first year's evidence, deregulation of domestic aviation in Australia has, from the consumer's perspective, been very successful. Reliance on market forces and competition, as opposed to regulation, has so far provided clear benefits to consumers in terms of lower fares and improved servcie quality. In particular, discount air fares have been much deeper and more readily available under deregulation. Between September 1990 and June 1991quarters, real average fares of a large sample of the top 20 routes fell by 12 per cent. Service quality on a number of dimensions has also improved with deregulation. Most notably, an analysis of the services provided by domestic and commuter operators on the top 40 routes indicated that there was a 21 per cent increase in the number of flights between the June quarters of 1990 and 1991. The airlines have been able to reduce costs, but their financial performance has been adversely affected by the recession and the increased level of competition in the industry. the analysis suggests that the expected outcomes from deregulation are being realised so far.airlines; deregulation; microeconomic reform; Australia
Is ozone flux inside leaves only a damage indicator? Clues from volatile isoprenoid studies
No full text
fares
No full textfaresIt sometimes happens that ships are fortunately jammed [in ice] admist multitudes of seals, and then they obtain their full fares without chnce of competition from those outside. [BB outside] [In previous sentences S uses voyage, result on the whole, the issue--trying to avoid the localisms.]JAN 1976Not usedNot usedWithdrawnwithdrawn but no stam
Supplemental Material, Table_S1,_S2_and_Fig_S1,_S2,_S3 - Artificial Light at Night of Different Spectral Compositions Differentially Affects Tumor Growth in Mice: Interaction With Melatonin and Epigenetic Pathways
No full textSupplemental Material, Table_S1,_S2_and_Fig_S1,_S2,_S3 for Artificial Light at Night of Different Spectral Compositions Differentially Affects Tumor Growth in Mice: Interaction With Melatonin and Epigenetic Pathways by A. E. Zubidat, B. Fares, F. Fares, and A. Haim in Cancer Control</p
Green's functions for plane-layered elastostatic and viscoelastic regions with application to 3-D crack analysis
No full textThesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil Engineering, 1987.Bibliography: v. 2, leaves 221-228.by Nabil Fares Fares.Ph.D
The use of branch enclosures to assess direct and indirect effects of elevated CO2 on photosynthesis, respiration and isoprene emission of Populus alba leaves
No full textWe used a novel system of branch enclosures to study the impact of elevated CO2 (900 ppm) on the gas-exchange characteristics of developed and developing leaves of white poplar (Populus alba L.), as well as of leaves subsequently developing at ambient CO2, outside the enclosures in which the CO2 concentration was raised. We found no significant effect of elevated CO2 on photosynthesis, respiration and isoprene emission, as the rates of developed and developing leaves inside the enclosures, and of leaves developing outside the enclosures, were similar to those recorded using enclosures maintained at ambient CO2. The enclosure system, however, largely influenced the rates of gas-exchange. In fact, leaves already developed inside the enclosures showed rates of photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and isoprene emission higher than leaves developing inside the enclosures, and also higher than leaves developing outside the enclosure. These differences were caused by a higher efficiency in the light use and by a higher Ribulose 1.5 bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco) activity in leaves fully developed inside enclosures than in the other leaf classes. The experiment overall suggests that branch enclosures may alter the physiology of the plants, reducing or counteracting the impact of elevated CO2, which we predicted to stimulate photosynthesis and uncouple isoprene emission from photosynthesis. This may be an important bias against the use of enclosure systems for studies of the impact of environmental constraints and global change factors on physiological features
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