1,720,994 research outputs found
Comments on Product Category Rules (PCR) for 'Processed Liquid Milk', version 2.0, 08/04/2010 (Draft version)
No full textQuesto documento riporta quanto elaborato da ENEA UTVALAMB-LCA in merito alla consultazione sulla revisione ed aggiornamento delle 'Product Category Rules (PCR) for Processed Liquid Milk', version 2.0, 08/04/2010 (Draft version). La consultazione è stata condotta tramite un'analisi critica della draft version delle suddette PCR per il latte
Environmental assessment of antimicrobial coatings for packaged fresh milk
No full textAntimicrobial coatings are being increasingly used as a means to extend the shelf life of food products. This extension helps consumers cut down on the food waste generated at household level, while at the same time reducing the impact, which these products' life cycle has on the environment. The aim of this Life Cycle Assessment study is thus to assess the consequences on the environment arising from the application of an antimicrobial coating onto the packaging of a fresh milk product, while also taking into account the reduction in milk waste. The antimicrobial coating considered is a synthetic derivative of lauric acid. The application of the coating involves additional environmental impacts caused by all the inputs and outputs which occur during its life cycle. At the same time, however, the use of this coating allows to extend the fresh milk's shelf life with a consequent reduction in food waste. The data related to the production and application of the coating were provided by the packaging laboratory of the Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (Valencia) and by manufacturing companies. The data related to food waste, milk processing, refrigeration transports, storage, and end of life of both product and packaging were obtained from previous studies, institutional reports and Ecoinvent database v2.2. The Midpoint Impact 2002 method was used to assess impacts. The results show how the reduction in milk waste achievable by using the coating generates higher environmental benefits than the impacts caused by the coating's life cycle due to milk saving. Furthermore this study demonstrates the importance of including food waste in Life Cycle Assessment studies of packaging systems. The connection between packaging design and food waste is a decisive aspect in the evaluation of actual environmental sustainability and should thus be considered in all assessments of packaging solutions. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Comments on Product Category Rules (PCR) for 'Uncooked Pasta, not stuffed or otherwise prepared', version 1.0, 2009 (Draft for public consultation)
No full textQuesto documento riporta quanto elaborato da ENEA UTVALAMB-LCA in merito alla consultazione sulle 'Product Category Rules (PCR) for Uncooked Pasta, not stuffed or otherwise prepared', version 1.0, 2009 (Draft for public consultation), aperta dal PCR Forum dell'International EPD System (www.environdec.com). La consultazione è stata condotta tramite un'analisi critica della draft version delle suddette PCR per la pasta
Implementazione di Politiche di Produzione e Consumo Sostenibile nei Paesi Europei
No full textIl documento illustra le linee di intervento dei diversi Paesi Europei per la implementazione delle politiche di 'Produzione e consumo sostenibili' promosse dalla Unione Europea. Viene fatta un'analisi dettagliata delle strategie o programmi sviluppati nei paesi più avanzati; sono inoltre riportati esempi e casi studio, nonchè le prospettive per ulteriori sviluppi
Riproducibilità di studi di LCA: criticità nell'applicazione delle PCR per Latte Alta Qualità e Pasta
No full textQuesto documento riporta quanto elaborato da Valentina Fantin per la partecipazione al Premio Giovani Ricercatori LCA, tenutosi all'interno del Convegno della Rete Italiana LCA che si è svolto a Padova nell' Aprile 2010
Impatti ambientali di carta vergine e carta riciclata - Sintesi dei dati disponibili in letteratura
No full textQuesto documento riporta una sintesi dei dati disponibili in letteratura, contenuti all'interno di studi basati su approccio di ciclo di vita e in altri studi rilevanti per il settore, riguardanti gli impatti ambientali della carta vergine e della carta riciclata
Studio di Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) del Latte Alta Qualità a marchio COOP Report tecnico per la distribuzione pubblica
