1,721,176 research outputs found
Body dysmorphic disorder and orthodontics--an overview for clinicians
No full textINTRODUCTION: Patients with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) often seek aesthetic medical treatment including orthodontics to correct their perceived physical defects. When the disorder pertains to the dentofacial region, it is important for orthodontists to be familiar with this condition.OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the current knowledge on BDD and its relationship to orthodontics.METHOD: PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases were searched for publications relating to BDD and orthodontics. Further articles were sourced from the reference lists of the articles identified through the search.RESULTS: The literature recommends that orthodontic patients suspected of having BDD should be referred to a psychiatrist for a definitive diagnosis and subsequent management. However, this may be difficult to implement in clinical practice. Management by a psychiatrist could include pharmacotherapy and cognitive behavioural therapy. There is still debate as to whether orthodontic treatment should be provided for these patients.CONCLUSION: As health care workers providing aesthetic treatment to patients, orthodontists should be aware of BDD and its implications. Risks include repeated requests for unnecessary treatment, dissatisfaction with the result and thus potential for litigation. BDD still remains a challenge to diagnose, and further research is needed to determine the appropriate management of orthodontic patients suffering from the disorder
Space maintenance: An overview for clinicians
No full textPrimary teeth play an important role in aesthetics and function in the developing child. They also help to hold space for the permanent successors and guide them into occlusion. Space maintenance for early loss of primary teeth has therefore become an important part of interceptive orthodontic and paedodontic treatment. This review discusses the literature surrounding current techniques for space maintenance. Space requirement estimations and the indications and contraindications of space maintenance will be also be evaluated. © 2016 New Zealand Dental Association. All rights reserved
The malocclusion impact questionnaire (MIQ): Cross-sectional validation in a group of young people seeking orthodontic treatment in New Zealand
No full textThe aim of the study was to test the validity of the Malocclusion Impact Questionnaire (MIQ) in a NZ sample and to evaluate possible cross-cultural differences in MIQ data between a NZ and a UK sample. A cross-sectional, non-random sample of young people, aged 10-16 years, attending their first appointment at the orthodontic clinic of New Zealand's National Centre for Dentistry were asked to complete a questionnaire. This consisted of the 17 item MIQ, the short form CPQ 11-14 -ISF16 and two global questions. Some basic demographic and clinical data were collected. Sixty-six participants completed the questionnaire; however, the data for 2 were excluded due to the number of incomplete responses. MIQ was found to have excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha 0.924), good construct validity (Spearman's rho, 0.661 global Q1 'Overall, how much do your teeth bother you?'; 0.583 global Q2 'Overall, how much do your teeth affect your life?'). MIQ also demonstrated good criterion validity with CPQ 11-14 -ISF16 (Pearson rho, 0.625). The Rasch analysis confirmed that the questionnaire performed similarly and there was no differential item functioning between the two populations. The main differences between the samples were that the young people in NZ were less concerned about their malocclusion and reported lower item-impact scores compared with the young people in the UK
Effect of incisor retraction on facial aesthetics
No full textIncisor retraction may result in lip retraction, interlabial gap closure and increase of the nasolabial angle but a clear consensus on the effect of incisor retraction on facial aesthetics has not yet been achieved. Despite current evidence being weak, it seems to indicate that in a well-managed orthodontic case, with or without extractions, the soft-tissue and facial aesthetic changes are generally favourable or clinically insignificant
Importance of teeth in maintaining the morphology of the adult mandible in humans
No full textEdentulism can negatively affect both masticatory performance and dietary intake by altering the patterns of biomechanical stress and strain, which in turn modifies the morphology of the different regions of the mandible. The morphological changes in the mandible caused by these stressors are unknown when comparing mandibles across varying dentition states. This study investigated differences in the morphology of human mandibles across various states of the dentition. In total, 498 mandibles of individuals between 20 and 80 yr of age at death were sourced from the Raymond A. Dart Collection of Human Skeletons. These included fully dentate (n = 95), partially edentulous (n = 333), and fully edentulous (n = 70) mandibles. Twelve linear anthropometric measurements of the mandible were derived from digitized landmarks located on its external surface. Data analysis included geometric morphometrics and multivariate analyses. Compared with dentate and partially edentulous mandibles, fully edentulous mandibles showed a shorter alveolar height (-0.4 mm), a shorter mandibular body length (-4 mm), a larger gonial angle (+4°), a more obtuse mental angle (+4.7°), a broader bicondylar width (+3.8 mm), and a taller ramus height (+1.6 mm). Thus, edentulous states are associated with an altered mandibular morphology, which may result from a reduction in jaw function
The six geometries revisited
No full textForces and moments delivered by a straight wire connecting two orthodontic brackets are statically indeterminate and cannot be estimated using the classical equations of static equilibrium. To identify the mechanics of such two-bracket systems, Burstone and Koenig used the principles of linear beam theory to estimate the resulting force systems. In the original publication, however, it remains unclear how the force systems were calculated because no reference or computational details on the underlying principles have been provided. Using the moment carry-over principle and the relative angulation of the brackets, a formula was derived to calculate the relative moments of the two brackets. Because of the moment equilibrium, the vertical forces that exist as a force-couple on the two brackets can also be calculated. The accuracy of the proposed approach can be validated using previously published empirical data
Investigating orthodontic tooth movement: challenges and future directions
No full textAlthough dental practitioners orthodontically move teeth on a daily basis, questions persist regarding the complex biological mechanisms involved. The importance of knowledge about the mechanobiology of tooth movement is ever-increasing as orthodontics is undergoing a shift from a focus on ‘biomechanics’ to ‘biology’. As in other areas of healthcare, practitioners aspire to provide individualised treatment, as well as potentially accelerate tooth movement and attenuate adverse effects. In vitro and in vivo models of tooth movement research, including those which have been conducted in New Zealand, will be described, with a vision toward future directions
Psychological aspects of orthodontics in clinical practice. Part one: Treatment-specific variables
No full textThe orthodontist-patient relationship may have a significant impact on treatment outcome and patient satisfaction, thus improving the overall quality of care. Effective communication is crucial and unfortunately, it is often underestimated in a busy clinical practice. Aim of part one of this article is to review the psychological aspects that are relevant to a number of treatment variables in clinical orthodontics, including compliance with treatment, oral hygiene, management of orthodontic pain and discomfort, and oral habits. Due to the complex nature of the psychology of orthodontic treatment, it is difficult to determine the extent of the influence that the orthodontist-patient relationship may have on these variables, with effective communication and an awareness of the psychological issues playing an important role in enhancing the orthodontist-patient relationship. © 2011 Società Italiana di Ortodonzia SIDO
- …
