318 research outputs found
Hypergolic ignition by head-on collision of N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine and white fuming nitric acid droplets
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Hypergolic ignition by the head-on collision of a smaller N,N,N',N' tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) droplet and a larger white fuming nitric acid (WFNA) droplet was experimentally investigated by using a droplet collision experimental apparatus equipped with a time-resolved shadowgraph, a photodetector and an infrared detector. The investigation was focused on understanding the influence of droplet collision and mixing, which vary with the collisional Weber number (We = 20-220) and the droplet size ratio (Delta = 1.2-2.9) while have a fixed Ohnesorge number (Oh = 2.5x10(-3)), on the hypergolic ignitability and the ignition delay times. The hypergolic ignition was found to critically rely on the heat release from of the liquid-phase reaction of TMEDA and nitric acid, which is subsequent to and enhanced by the effective mixing of the droplets of proper size ratios. Consequently, the ignitability regime nomogram in the We-A space shows that the hypergolic ignition favors small Delta s and large Wes; the ignition delay times tend to decrease with either decreasing Delta, or increasing We, or both. A non-monotonic variation of the ignition delay times with We was observed and attributed to the non-monotonic emergence of jet-like mixing patterns that enhance the droplet mixing and hence the liquid-phase reaction. (C) 2016 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p
sj-docx-1-aim-10.1177_09645284221085278 – Supplemental material for Manual acupuncture at ST36 attenuates rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization and enhancing Treg cell populations in adjuvant-induced arthritic rats
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-aim-10.1177_09645284221085278 for Manual acupuncture at ST36 attenuates rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization and enhancing Treg cell populations in adjuvant-induced arthritic rats by Nannan Yu, Fuming Yang, Xue Zhao, Yongming Guo, Yuan Xu, Guangchang Pang, Yinan Gong, Shenjun Wang, Yangyang Liu, Yuxin Fang, Kun Yu, Lin Yao, Hui Wang, Kuo Zhang, Baohu Liu, Zhenguo Wang, Yi Guo and Zhifang Xu in Acupuncture in Medicine</p
Hydrogen as Carbon-Free Reducing Agent in Non-ferrous Slag Fuming
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2022, The Author(s).In this work, pyrometallurgical treatment of non-ferrous iron residue was studied. This approach aimed to recover the valuable metals and convert the residue into reusable benign slag using hydrogen as a non-fossil reducing agent. The pyrometallurgical treatment for this type of residue involves pretreatment prior to two stages, oxidation and reduction. Hydrogen was employed as a reducing agent in slag cleaning. The reduction tests were performed at temperatures of 1200 °C, 1250 °C, and 1300 °C using H2 and N2 gases to form the reducing gas atmosphere. The results show that H2 is an effective reductant because reduction proceeded rapidly, forming speiss droplets within the slag already after 10 minutes. The laboratory-scale experiments suggest that slags or other residues obtained from metallurgical processes can be further cleaned in a fuming process using hydrogen and its mixtures to obtain environmentally friendly cleaner slag with respect of volatile metals. The results also show that one can tune the reduction and control the formation of metallic iron during the process. Thermodynamic modeling was also performed to simulate the fuming stage, i.e., reduction of the slag. Metal alloy formation as well as elemental distributions between metal and slag were studied, and results from thermodynamic modeling agree well with experimental results.Peer reviewe
Political Precaution, Pandemics and Protectionism
Get PDFDespite strong scientific evidence and representations made by international scientific organizations, a considerable number of countries have imposed import bans on pork in response to the H1N1 pandemic. The imposition of these barriers is contrary to WTO rules. The motivation for the imposition of these barriers does not appear to have arisen from producers’ requests or consumer lobbying – political precaution provides the motivation. There appears to be little control over political precaution in the rules of international trade. Hence, the balance between the strong rules of trade desired by firms wishing to engage in international commerce and the need, at times, for politicians to respond to requests for protection may be changing in favour of more protection. Keywords: H1N1, import bans, pork, precaution, protection, swineH1N1, import bans, pork, precaution, protection, swine, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Health Economics and Policy, International Relations/Trade, Livestock Production/Industries, Political Economy, Public Economics, Risk and Uncertainty,
Electrooculography-based continuous eye-writing recognition system for efficient assistive communication systems.
No full textHuman-computer interface systems whose input is based on eye movements can serve as a means of communication for patients with locked-in syndrome. Eye-writing is one such system; users can input characters by moving their eyes to follow the lines of the strokes corresponding to characters. Although this input method makes it easy for patients to get started because of their familiarity with handwriting, existing eye-writing systems suffer from slow input rates because they require a pause between input characters to simplify the automatic recognition process. In this paper, we propose a continuous eye-writing recognition system that achieves a rapid input rate because it accepts characters eye-written continuously, with no pauses. For recognition purposes, the proposed system first detects eye movements using electrooculography (EOG), and then a hidden Markov model (HMM) is applied to model the EOG signals and recognize the eye-written characters. Additionally, this paper investigates an EOG adaptation that uses a deep neural network (DNN)-based HMM. Experiments with six participants showed an average input speed of 27.9 character/min using Japanese Katakana as the input target characters. A Katakana character-recognition error rate of only 5.0% was achieved using 13.8 minutes of adaptation data
Electrooculography-based continuous eye-writing recognition system for efficient assistive communication systems
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