1,721,205 research outputs found
Characterization and Quantification of Image Quality in CT Imaging Systems: A Phantom Study
No full textComputed Tomography (CT) is a widely used imaging technique in lung cancer screening programs. To address the problem of exposing potentially healthy patients to ionizing radiation, Iterative Reconstruction (IR) algorithms can be employed. Indeed, traditional Filtered Back Projection reconstruction does not deliver adequate image quality with reduced dose levels. IR instead is prone to preserve diagnostic information and resolution while reducing noise and radiation dose. We characterized image quality for two CT scanners equipped with different iterative algorithms by using a quantitative metric, the detectability index. We compared the dependence of the image quality on the dose and the iterative level when the human visual perception is considered or not in the detectability index definition. It has been found that similar image quality can be obtained by using different scanners and different combinations of dose and iterative levels. This allows us to extrapolate the protocols c orresponding to a lower dose while preserving as much as possible the imaging properties
Computer Aided Detection in screening programs: mammography and lung CT spiral tomography
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The potential contribution of artificial intelligence to dose reduction in diagnostic imaging of lung cancer
No full textDeep Learning and Medical Image Analysis: Epistemology and Ethical Issues
No full textMachine and deep learning methods applied to medicine seem to be a promising way to improve the perfor-mance in solving many issues from the diagnosis of a disease to the prediction of personalized therapies byanalyzing many and diverse types of data. However, developing an algorithm with the aim of applying it inclinical practice is a complex task which should take into account the context in which the software is devel-oped and should be used. In the first report of the World Health Organization (WHO) about the ethics andgovernance of Artificial Intelligence (AI) for health published in 2021, it has been stated that AI may improvehealthcare and medicine all over the world only if ethics and human rights are a main part of its development.Involving ethics in technology development means to take into account several issues that should be discussedalso inside the scientific community: the epistemological changes, population stratification issues, the opacityof deep learning algorithms, data complexity and accessibility, health processes and so on. In this work, someof the mentioned issues will be discussed in order to open a discussion on whether and how it is possible to address them
A fast algorithm to identify internal lung nodules in a CAD system for chest Computed Tomography (CT)
No full textA Computer-Aided Detection system for lung nodules in CT images
No full textLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in developed countries. To support radiologists in the identification of early-stage lung cancers, we propose a Computer Aided Detection (CAD) system, composed by two different procedures: VBNACADI devoted to the identification of small nodules embedded in the lung parenchyma (internal nodules) and VBNACADJP devoted the identification of nodules originating on the pleura surface (juxta-pleural nod- ules). The CAD system has been developed and tested on a dataset of low-dose and thin-slice CT scans collected in the framework of the first Italian randomized and controlled screening trial (ITALUNG-CT). This work has been carried out in the framework of MAGIC-5 (Medical Application on a Grid Infrastructure Connection) Italian collaboration funded by Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) and Ministero dell’Universit`a e della Ricerca (MIUR), which aims at developing models and algorithms for a distributed analysis of biomedical images, by making use of the GRID services
Experimental results on GaAs switching devices for HEP
No full textIn this work we present the preliminary results on an optically activated GaAs diode which can be used to control KV bias on Si and MSGC detectors. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved
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