No full textNel documento è presentato lo studio di LCA relativo alla produzione, confezionamento in Tetra Top e distribuzione fino ai Ce.Di. di un litro di latte Alta Qualità a marchio COOP, rispondente ai requisiti fissati dalla normativa di settore relativi al Latte Alta Qualità e agli ulteriori requisiti previsti dal relativo 'protocollo' COOP. In particolare, sono comprese le fasi di allevamento e di produzione degli alimenti zootecnici per le bovine, la pastorizzazione e il confezionamento che avvengono nelle centrali del latte, i trasporti. Lo studio è stato avviato nell'ambito della convenzione ENEA-Ministero dell'Ambiente e della Tutela del Territorio e del Mare, continuato e concluso con il contributo di COOP Italia e del Progetto LISEA
PestLCI 2.0 sensitivity to soil variations for the evaluation of pesticide distribution in Life Cycle Assessment studies
No full textPesticides are commonly applied in conventional agricultural systems, but they can lead to serious environmental contamination. The calculation of on-field pesticide emissions in Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) studies is challenging, because of the difficulty in the calculation of the fate of pesticides and, therefore, several literature approaches based on different dispersion models have been developed. PestLCI 2.0 model can provide simultaneous assessment of the emission fractions of a pesticide to air, surface water and groundwater based on many parameters. The goal of this study is to exploit the extent of PestLCI 2.0 sensitivity to soil variations, with the ultimate goal of increasing the robustness of the modelling of pesticide emissions in LCA studies. The model was applied to maize cultivation in an experimental farm in Northern Italy, considering three tests, which evaluated the distribution of pesticides among environmental compartments obtained considering different soil types. Results show that small variations in soil characteristics lead to great variation of PestLCI 2.0, with a significance that depends on the type of environmental compartment. The compartment most affected by soil variations was groundwater, whereas surface waters were dominated by meteorological conditions, pesticides’ physical and chemical properties and wind drift, which are independent from soil characteristics. Therefore, the use of specific soil data in PestLCI 2.0 results in the availability of a comprehensive set of emission data in the different compartments, which represents a relevant input for the inventory phase of LCA studies and can increase their robustness. Nevertheless, PestLCI 2.0 requires a great effort for the data collection and a specific expertise in soil science for interpreting the results. Moreover, characterization factors for pesticide groundwater emissions should be developed, in order to exploit these detailed results in the impact assessment phase, Finally, the study provides further insights into future improvement of PestLCI 2.0. © 2018 Elsevier B.V
Environmental assessment of new technologies: Production of a Quantum Dots-Light Emitting Diode
No full textThe production of a Quantum Dots-Light Emitting Diode by Direct Laser Patterning is a new strategy to draw luminous patterns on Organic Light Emitting Diodes. The laser patterned Quantum Dots-Light Emitting Diode improves the optical performances of Organic Light Emitting Diodes introducing Quantum Dots as luminophores and avoids the use of photolithography to draw patterns, thus simplifying the manufacturing process. The purpose of this study is to describe the production of a Quantum Dots-Light Emitting Diode prototype using Direct Laser Patterning technology and to assess its environmental performance, by means of Life Cycle Assessment method, with the aim to identify the hotspots in the production chain and to support a more environmentally-friendly product design. The goal of the Life Cycle Assessment study is to evaluate the environmental impacts of the production of one Quantum Dots-Light Emitting Diode with a surface of 4 cm2 and a laser patterning surface of 25 mm2. The system boundaries were from cradle to gate and included the production of the following elements: the cadmium sulphide precursor for Quantum Dots, the organic electroluminescent polymer, the anode and cathode as well as laser patterning. Primary data were collected at laboratory scale and IMPACT 2002+ impact assessment method was used. Results show that the main hotspots are the production of the electroluminescent polymer and the indium tin oxide glass used as anode. Therefore, other materials could be used as anode and polymer with the aim to improve the environmental performances of the device. Moreover, a comparative analysis between the environmental impacts of the new patterning technology and that of the traditional photolithography shows that their environmental performances are quite similar. However, the use of the new Quantum Dots-Light Emitting Diode technology is advisable because of its better technological performance, lower costs and processing time. © 2016 Elsevier Lt
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